Abstract: A method for loading a pourable material in a container, the material being supplied by gravity forces through a channel which is arranged in the opening of the container. In order to obtain a desired material distribution in the container, the material, a little bit before the passage thereof through the opening, i.e. inside the channel, is exposed to forces modifying the displacement direction of the material given by the channel and the gravity forces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an associated apparatus for producing metals and/or primary metal products, in particular pig iron and/or primary pig iron products, in which a metal-containing charge material, in particular in fine particle form, is introduced, using pneumatic conveying, by means of a carrier gas stream, in the form of a stream of medium formed from the charge material and the carrier gas stream, into a melting unit, in particular a melter gasifier, for further processing. According to the invention, the charge material is introduced after the carrier gas stream has been separated off and separately at at least two introduction points, so that at least two partial quantities of the charge material can be introduced independently of one another and continuously or in stacked form.

Abstract: To distribute charging material evenly in an enclosure such as a furnace or reactor to ensure its best operation, a charging material distribution inside the enclosure 30 of the furnace is used. It has a movable charging device 4 in the form of a spout through which the charging material is fed into the enclosure. The distribution device is small in size and light in weight. It has a moveable charging device 4 in the form of a spout which is suspended on a gimbal suspension 2 on a fixed charging device, which is in the form of a chute 3 inside the enclosure.

Abstract: A method for loading a pourable material in a container, the material being supplied by gravity forces through a channel which is arranged in the opening of the container. In order to obtain a desired material distribution in the container, the material, a little bit before the passage thereof through the opening, i.e. inside the channel, is exposed to forces modifying the displacement direction of the material given by the channel and the gravity forces.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular iron ore which has been at least partially prereduced, onto an extensive surface, in particular onto a fixed bed, this surface extending within a reactor or vessel used in physical or chemical process technology, in particular in a reactor used in a metallurgical plant to produce pig iron or primary steel products, and the lumpy bulk material being charged via at least one charging apparatus, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, chutes, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular iron ore which has been at least partially prereduced, onto an extensive surface, in particular onto a fixed bed, this surface extending within a reactor or vessel used in physical or chemical process technology, in particular in a reactor used in a metallurgical plant to produce pig iron or primary steel products, and the lumpy bulk material being charged via at least one charging apparatus, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, chutes, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products in a blast furnace, CO2 being substantially removed from at least a partial stream of a top gas emerging from a reduction shaft furnace (1), and this partial stream if appropriate being heated and being introduced into the blast furnace as reduction gas, and to a plant for carrying out this process, the top gas being introduced into the lower region of the blast-furnace shaft. This measure results in an improved energy balance and improved process management compared to the prior art.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products in a blast furnace, CO2 being substantially removed from at least a partial stream of a top gas emerging from a reduction shaft furnace (1), and this partial stream if appropriate being heated and being introduced into the blast furnace as reduction gas, and to a plant for carrying out this process, the top gas being introduced into the lower region of the blast-furnace shaft. This measure results in an improved energy balance and improved process management compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A method is for feeding a gas into a metallurgical vessel having a condensable and/or evaporable component entrained by the gas. The gas is fed to the metallurgical vessel via one or more gas supply means. According to the method, if there are a number of the gas supply means, in a first section, the gas velocity is continuously increased, in a turbulence zone, the gas is intimately mixed with the condensable and/or evaporable component, in an exit section, the gas velocity is kept substantially constant, and the gas which has been intimately mixed with the entrained component is blown into the metallurgical vessel. A gas supply device for carrying out the method is also disclosed. The method and apparatus according t the invention make it possible to prevent or reduce nozzle damage.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing a fixed bed in a metallurgical unit, preferably for producing pig iron or primary steel products from iron-containing charge materials, in particular in a melted gasifier, in which a lumpy bulk material, which contains ore-containing and carbon-containing constituents, prereduced iron ore, preferably sponge iron, and preferably lumpy, coal, is charged onto a surface. Through mixing of the ore-containing constituent with the carbon-containing constituent of the bulk material takes place. The entire ore-containing constituent is charged onto an active circumferential or peripheral region of the fixed bed, at which the thorough, preferably uniform mixing of the ore-containing constituent with the carbon-containing constituent of the bulk material takes place preferably outward of the center. A device scatters the stream of bulk material aver the surface and less of the material is scattered at the center, so that heavier grain lumps segregate themselves toward the center.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular iron ore which has been at least partially prereduced, onto an extensive surface, in particular onto a fixed bed, this surface extending within a reactor or vessel used in physical or chemical process technology, in particular in a reactor used in a metallurgical plant to produce pig iron or primary steel products, and the lumpy bulk material being charged via at least one charging apparatus, which has at least two, in particular rotationally symmetrical, chutes, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor.

