Abstract: The invention relates to a TV signal receiver (5) having a first input terminal (7) for receiving a first input signal, a first unit (11) for deriving a first TV signal from the first input signal, a second unit (xx) for supplying a second TV signal. A signal combination unit (19) replaces in response to a first control signal at least a part of the first TV signal by the second TV signal so as to obtain a composite TV signal. The composite TV signal is supplied to an output terminal. Control signal generator means (25) are provided for generating the first control signal. The TV signal receiver further comprises a storage device (17) for storing and reading the first TV signal so as to enable to delay the first TV signal prior to submitting the first TV signal to the signal combination unit, the storage device being adapted to suspend reading the first TV signal in response to the first control signal.

Abstract: A conversion unit (200) for converting a series of input image (110-114) into a series of output image (116-126). The time intervals (128,130) between consecutive input images (110-114) might be unequal. The time intervals (e.g. 132) between consecutive output images are substantially mutual equal (116-126). The output images (116-126) are calculated by means of motion compensated interpolation between input images (110-114).

Abstract: The bipolar transistor comprises a collector region (1) of a semiconductor material having a first doping type, a base region (2) of a semiconductor material having a second doping type, and an emitter region (3) having the first doping type. A junction is present between the emitter region (3) and the base region (2), and, viewed from the junction (4), a depletion region (5) extends into the emitter region (3). The emitter region (3) comprises a layer (6) of a first semiconductor material and a layer (7) of a second semiconductor material. The first semiconductor material has a higher intrinsic carrier concentration than the second semiconductor material. The layer (7) of said second semiconductor material is positioned outside the depletion region (5). The second semiconductor material has such a doping concentration that Auger recombination occurs. The invention also relates to a semiconductor device comprising such a bipolar transistor.

Abstract: An amplifier topology that combines the use of chopping and chopper stabilization, and may include auto-zeroing to achieve this very low offset. The use of choppers guarantees a very low offset, and moreover, eliminates the so-called 1/f noise. Chopper stabilization is used to avoid the so-called chopper noise associated with chopper amplifiers. The auto-zeroing technique may be used to improve the performance of the chopper-stabilization circuitry. Various exemplary embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In an off-axis levelling procedure a height map of the substrate is generated at a measurement station. The height map is referenced to a physical reference surface of the substrate table. The physical reference surface may be a surface in which is inset a transmission image sensor. At the exposure station the height of the physical reference surface is measured and related to the focal plane of the projection lens. The height map can then be used to determine the optimum height and/or tilt of substrate table to position the exposure area on the substrate in best focus during exposure. The same principles can be applied to (reflective) masks.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water from an industrial process for producing propylene oxide, which process involves the steps of: (a) subjecting the waste water to a multi-effect evaporation treatment resulting in a vaporous top fraction and a liquid bottom fraction containing the non-volatile contaminants; and (b) condensing at least part of the vaporous top fraction into a liquid stream which is subject to a stripping treatment resulting in an overhead stream containing volatile waste organic material and purified water as the liquid bottom stream.

Abstract: The bipolar transistor comprises a collector region (1) of a semiconductor material having a first doping type, a base region (2) of a semiconductor material having a second doping type, and an emitter region (3) having the first doping type. A junction is present between the emitter region (3) and the base region (2), and, viewed from the junction (4), a depletion region (5) extends into the emitter region (3). The emitter region (3) comprises a layer (6) of a first semiconductor material and a layer (7) of a second semiconductor material.

Abstract: An amplifier topology that combines the use of chopping and chopper stabilization, and may include auto-zeroing to achieve this very low offset. The use of choppers guarantees a very low offset, and moreover, eliminates the so-called 1/f noise. Chopper stabilization is used to avoid the so-called chopper noise associated with chopper amplifiers. The auto-zeroing technique may be used to improve the performance of the chopper-stabilization circuitry. Various exemplary embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Constant GM models and GM-controlled current-isolated indirect-feedback instrumentation amplifiers. The constant GM models provide a transconductance that is proportional to the inverse of a resistance in the constant GM model circuits over a wide range of common mode and differential mode inputs. Current-isolated indirect-feedback instrumentation amplifiers using constant GM models to track the common mode and differential inputs of, and provide the tail currents for, the differential input pair in the transconductance amplifiers greatly enhance the instrumentation amplifier performance in numerous ways.

Abstract: The bipolar transistor comprises a collector region (1) of a semiconductor material having a first doping type, a base region (2) of a semiconductor material having a second doping type, and an emitter region (3) having the first doping type. A junction is present between the emitter region (3) and the base region (2), and, viewed from the junction (4), a depletion region (5) extends into the emitter region (3). The emitter region (3) comprises a layer (6) of a first semiconductor material and a layer (7) of a second semiconductor material.

