Abstract: A photoacoustic apparatus may include: a ring transducer configured to measure a photoacoustic signal generated from an object, and including a hollow space that is provided as a travel path of light and ultrasonic waves; a mirror part disposed along a light path of the light transmitted from the ring transducer, and configured to reflect the light transmitted from the ring transducer, and the ultrasonic waves generated from the object, and to adjust magnification of the mirror part according to a number of apertures of the photoacoustic apparatus; and a fluid tank including a transparent film that allows the photoacoustic signal to pass through the fluid tank, and accommodating a fluid, the ring transducer, and the mirror part inside the fluid tank.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic-piezoelectric micro robot capable of a hyperthermia treatment, an electrotherapy and a cell therapy. The magnetic-piezoelectric micro robot includes a body and a stimulus generating layer formed at a surface of the body including a magnetic particle and a piezoelectric particle and generating heat from the magnetic particle and generating an electrical stimulus from the piezoelectric particle by an external stimulus, wherein one of a hyperthermia treatment by the magnetic particle or an electrotherapy by the piezoelectric particle is performed or both are performed simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyranochromenylphenol derivatives having different efficacies depending on the direction of optical activity and a pharmaceutical composition including the same, and in the pyranochromenylphenol derivatives, an R-enantiomer has excellent anti-diabetic efficacy by suppressing a rise in blood sugar and an S-enantiomer has excellent anti-obesity efficacy by suppressing an increase in body weight.

Abstract: Provided is a membrane electrode assembly for a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, including: an oxygen electrode including an iridium oxide (IrO2) layer which is an electrodeposited oxygen electrode catalyst layer on a titanium (Ti) layer which is a diffusion layer; a hydrogen electrode in which a hydrogen electrode catalyst layer is formed on a diffusion layer; and an electrolyte membrane placed between the oxygen electrode catalyst layer and the hydrogen electrode catalyst layer, in which a portion of the pores of the Ti diffusion layer are filled with an electrolyte of the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A wafer level fan out package includes a semiconductor die having a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface. A stiffener is disposed on the third surface of the semiconductor die. A conductive via passes through the stiffener. First and second electrically conductive patterns electrically connected to the conductive via are disposed on the first and second surfaces of the semiconductor die and stiffener. Solder balls are electrically connected to the first or second electrically conductive patterns.

Abstract: A microrobot of which a drug release is controlled by a sound wave applied from outside, and a method of manufacturing the microrobot are disclosed. The method includes mixing and storing magnetic nanoparticles and a drug in a biodegradable resist, and forming a microrobot having a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure at the resist through two-photon polymerization (TPP). The microrobot is formed to control a release rate of the drug stored in the resist by a sound wave applied from the outside.

Abstract: In some implementations, a substrate for coupling to an integrated circuit includes multiple layers. Each of the multiple layers has, in a particular region of the substrate, a repeating pattern of regions corresponding to power and ground. The multiple layers include (i) a top layer having, in the particular region, power contacts and ground contacts for coupling to an integrated circuit and (ii) a bottom layer having, in the particular region, power contacts and ground contacts for coupling to another device. At least one layer of the multiple layers has a repeating pattern of signal traces that extend along and are located between the regions corresponding to ground in the at least one layer.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array having cell strings that each includes memory cells stacked on a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. A row decoder is connected with the memory cells through word lines. The row decoder applies a setting voltage to at least one word line of the word lines and floats the at least one word line during a floating time. A page buffer circuit is connected with the cell strings through bit lines. The page buffer senses voltage changes of the bit lines after the at least one word line is floated during the floating time and outputs a page buffer signal as a sensing result. A counter counts a number of off-cells in response to the page buffer signal. A detecting circuit outputs a detection signal associated with a defect cell based on the number of off-cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cosmetic composition having increased skin contact and makeup persistence and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes: forming a powder continuous phase by rapidly mixing a powder and a film-forming agent; and obtaining a cosmetic composition in which a surface of the powder is compounded with the film-forming agent by heating the powder continuous phase for a predetermined time. In an embodiment, the cosmetic composition is manufactured by the method. In an embodiment, the cosmetic composition includes 5 wt % to 30 wt % of a powder, 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a film-forming agent, 10 wt % to 30 wt % of a silicone oil, and 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a spherical powder.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst electrode for a fuel cell, a method for fabricating the catalyst electrode, and a fuel cell including the catalyst electrode. The presence of an ionomer-ionomer support composite in the catalyst electrode prevents the porous structure of the catalyst electrode from collapsing due to oxidation of a carbon support to avoid an increase in resistance to gas diffusion and can stably secure proton channels. The presence of carbon materials with high conductivity is effective in preventing the electrical conductivity of the electrode from deterioration resulting from the use of a metal oxide in the ionomer-ionomer support composite and is also effective in suppressing collapse of the porous structure of the electrode to prevent an increase in resistance to gas diffusion in the electrode. Based on these effects, the fuel cell exhibits excellent performance characteristics and prevents its performance from deteriorating during continuous operation.