Abstract: A description is given of a method of optimizing the design and operation of a reduction process for iron-containing charge materials (3), preferably in lump form, in a reduction shaft (1) to which reduction gas (9) is fed, for example from a fusion gasifier (6), with a reduced product (13), for example iron sponge, being taken from the reduction shaft (1) for the production of liquid pig iron or liquid primary steel products, in which method the reduction process is described by means of a mathematical-physical-chemical process model, the reduction shaft (1) is modelled multi-dimensionally, in particular three-dimensionally, and the process model is numerically evaluated and the results of the evaluation, obtained as multi-dimensional, in particular spatial, distributions of physical or chemical variables, are taken into account for the reduction process. This allows the reduction process to be quantitatively assessed in the entire reduction shaft and, as a result, the reduction process can be optimized.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for producing liquid pig iron or primary steel products from iron-containing material in lump form in a fusion gasifier (1), in which, with lump coal and oxygen-containing gas being fed in, and with simultaneous formation of a reduction gas, the iron-containing material is fused, lump coal being fed to the fusion gasifier (1) from above and, together with the iron-containing material, forming a fixed bed (6) in the fusion gasifier (1) and thereby giving off its fraction of volatile hydrocarbons into the dome space (11) located above the fixed bed (6), and pulverized-fuel burners (15) being directed obliquely from above towards the surface of the fixed bed (6). The operation of the pulverized-fuel burners (15) is in this case controlled in such a way that the combustion of the carbon fraction of the carbon carriers in fine particle form takes place in a proportion of at least 40% to form CO2.

Abstract: In a method for producing a hot CO- and H2-containing reducing gas serving for the reduction of fine-grained metal ore, in particular iron ore, the reducing gas is formed in a gasification zone by a gasification of carbon carriers, in particular coal, taking place under the supply of oxygen and subsequently is cooled down to a reducing-gas temperature favorable to the reduction process. In order to produce a thermodynamically more stable reducing gas, the reducing gas by the addition of H2O and/or CO2—in order to prevent the Boudouard and heterogeneous water-gas reaction and a resultant heating of the reducing gas—is converted to a reducing gas that is thermodynamically more stable at the reducing-gas temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shaft furnace (1), in particular a direct-reduction shaft furnace, having a bed (2) of lumpy material, in particular lumpy material containing iron oxide and/or iron sponge, having worm conveyors (3) which penetrate through the shell of the shaft furnace for discharging the lumpy material from the shaft furnace (1), which conveyors are arranged above the base area of the shaft furnace (1) and are mounted in the shell of the shaft furnace.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot CO- and H2-containing reducing gas utilized for the reduction of lumpy metal ore, in particular iron ore, which comprises forming the reducing gas in a gasification zone by the gasification of carbon carriers, in particular coal, taking place in the presence of a supply of oxygen and subsequently cooling the reducing gas down to a reducing-gas temperature favorable to the reduction process, wherein H2O and/or CO2 is added to a reducing gas which has been subjectged to a cooling operation that does not effect an addition of H2O/CO2 in order to prevent the Boudouard and heterogeneous water-gas reaction and a resultant heating of the reducing gas, wherein the reducing gas is converted to a reducing gas that is thermodynamically more stable at the reducing-gas temperature.

Abstract: With a method for producing liquid metal from charging substances containing ore and of fluxes, the ore is directly reduced to sponge metal in at least one reduction zone (5, 7, 8), the sponge metal is melted along with fluxes in a melt-down gasifying zone (11) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas. A CO- and H2-containing process gas serving as a reducing gas is produced, fed into the reduction zone (5, 7, 8), reacted there, and subsequently withdrawn, wherein slagforming fluxes, in particular calcium carbonate, dolomite etc., gas are calcined by the process gas in a calcining zone (26′) that is separate from the reduction zone (5, 7, 8) and melt-down zone (11). To be able to employ slagforming fluxes of any desired grain and without disturbances of the reduction process, the calcining zone (26′) is connected in parallel to the reduction zone (5, 7, 8) with respect to the material flow and the calcined fluxes are fed into the melter gasifier (10) directly.