Abstract: Provided is a method for quantifying an initial concentration of a nucleic acid from a real-time nucleic acid amplification data. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) extracted from organism or virus is amplified using an enzyme. Then, the initial concentration of the nucleic acid is found by calculating the characteristic amplification cycle number or the characteristic amplification time at which the fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid subtracted by the background fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid has half of its maximum value, or the characteristic amplification cycle number or the characteristic amplification time at which the amplification efficiency has the maximum or the minimum value, or the prior-to-amplification fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid subtracted by the background fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid. Accordingly, the initial concentration of the nucleic acid can be calculated without differentiation or integration.

Abstract: Ripple of an input voltage is used to modulate a switching operation frequency of a switch mode power supply. A sensing voltage corresponding to the input voltage is received, a current ripple that is proportional to a difference between a peak value of the sensing voltage and the sensing voltage is generated, and a modulation control signal that is variable by the current ripple is generated. A switching frequency is modulated using an oscillator signal that is variable by the modulation control signal, and reduces the output voltage ripple.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protection circuit, a resonance converter having the same, and a protection method thereof. A resonance converter having high-side and low-side switches senses a current flowing through the low-side switch and determines a zero voltage switching failure by using a width of a current flowing to a negative direction of the low-side switch.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for installing a smart card applet. A response message for an OTA message received from an external remote server is transmitted to form a communication channel based on HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol) between a smart card and the remote server. The applet is installed based on applet installation information received through the communication channel. A large scale applet is installed in a card within a short period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for installing a smart card applet. A response message for an OTA message received from an external remote server is transmitted to form a communication channel based on HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol) between a smart card and the remote server. The applet is installed based on applet installation information received through the communication channel. A large scale applet is installed in a card within a short period of time.

Abstract: A method of treating a surface of a substrate using modified urushiol derived from Toxicodendron vernicifluum is provided. More particularly, the reactivity of a hydroxyl group of urushiol extracted from fresh Toxicodendron vernicifluum is removed before the lacquer is used as a UV coating agent for a substrate such as a steel sheet. Therefore, the substrate may have high antibacterial activity, and excellent appearance and functionalities such as far-infrared radiation, blocking of electromagnetic waves, enhanced corrosion resistance, high crosslinking speed when a low content of a photoinitiator is used, excellent surface gloss and high scratch resistance.

Abstract: A radiation-curable base resin composition and a fingerprint-resistant resin composition including the same are provided. The radiation-curable base resin composition includes a multifunctional urethane (meth)acrylate having three or more functional groups at 3 to 35 parts by weight, a bifunctional urethane (meth)acrylate at 3 to 35 parts by weight, at least one (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer selected from a monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer and a multifunctional (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer at 20 to 60 parts by weight and a radiation polymerization initiator at 0.1 to 15 parts by weight.

Abstract: A pH adjusting apparatus includes an electrolytic chip receiving a solution, an electrolytic chip loading station receiving the electrolytic chip, an input unit inputting electrolysis conditions, a control unit receiving the electrolysis conditions and controlling electrolysis performed in the electrolytic chip, and a display unit displaying the electrolysis conditions and a progress of the electrolysis. Thus, the pH of a solution can be adjusted easily and accurately, by precisely controlling a constant current, a constant voltage, and current and voltage application times, thereby enabling useful application in various biological assays such as cell lysis. Furthermore, the pH adjusting apparatus has small size and weight and can be operated for a long time after charging once due to low power consumption.

Abstract: A converter is provided including: a first switch; an energy transmitting element for converting input energy into output energy according to the switching of the first switch; and a switching controller for detecting a time when a voltage between a first terminal and a second terminal of the first switch reaches a valley of a resonance waveform, and actuating the first switch corresponding to one of the detected valleys of the resonance waveform. The switching controller includes: a valley detector for changing the state of the output signal whenever a voltage between a first terminal and a second terminal of the first switch reaches a valley of the resonance waveform; and a PWM controller for actuating the first switch corresponding to an output signal of the valley detector.

Abstract: Provided are a pointing apparatus capable of providing haptic feedback, and a haptic interaction system and method using the same. The pointing apparatus includes a wireless communication unit, a controller, and a haptic stimulator. The wireless communication unit receives an event including haptic output information through wireless communication with the outside. The controller generates a control signal for reproducing a haptic pattern corresponding to the haptic output information. The haptic stimulator reproduces the haptic pattern by means of the control signal. Thus, it is possible to increase the performance and usability of a user interface of a user terminal including a touch screen.

