Abstract: Copolymer comprising ethylene units and vinyl formate units, the content of free vinyl formate in the polymer preferably being not more than 5000 ppm, based on the weight of the copolymer, a process for its preparation, and its use as flow improver, especially in petroleum distillates, preferably fuel and propellant compositions, especially petroleum middle distillates, and also a fuel and propellant composition comprising a principal quantity of a fuel and propellant and that quantity of a copolymer as above which is effective in improving the flow properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the ink feed in a vibrator-type inking unit of a printing machine, especially a sheet-fed offset printing machine, the ink being fed via individual ink metering elements which interact with an ink fountain roller, and the ink metering elements and the vibrator cycle and/or the vibrator strip width being set to correspond to the overall proportion of the printing area of the printing plate and, in order to obtain pre-setting values for the ink feed, the proportion of the printing area in the individual ink metering zones being determined. The method and apparatus are intended to provide an improvement in the transient response of the inking for any desired subject.

Abstract: Process for the partial modification of porous, hydrophilitic filter membranes, of filter membranes treated in such manner and filter modules equipped with such filter membranes. When hydrophilic filter membranes are embedded in hydrophobic securing components of filter modules, the membrane filters are hydrophobized beyond the embedding area in an edge region, so that this edge region, that can no longer be wetted by water, forms an air by-pass when the filter modules are tested, rendering thus impossible that the filter modules can be tested. The novel process is intended to modify the edge regions in such a manner that, even after partial areas have been embedded in a hydrophobic polymer material, they remain porous and hydrophilic over the whole of their effective area.

Abstract: The invention concerns biologically degradable polyesterS which are degraded under the action of micro-organisms in the natural environment. Said polyesters are high molecular weight satistical copolyesters which are made using an aliphatic polyalcohol, an aromatic polycarboxylic acid and also an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid as monomer components. They contain constitutional repeating or recurrent units comprising (i) a polyalcohol and an aromatic polycarboxylic acid and (ii) a polyalcohol and an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, where over 90% of the units of type (i) are directly bonded with none or at most one other unit of type (i). The polyesters are produced by using a di-isocyanate as an additional monomer component, less isocyanate being used than any of the other monomer components. The present invention also concerns materials made from said biodegradable polyester and a process for producing said polyesters.

Abstract: In the process for the selective hydrogenation of dienes in diene-containing feed streams, a diene-containing feed stream is hydrogenated over a nickel-containing precipitated catalyst at from 40 to 100.degree. C., a pressure of from 3 to 20 bar and a WHSV (weight hourly space velocity) of from 1 to 10 kg/(l.times.h) in the presence of free hydrogen.

Abstract: Copolymer comprising ethylene units and vinyl formate units, the content of free vinyl formate in the polymer preferably being not more than 5000 ppm, based on the weight of the copolymer, a process for its preparation, and its use as flow improver, especially in petroleum distillates, preferably fuel and propellant compositions, especially petroleum middle distillates, and also a fuel and propellant composition comprising a principal quantity of a fuel and propellant and that quantity of a copolymer as above which is effective in improving the flow properties.

Abstract: A process for preparing indene derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl radical, a phenyl radical or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl-substituted phenyl radical andA is a bridge which, together with the adjacent carbons, forms a six-membered aromatic or a five- or six-membered heteroaromatic or carbocyclic ring onto which a further aromatic ring may be fused,comprises reacting II with III ##STR2## (X=chlorine, bromine, iodine) in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst to give IV ##STR3## which is then dehydrogenated to I.

Abstract: 1,4-Dibenzothiazine-comprising crude acrylic acid is purified by crystallization by raising its diacrylic acid content to at least 1% by weight prior to the crystallization step.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for simultaneously obtaining pure carbon monoxide and pure hydrogen in a steam reformer plant for hydrogen or ammonia generation, having a primary reformer, a secondary reformer and downstream thereof, a CO conversion stage. A part gas stream of the synthesis gas stream, which is discharged from the secondary reformer having a CO content of between 2 and 20 mol. % and is at a temperature of from 200 to 500.degree. C. and a pressure between 15 and 50 bar, is removed between the secondary reformer and the CO conversion stage. The part gas stream is then is cooled to a temperature below 100.degree. C., thereby condensing out the major part of the steam contained in the gas stream. The remaining raw synthesis gas stream is then guided by way of a multistage gas separation plant in which the gas components H.sub.2, residual steam, CH.sub.4, CO.sub.2 and optionally N.sub.2 are separated, either individually or together, from the CO.

