Abstract: A method of direct reduction of metal oxides that includes catalytic reforming of hydrocarbonaceous gas in a reformer to obtain reformer gas, obtaining at least one precursor gas based on the reformer gas, preparing a reduction gas by heating the at least one precursor gas by means of electrical energy, at least a portion of the electrical energy being introduced by means of plasma.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle (20) includes: an input shaft (122) for connection to an internal combustion engine (52) of the vehicle (20); a gear (605) shaft (122, 199, 400A, 400B) selectively operatively connected to the input shaft (122); a clutch selectively actuatable to transmit motion between the input shaft (122) and the gear (605) shaft (122, 199, 400A, 400B) for selectively operating the transmission in one of a plurality of transmission gears (600); an output shaft (740) operatively connected to the gear (605) shaft (122, 199, 400A, 400B) at least in part by the transmission gears (600); and a transmission housing (102) at least partly enclosing the input shaft (122), the transmission gears (600), the clutch and the output shaft (740). An internal dividing wall (506, 510) defines first and second chambers (350A, 502), the internal dividing wall (506, 510) being configured to limit flow of transmission fluid between the first and second chambers (350A, 502).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a vehicle includes: an oil tank defining an oil reservoir; a pump to pump oil from the oil reservoir to lubricate parts of the engine; and a cyclonic separator disposed within the oil tank and configured to separate gas from oil received therein, the cyclonic separator defining an internal separator chamber for circulation of oil therein, the cyclonic separator comprising: a vortex forming portion configured to cause oil flowing therethrough within the internal separator chamber to define a spiral path in order to separate at least part of a gas content therefrom; an oil inlet for receiving oil into the internal separator chamber, the oil inlet being fluidly connected to the pump; an oil outlet for discharging oil from the internal separator chamber and into the oil reservoir of the oil tank; and a gas outlet for discharging gas from the internal separator chamber.

Abstract: An engine assembly for a vehicle incorporating an internal combustion engine including an exhaust manifold to discharge exhaust gases, a turbocharger coupled to the exhaust manifold via a coupling conduit to receive the discharged exhaust gases to drive the turbocharger to produce compressed air delivered to the engine, and a heat shield. The heat shield configured with a first layer including an upper section to cover the engine exhaust manifold and a lower section to cover a portion of the turbocharger, the heat shield first layer upper and lower sections configured to conform to general shapes of the engine exhaust manifold and turbocharger surfaces, respectively, and a second layer configured with a curved shape profile to cover the heat shield first layer upper and lower sections in which the heat shield second layer is spaced apart from the first layer upper and lower sections by an air gap.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a vehicle includes: an oil tank defining an oil reservoir; a pump to pump oil from the oil reservoir to lubricate parts of the engine; and a cyclonic separator disposed within the oil tank and configured to separate gas from oil received therein, the cyclonic separator defining an internal separator chamber for circulation of oil therein, the cyclonic separator comprising: a vortex forming portion configured to cause oil flowing therethrough within the internal separator chamber to define a spiral path in order to separate at least part of a gas content therefrom; an oil inlet for receiving oil into the internal separator chamber, the oil inlet being fluidly connected to the pump; an oil outlet for discharging oil from the internal separator chamber and into the oil reservoir of the oil tank; and a gas outlet for discharging gas from the internal separator chamber.

Abstract: A process for steel production that includes: production of sponge iron from iron oxide-containing starting material by direct reduction with reduction gas, wherein the reduction gas has at least 20% by volume of hydrogen H2, and production of an iron melt having a carbon content of 1-5% by mass from the sponge iron. Sponge iron is subjected to a treatment that includes: energy input and addition of additives to produce a melt and a slag, wherein the energy input is effected substantially from electricity and wherein the slag has a basicity B2 of less than 1.3, preferably less than 1.25, particularly preferably less than 1.2, adjustment of the carbon content in the melt, reduction of at least a sub-amount of the iron oxides present in the sponge iron The slag is separated during and/or after the treatment.