Abstract: A method of and a device (100) for rendering a content item containing at least one advertisement. After confirming that the user has actively observed the at least one advertisement, the user is awarded a credit for said observing. If the user collects enough credits, he is given access to additional content material associated with the content item in return for a number of awarded credits. The credits are invalidated when rendering of the content item is complete. This gives users an incentive to collect a sufficient number of credits to access the additional content material before it is too late.

Abstract: The bipolar transistor comprises a collector region (1) of a semiconductor material with a first doping type, an emitter region (2) with a first doping type, and a base region (3) of a semiconductor material with a second doping type, opposite to the first doping type, which base region is arranged between the emitter region (2) and the collector region (1), and a semiconductor area (4) extending between the collector region (1) and the base region (3).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of styrene or substituted styrenes that includes the steps of: subjecting a feed containing 1-phenyl ethanol or substituted 1-phenyl ethanol to a dehydration treatment in the presence of a dehydration catalyst; subjecting the resulting product stream to a separation treatment, thus obtaining a stream containing styrene or substituted styrene and a residual fraction containing heavy ends; and converting at least part of these heavy ends to styrene or substituted styrenes by subjecting a stream containing these heavy ends to a cracking treatment in the presence of an acidic cracking catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a TV signal receiver (5) having a first input terminal (7) for receiving a first input signal, a first unit (11) for deriving a first TV signal from the first input signal, a second unit (xx) for supplying a second TV signal. A signal combination unit (19) replaces in response to a first control signal at least a part of the first TV signal by the second TV signal so as to obtain a composite TV signal. The composite TV signal is supplied to an output terminal. Control signal generator means (25) are provided for generating the first control signal. The TV signal receiver further comprises a storage device (17) for storing and reading the first TV signal so as to enable to delay the first TV signal prior to submitting the first TV signal to the signal combination unit, the storage device being adapted to suspend reading the first TV signal in response to the first control signal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing biodegradable products with a blown foamy structure, wherein a mass comprising at least natural polymers such as starch is passed under pressure into or through a mould and the mass is heated in the mould in a manner such as to give rise to at least cross-linking of natural polymers, while the mass prior to the introduction into the mould has a temperature which is below the gelatinization temperature and in the mould is brought at least to the baking temperature.

Abstract: A device for placing a work line into a space that is normally difficult-to-reach, comprising a tubular handle having a locally terminated distal end and a hand-gripped slingshot attached to a butt end of the handle. A spool of a pull line attaches to the handle. The spool is selectively operated for freely releasing the pull line from the spool and for rewinding the pull line onto the spool for pulling a work line into a remote space which is difficult to reach. A weight attached to the free end of the pull line is fired by the slingshot into the difficult-to-reach space to move the pull line thereinto. A work line is secured to the pull line and pulled into the difficult-to-reach space. Embodiments of a traveller for connecting the pull line to the work line and for guiding the engagement of the pull line and the work line upwardly into and through an upper portion of a tree.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for determining the direction and speed of an air flow, comprising a chip which is provided with two mutually perpendicularly positioned pairs of measuring circuits placed at a distance opposite each other, optionally four heating elements in positions coinciding with the measuring circuits and a control circuit, which chip is fixed onto a substrate, characterized in that the mounting between chip and substrate is substantially homogeneous and preferably effected by gluing. The chip is for instance accommodated in a housing of conducting material. The device can contain in addition to the measuring chip a reference chip without heating elements which is embodied in substantially identical manner and which is shielded from the measuring chip by an insulator.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an injection molded article on a surface on which a label is arranged and a device for manufacturing the injection molded article on the surface of which the label is arranged are disclosed. In the disclosed method, an injection mold is provided having two mold halves together defining a mold cavity in a closed situation. The mold cavity has a form that corresponds to a form of the injection molded article. A label is placed in the mold cavity in an open situation. The label is electrostatically charged such that it adheres electrostatically to a wall of the mold cavity. The mold cavity is closed, and a heated and thus plasticized plastic is injected into the closed mold cavity. The mold is opened after cooling and the article is removed from the mold cavity. The disclosed device includes a carrier for carrying and electrically charging the label at the moment it contacts the wall of the open mold cavity.

Abstract: Layout analysis is used in operating a digital reproduction apparatus. The device automatically segments the digital image dot data corresponding to a document image to be reproduced, to determine layout elements of the document. This is shown on a display. An operator can now select a specific layout element, such as a text column, by indicating it, and instruct the image processing unit of the apparatus to process only that element. The processing operations include color printing, gradation changing, moving and enlargement/reduction.