Abstract: Provided is a biomimetic chip device. The biomimetic chip device includes a body, a main channel arranged in the body and extending in one direction, a plurality of culture chambers spaced apart from each other on the main channel, a first reservoir arranged at one end of the main channel and storing a first fluid, and a second reservoir arranged at the other end of the main channel and storing the first fluid, wherein the body is tilted about a first axis perpendicular to the one direction to allow the first fluid to flow between the first reservoir and the second reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus, and more particularly to a power generation apparatus that generates power by dropping collected water. A power generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a chamber having an accommodation space for accommodating water, and configured to accommodate water introduced through an intake pipe disposed on the bottom surface thereof; a pressure pump configured to discharge the air of the accommodation space out of the chamber through a discharge pipe provided on the ceiling surface of the chamber by generating pressure; a spray unit provided on the side surface of the chamber, and configured to spray water, introduced by the pressure pump and accommodated in the accommodation space, out of the chamber; and a power generation unit configured to generate power using the pressure of water sprayed by the spray unit.

Abstract: An image sensor is provided. The image sensor includes a substrate including a first side on which light is incident and a second side opposite the first side; a first separation pattern extending from the second side, the first separation pattern being interposed between unit pixels in the substrate of a light-receiving region and a light-shielding region provided around the light-receiving region; a second separation pattern extending from the first side and overlapping the first separation pattern, the second separation pattern being provided in the substrate of the light-receiving region; and a contact film electrically connected to the first separation pattern, the contact film being provided in the substrate of the light-shielding region. A contact trench which extends from the first side is formed in the light-shielding region of the substrate and exposes the first separation pattern, and the contact film fills at least a part of the contact trench.

Abstract: Disclosed are a non-volatile memory device and a method of operating the non-volatile memory device. A non-volatile memory device in which m logical pages are stored in a single physical page includes: a plurality of registers configured to be included in a flash translation layer (FTL) and to store at least part of the data of a write command received from a file system; and a controller configured to control operations of the plurality of registers based on the write command; wherein each of the plurality of registers is further configured to have a storage space associated with the size of the m logical pages; and wherein the controller is further configured to program the data of the write command into the non-volatile memory device and to store the data of the write command in the plurality of registers.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, which includes a metal sulfide, a method for preparing the same and a method for regenerating the same.

Abstract: A memory device includes a bay comprises a plurality of word lines, a plurality of bit lines, and a memory cell connected to a first word line of the plurality of word lines and a first bit line of the plurality of bit lines, a row decoder configured to bias at least one word line of the word lines adjacent to the first word line and float remaining non-adjacent word lines of the plurality of word lines not adjacent to the first word line, in an access operation associated with the memory cell, and a column decoder configured to bias at least one bit line of the bit lines adjacent to the first bit line and float remaining non-adjacent bit lines of the plurality of bit lines not adjacent to the first bit line, in the access operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interleukin-2 analogue, which has altered binding affinity for interleukin-2 alpha receptor and interleukin-2 beta receptor, compared to the wild type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing vegan kimchi, which includes a first salting step of first salting napa cabbage using salting water; a second salting step of second salting the first salted napa cabbage using a second salting mixture; and a condiment mixing step of mixing the second salted napa cabbage with vegan kimchi condiment. The prepared vegan kimchi retains the characteristics and taste of general kimchi, has crunchy characteristics since the vegan kimchi is salted two times using salty and sweet ingredients during the salting process, has excellent preservability since the vegan kimchi has a slightly slower growth rate of lactobacillus than general kimchi containing animal ingredients, and thus has an effect of being easily commercialized and sold.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device including: a first semiconductor layer including word lines, bit lines, first and second upper substrates adjacent to each other and a memory cell array, wherein the memory cell array includes a first vertical structure on the first upper substrate and a second vertical structure on the second upper substrate; and a second semiconductor layer under the first semiconductor layer, wherein the second semiconductor layer includes a lower substrate that includes row decoder and page buffer circuits, wherein the first vertical structure includes a first via area in which a first through-hole via is provided, wherein the first through-hole via passes through the first vertical structure and connects a first bit line and a first page buffer circuit, and the second vertical structure includes a first partial block, wherein the first partial block overlaps the first via area.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antioxidant for a polymer electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell including cerium hydrogen phosphate (CeHPO4). The presence of cerium hydrogen phosphate in the antioxidant enhances the dissolution stability of cerium and improves the ability to capture water, leading to an increase in proton conductivity. In addition, the cerium hydrogen phosphate has a crystal structure composed of smaller cerium particles. This crystal structure greatly improves the ability of the antioxidant to prevent oxidation of the electrolyte membrane. Also disclosed are an electrolyte membrane including the antioxidant, a fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane, a method for preparing the antioxidant, a method for producing the electrolyte membrane, and a method for fabricating the fuel cell.