Abstract: Provided are a light emitting device and an optical coupling module. The device includes a substrate, a light emitting part provided to the substrate, and a reflecting part provided to a lower surface of the substrate. The light emitting part includes an active pattern disposed on the substrate, an upper mirror provided to an upper portion of the active pattern, and a lower mirror provided to a lower portion of the active pattern. The light emitting part may emit light normal to the substrate, and the reflecting part may reflect the emitted light to a side surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switch controller and a converter including the same. The switch controller generates an oscillating voltage determining a switching frequency alternately switching a high-side switch and a low-side switch, senses a power source voltage supplied to the switch controller, and maintains the high-side switch and the low-side switch in the turn-off state in a case that the change of the power source voltage is not generated after one of the high-side switch and the low-side switch is turned off according to the oscillating voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are a switch controller, a switch control method, a converter using the same, and a driving method thereof. A first voltage is generated by using a voltage that is input to an input terminal, and a soft start signal is generated by using the first voltage during a soft start duration. A switching operation is controlled by using the soft start signal during the soft start duration.

Abstract: A pH adjusting apparatus includes an electrolytic chip receiving a solution, an electrolytic chip loading station receiving the electrolytic chip, an input unit inputting electrolysis conditions, a control unit receiving the electrolysis conditions and controlling electrolysis performed in the electrolytic chip, and a display unit displaying the electrolysis conditions and a progress of the electrolysis. Thus, the pH of a solution can be adjusted easily and accurately, by precisely controlling a constant current, a constant voltage, and current and voltage application times, thereby enabling useful application in various biological assays such as cell lysis. Furthermore, the pH adjusting apparatus has small size and weight and can be operated for a long time after charging once due to low power consumption.

Abstract: A detecting device packing tray is provided which prevents a detecting device from being contaminated and damaged. The detecting device packing tray includes a tray main body configured to support a detecting device including a detection region to detect a reaction result. The tray main body includes a non-contact groove provided at a position corresponding to the detection region of the detecting device when the detecting device is supported by the tray main body so that the detection region does not contact the tray main body.

Abstract: Provided is an optical touch panel. The optical touch panel includes: an optical waveguide including a core delivering an optical signal and a clad surrounding the core; a light generator delivering the optical signal into the optical waveguide; and a light detector measuring the optical signal passing through the optical waveguide, wherein the optical waveguide includes a sensing part having a sensing surface and a passing part having a non-sensing surface; the core includes a sensing core portion in the sensing part and a passing core portion in the passing part; and a distance between the sensing surface and a top surface of the sensing core portion is shorter than that between the non-sensing surface and a top surface of the passing core portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phototherapy device including: a pixel unit to irradiate light having a predetermined wavelength to a skin, detect a skin reflection light of the light irradiated to the skin, and convert the detected skin reflection light into an electrical signal; an image processor to use the electrical signals to generate skin image information; and a control unit to control light intensity irradiated to the skin for a skin diagnosis or a skin disease therapy based on the skin image information, or to determine a two-dimensional distribution of the light. The phototherapy device of the present disclosure simultaneously provides the diagnosis and therapy of the skin disease.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical touch screen panel including: a light source unit to generate light parallel with a horizontal axis or a vertical axis of a touch screen; a first beam deflector to increase the width of the light parallel with the horizontal axis to be matched with the width of the horizontal-axis of the touch screen, or increase the width of the parallel light parallel with the vertical axis to be matched with the width of the vertical-axis of the touch screen in order to reflect the parallel light having the increased width; a second beam deflector to reduce the width of the parallel light incident from the first beam deflector in order to reflect the parallel light having the reduced width; and a photodetector unit to sense a touched position of an object on the horizontal-axis or the vertical-axis of the touch screen.

Abstract: In a converter using a transformer, a switch controller controlling a main switch and an auxiliary switch increase a turn-on time of the auxiliary switch when a voltage of a signal corresponding to a current flowing to a primary coil of the transformer is greater than a reference voltage for a predetermined period.

Abstract: Disclosed is an auto-restart circuit and auto-restart method. A main integrated circuit (IC) of a main stage controls a switching operation of at least one power switch. The auto-restart circuit for restarting the main IC detects a switching state of the at least one power switch and detects the state of the main IC. The auto-restart circuit cuts off an external power source voltage supply to the main IC or supplies the external power source voltage to the main IC according to switching state and the state of the main IC.