Abstract: A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine has: a turbine comprising a turbine wheel, the turbine wheel having a plurality of turbine blades, the turbine wheel rotating about a turbine axis; and a compressor having a compressor wheel, the compressor wheel being operatively connected to and driven by the turbine wheel, the compressor wheel rotating about a compressor axis, the compressor wheel comprising a plurality of compressor blades, the compressor wheel defining a plurality of passages, each passage of the plurality of passages having a front end opened in a front of the compressor wheel and a rear end opened in a rear of the compressor wheel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the direct reduction of oxidic iron carrier particles to a reduction product in a fluidized bed through which a reduction gas containing 30-100 mol % hydrogen H2 flows in crossflow. At least 90% by mass of oxidic iron carrier particles introduced into the fluidized bed have a particle size of less than or equal to 200 micrometers. The superficial velocity U of the reduction gas flowing through the fluidized bed is set between 0.05 m/s and 1 m/s such that, for the particle size d equal to d30 of the oxidic iron carrier particles introduced into the fluidized bed, it is above the theoretical suspension velocity Ut and is less than or equal to Umax.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the direct reduction of oxidic iron carrier particles to a reduction product in a fluidized bed through which a reduction gas containing 30-100 mol % hydrogen H2 flows in crossflow. At least 90% by mass of oxidic iron carrier particles introduced into the fluidized bed have a particle size of less than or equal to 200 micrometers. The superficial velocity U of the reduction gas flowing through the fluidized bed is set between 0.05 m/s and 1 m/s such that, for the particle size d equal to d30 of the oxidic iron carrier particles introduced into the fluidized bed, it is above the theoretical suspension velocity Ut and is less than or equal to Umax.

Abstract: Process for the direct reduction of metal oxides (2) using a reduction gas, which is based on at least one precursor gas, wherein at least one precursor gas (15, 22) is based on reformer gas obtained by catalytic reforming of hydrocarbon-containing gas (4) in a reformer (3), and in the preparation of the reduction gas at least one precursor gas based on reformer gas is heated up by means of electrical energy.

Abstract: A method for producing liquid pig iron (1), includes reducing iron-oxide-containing feed materials (2) to form a partially reduced first iron product (3) in a first reduction system (4), introducing the partially reduced first iron product (3), a first oxygen-containing gas (9, 9a), and a first carbon carrier (10) into a melter gasifier (11), introducing a second gaseous and/or liquid carbon carrier (13) and a second oxygen-containing gas (9b) into a mixing region (18) within the melter gasifier (11) above the fixed bed of the melter gasifier, mixing the second gaseous and/or liquid carbon carrier (13) with the second oxygen-containing gas (9b) in the mixing region (18), wherein the combustion air ratio is set in the range of 0.2 to 0.4, preferably between 0.3 and 0.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for treating process water which is loaded with gaseous compounds and/or possibly with solids and comes from a wet-cleaning installation for cleaning process gas, e.g., from a melt-reduction subassembly or from a direct-reduction subassembly. Process water is introduced in a tank in a first process stage and degassed on the basis of reduced solubility of the dissolved compounds. The tank has, on its upper side, a gas-collecting chamber, in which the separated-off gases are collected and from which these are discharged. Likewise, the treated process water is discharged from the tank via a drainage means.

Abstract: A melter gasifier of a smelting reduction installation is charged by bringing together coal -containing material in lump form and iron carrier material (which may be hot) before and/or while they enter the melter gasifier. The ratio of the combined amounts of iron carrier material and coal-containing material in lump form is variable. The combined amounts of iron carrier material and coal-containing material in lump form are distributed over the cross section of the melter gasifier by a dynamic distributing device, and the ratio of the combined amounts of the iron carrier material and coal-containing material in lump form is set depending on the position of the dynamic distributing device.

