Abstract: A clock synchronization method includes receiving, by a receiving apparatus, a plurality of data blocks using a plurality of physical layer modules (PHYs), where the plurality of data blocks include a plurality of head data blocks, performing, by the receiving apparatus, timestamp sampling on the plurality of data blocks to generate a plurality of receipt timestamps, aligning, by the receiving apparatus, the plurality of receipt timestamps using a first receipt timestamp as a reference, generating, by the receiving apparatus, a clock synchronization packet based on the plurality of data blocks, and writing, by the receiving apparatus, a value of a second receipt timestamp into the clock synchronization packet, where the second receipt timestamp is a receipt timestamp that is of a second data block and that is determined based on the plurality of aligned receipt timestamps.

Abstract: This application provides an isolation and recovery method and related network device for a case when one or more physical layer apparatuses (PHYs) in a flexible Ethernet group (FlexE group) are faulty. In the method, if a network device determines that a first overhead block corresponding to each current available PHY is stored in a corresponding memory, the network device determines that a FlexE group meets a PHY alignment condition, and starts to simultaneously read cached data from all memories. Therefore, there is no need to insert local fault LF code blocks to all clients, and there is no need to recreate a group. This effectively reduces the impact of a faulty PHY on client services carried by a normal PHY.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes: obtaining multiple data blocks sent by L FlexE clients, L is greater than or equal to 1; and sending a data frame including the multiple data blocks to a physical-layer device, where a transmission rate of the data frame is N*100 Gbit/s, the data frame includes T data block groups, each of the T data block groups includes M continuous data block subgroups, each of the M continuous data block subgroups includes R*N continuous data blocks, the data frame further includes T overhead block groups, a tth overhead block group includes N continuous overhead blocks. According to the method, each data block subgroup in a data frame can include R*N data blocks, and each overhead block group can include N overhead blocks, and a data transmission rate can be adjusted flexibly.

Abstract: A clock synchronization method includes receiving, by a receiving apparatus, a plurality of data blocks using a plurality of physical layer modules (PHYs), where the plurality of data blocks include a plurality of head data blocks, performing, by the receiving apparatus, timestamp sampling on the plurality of data blocks to generate a plurality of receipt timestamps, aligning, by the receiving apparatus, the plurality of receipt timestamps using a first receipt timestamp as a reference, generating, by the receiving apparatus, a clock synchronization packet based on the plurality of data blocks, and writing, by the receiving apparatus, a value of a second receipt timestamp into the clock synchronization packet, where the second receipt timestamp is a receipt timestamp that is of a second data block and that is determined based on the plurality of aligned receipt timestamps.

Abstract: An industrial controller within an industrial automation environment is provided. The industrial controller includes a plurality of control devices, and an update controller which is configured to identify control devices that are on a linear topology, identify control devices on the linear topology that require a reset after updating, and identify a hierarchy of the control devices. The update controller is also configured to update control devices within a first level of the hierarchy, and reset the control devices within the first level of the hierarchy after all of the control devices within the first level of the hierarchy have completed updating. The update controller is further configured to concurrently update control devices within a second level of the hierarchy, and concurrently reset the control devices within the second level of the hierarchy after all of the control devices within the second level of the hierarchy have completed updating.

Abstract: A clock synchronization method includes receiving, by a receiving apparatus, a plurality of data blocks using a plurality of physical layer modules (PHYs), where the plurality of data blocks include a plurality of head data blocks, performing, by the receiving apparatus, timestamp sampling on the plurality of data blocks to generate a plurality of receipt timestamps, aligning, by the receiving apparatus, the plurality of receipt timestamps using a first receipt timestamp as a reference, generating, by the receiving apparatus, a clock synchronization packet based on the plurality of data blocks, and writing, by the receiving apparatus, a value of a second receipt timestamp into the clock synchronization packet, where the second receipt timestamp is a receipt timestamp that is of a second data block and that is determined based on the plurality of aligned receipt timestamps.

Abstract: This application provides a method for sending and receiving a clock synchronization packet in FlexE. The method includes: generating, by a sending apparatus, indication information and a plurality of data blocks, where the plurality of data blocks are obtained by encoding a first clock synchronization packet, the indication information is used to indicate a first data block, and the first data block is a data block used for timestamp sampling in the plurality of data blocks; determining, by the sending apparatus, according to the indication information, a moment at which the first data block arrives at a medium dependent interface MDI of the sending apparatus, and generating a sending timestamp, where the sending timestamp is used to record a sending moment of the first clock synchronization packet; generating a second clock synchronization packet carrying the sending timestamp; and sending, by the sending apparatus, the second clock synchronization packet.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes: obtaining multiple data blocks sent by L FlexE clients, L is greater than or equal to 1; and sending a data frame including the multiple data blocks to a physical-layer device, where a transmission rate of the data frame is N*100 Gbit/s, the data frame includes T data block groups, each of the T data block groups includes M continuous data block subgroups, each of the M continuous data block subgroups includes R*N continuous data blocks, the data frame further includes T overhead block groups, a tth overhead block group includes N continuous overhead blocks. According to the method, each data block subgroup in a data frame can include R*N data blocks, and each overhead block group can include N overhead blocks, and a data transmission rate can be adjusted flexibly.