Abstract: Linear, thermoplastic, elastomneric copolymers of carbon monoxide and olefinically unsaturated compounds have an alternating sequence of repeating units and an average molecular weight Mw of the copolymers of from 80,000 to 1,200,000, binary, linear, alternating carbon monoxide/ethylene copolymers being excluded.

Abstract: A method and a corresponding control are described for the start-up of production printing in a sheet-processing printing machine, in particular, a sheet-fed offset printing machine, in which ink is supplied via a vibrating roller which is movable back and forth between an ink fountain roller and a ink distribution roller wherein clearance is given for the entry into the machine of a first sheet to be printed as a function of the state of movement of the vibrating roller. When production printing is resumed, the state of movement of the vibrating roller for clearance for the sheet entry is selected from a memory as a function of the state of movement of the vibrating roller during entry of a last sheet into the machine before the commencement of the print interruption.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyolefins having predominantly a terminal double bond and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000, which possess an aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton which is straight-chain or carries C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl side chains, with from 1 to 10 mol, per equivalent of double bond, of one or more vinyl esters I ##STR1## are obtainable by reacting the stated polyolefins with the vinyl esters I in the presence of a free radical initiator at from 80 to 200.degree. C., it being possible for these reaction products subsequently to have been hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols or converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination with amines II ##STR2## .

Abstract: Fuel or lubricant additives based on reaction products of an ethylenically unsaturated poly-1-alkene derived from one or more 1-alkenes of 3 to 24 carbon atoms and from 0 to 50% by weight of ethene, processes for their preparation and fuel or lubricant compositions containing these additives are described.

Abstract: A control system for controlling the rotational speed of the printing cylinders of a printing machine in order to eliminate register offset or doubling phenomena on the printed matter. The control system uses one or more sensors to determine the operating condition of the printing unit. The relevant operating condition parameters include the frequency of the AC line from which the printing machine operates and the position of the printing cylinders at the time the change in rotational speed is to occur. Based on the operating condition of the printing unit, a controller selects an appropriate timing ramp for increasing or decreasing the rotational speed of the printing cylinders. The various timing ramps are stored on a memory and correspond to the different operating conditions of the printing unit.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for starting-up/restarting continuous printing in a sheet-processing printing machine where the sheets to be printed are fed from a feeder stack connected to the printing machine via a switchable clutch, the feeder assembly is cut-in at a basic speed, and the printing machine is run-up to a continuous printing speed. According to the invention, the time for starting the running up of the printing machine from the basic speed to the continuous production speed is a function of the number of machine revolutions necessary to convey a first sheet from the feeder stack to a predetermined position inside the printing machine such that the first sheet reaches the predetermined position inside the printing machine at the same time or after the production speed is reached. The object of the invention is to reduce the number of rejects that occur during the starting-up/restarting of the printing machine to the largest extent possible.

Abstract: The disclosure is a more economical process for producing fibrets of superior quality by directing a dope comprising a cellulose derivative and a suitable solvent therefor into a coagulant and exposing it there to a shearing field to coagulate of the dope and form the fibrets. The fibrets, the solvent and the coagulant are then separated off. The suspension formed from the dope and the coagulant is alternately accelerated and decelerated in the shearing field at least once, preferably at least twice. This makes it possible to maintain a high average degree of turbulence over a long distance, so that a dope of high viscosity can be processed. In the apparatus for producing fibrets, the at least one nozzle (46-49) is disposed within a dispersing facility (40) comprising rotor (44) and stator (43, 45) and further comprising at least two sprockets (50-53), of which at least one sprocket (50) is part of the rotor (44) of the dispersing facility (40).

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the thickness of a slag layer on a metal melt in a metallurgical vessel comprises a first inductive eddy current sensor which indicates the distance of the apparatus from the metal melt as it is moved toward the melt. A second sensor detects when the apparatus reaches a predetermined distance relative to or contacts the slag layer and triggers the inductive eddy-current sensor when such distance is attained. The sensors are arranged in predetermined spatial relation and the thickness of the slag layer is determined by an evaluation device which analyzes the received signals. The apparatus permits measurement of the thickness of the slay layer without the need of additional equipment (e.g. mechanical lance movement or distance measurement).