Abstract: A melting reduction assembly (1) has a melting gasification zone, including a packed bed (4) formed by solid carbon carriers and ferrous input materials, the zone has a lower section for receiving liquid pig iron (6) or raw steel material and liquid slag (7), a tap (9) for liquid slag and liquid pig iron. A plurality of oxygen nozzles (5) supplies oxygen. The nozzles are in at least two nozzle planes arranged spaced apart from each other and parallel in the vertical direction and horizontally distributed over the circumstances of the shell (10) of the melting reduction assembly (1) and arranged offset to each other in their respective nozzle planes.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for producing liquid pig iron or liquid primary steel products from charge materials formed by iron ores and additions. The charge materials are subjected to a further reduction in a reducing zone (1) and are then fed to a smelting zone or a smelting unit (2), in particular a fusion gasifier, for smelting with the addition of carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas to form a fixed bed. A CO- and H2-containing reduction gas is formed, which gas is introduced into the reducing zone converted there and drawn off as top gas. The hot top gas, laden with solid matter, after separation of the solids, is subjected at least to a dry coarse separation and at least parts of the hot solids segregated by the separation are returned into the smelting zone or the smelting unit (2) or the reducing unit (1). In addition, the top gas is treated in a further fine separation stage (13A).

Abstract: A method for producing moldings, in particular briquettes, from fine-grained to medium-grained mixed material using organic binders. In a first stage, the mixed material is heated to a temperature necessary for the molding operation. In a second, atmospherically separate stage, mixing of the mixed material with binder is performed, as well as downstream steps of the process. The method allows hazardous emissions to be avoided.

Abstract: A method and a system for generating steam using the waste gases from plants for pig iron manufacture: waste gas removed as export gas (12) from the plant for pig iron manufacture is thermally utilized by combustion, and the waste gas from the combustion is fed to a heat-recovery steam generator (29). To utilize more energy from the export gas (12) for power generation, the export gas (12) is fed into a combustion chamber (23) located upstream of the heat-recovery steam generator (29), and after the combustion in the heat-recovery steam generator (29), heat is extracted from the export gas (12) without the export gas (12) passing through a gas turbine between combustion and heat-recovery steam generator. The pressure in the combustion chamber (23) and heat-recovery steam generator (29) are set above atmospheric pressure by means of a gas flow regulator (31) that is located downstream of the heat-recovery steam generator (29).

Abstract: Apparatus for production of metal sponge or pig iron from metal oxide containing material in piece form using a reduction gas. A reduction reactor shaft (1); reduction gas inlet lines into the interior of the reduction reactor shaft (1); a reduction gas channel body (11) passes through the interior of the reduction reactor shaft (1) for distributing reduction gas; a reduction gas supply line for reduction gas and located below the reduction gas channel body (11) at at least one inner-wall end of the reduction gas channel body (11). The reduction gas channel body (11) has a carrier tube through which a cooling medium can flow. A first portion of the reduction gas is introduced into the bed by reduction gas inlet lines which end in the interior of the reduction reactor shaft. A second portion of the reduction gas is distributed into the bed by the reduction gas channel body.

Abstract: Process for producing a briquette containing carbon carriers (2): mixing the carbon carriers (2) together with a binder system (3) with introduction of steam and the mixture obtained is pressed to form briquettes. At least one of drying carbon carriers (2), setting the temperature of the carbon carriers (2) to be mixed with the binder system before mixing or heat treating the briquettes after pressing by direct or indirect interaction with superheated steam. Waste steam is at least part of the steam introduced during mixing. An apparatus for carrying out such a process has such interaction with steam, from which a waste steam conduit leads and opens directly or indirectly into the mixing device.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed for automatically evaluating a delivery system in respect of the energy efficiency and emissions efficiency thereof. The method may include: determining a service level for the delivery system according to an energy intensity and an evaluation relevance of the particular delivery system, detecting energy data and emissions data of the delivery system corresponding to the determined service level of the delivery system, and calculating at least one indicator based on the detected energy data and emissions data and/or based on data for the energy management and environmental management of the delivery system for evaluating the delivery system with respect to the energy efficiency and emissions efficiency thereof.