Abstract: There is provided an apparatus including receiving, at a second node, a signal including contributions of at least one backscatter signal and at least one further signal, the at least one backscatter signal being transmitted by a respective at least one passive device in response to a first node transmitting a first signal to the at least one passive device; isolating the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal from the at least one further signal; and based on the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal, determining, by the second node, one or more parameters associated with the respective at least one passive device.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving downlink positioning signals from each of a plurality of communication nodes of a mobile communication system at a user device of the mobile communication system, wherein each downlink positioning signal is received from a downlink beam direction for the respective communication node; determining an angle of arrival and/or a time of arrival for each of the received downlink positioning signals; and determining an uplink positioning signal beam configuration based, at least in part, on the determined angle of arrival and/or the determined time of arrival for said received downlink positioning signals.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices and computer readable media for adaptive configuration of multistatic harmonic tag backscatter. A network device transmits, to an illuminator for a passive tag, a request for transmitting an activation signal to a passive tag at a primary frequency and a first transmission power. The network device receives, from the illuminator, information about a harmonic frequency of a harmonic of the activation signal back-scattered from the passive tag, a received level of the harmonic and a distance between the illuminator and the passive tag. The network device selects at least one reader for the passive tag. The network device configures the illuminator to transmit the activation signal to the passive tag at the primary frequency. The network device configures the at least one reader to receive the harmonic of the activation signal at the harmonic frequency.

Abstract: A method comprises: determining, from an indication that an initial uplink beam between a user equipment and a network node is misaligned with respect to a downlink beam between the network node and the user equipment, at least one misalignment angle between the initial uplink beam and the downlink beam; and reconfiguring the uplink beam based on the misalignment angle to produce a reconfigured uplink beam.

Abstract: An apparatus (e.g. a user device), method and computer program is described to perform steps including: receiving at a user device, while the user device in is an inactive, unconnected or idle mode, a paging message for positioning determination from one or more of a plurality of network nodes in a radio network; and transmitting, a same group channel preamble message dedicated for positioning determination, to a group of network nodes which are selected by the user device, wherein the same group channel preamble message which being a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble message, is transmitted under a single random access channel occasion (RO).

Abstract: An apparatus, method and comprising device is described, comprising: in response to receiving, at a user device, a positioning message from one or more of a plurality of network nodes, selecting a first network node from the plurality of network nodes, wherein the first network node is selected based on determining that highest transmission power is required for transmission of a channel preamble message to said first network node in comparison with transmission to other ones of the plurality of network nodes; determining a first group of network nodes from the plurality of network nodes, wherein the first group of network nodes are suitable for receiving a first group channel preamble message from the user device during a same random access channel occasion as that of the first network node; and transmitting the first group channel preamble message to the first group of network nodes at a first random access channel occasion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining a first positioning reference signal configuration from at least a first serving access node (330) and a first neighbour access node (320) comprised in a first network, wherein the apparatus (310) is associated with a first network subscription to the first network, determining first positioning information by receiving a first positioning reference signal based on the obtained first positioning reference signal configuration, obtaining a second positioning reference signal configuration from a second serving access node (360) and a second neighbour access node (350) in a second network, wherein the apparatus is further associated with a second network subscription to the second network, determining second positioning information by receiving a second positioning information reference signal based on the obtained second positioning reference signals, estimating clock frequency difference between the first network and the second network and determining an offset betwe

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: determining, using a first passive module, whether one or more of a first plurality of frequency ranges is occupied, wherein each of the first plurality of frequency ranges has one of a first set of one or more bandwidths; determining, using a second passive module, whether one or more of a second plurality of frequency ranges is occupied, wherein each of the second plurality of frequency ranges has one of a second set of one or more bandwidths, and wherein a smallest bandwidth amongst the second set of bandwidths is larger than a largest bandwidth amongst the first set of bandwidths; and triggering an active module in the event that one or more of the first plurality of frequency ranges is determined to be occupied and none of said second plurality of frequency ranges is determined to be occupied, wherein the active module comprises a radio detector for detecting a target waveform.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for a first terminal device. The apparatus is configured to perform the following. The apparatus transmits (301) a first uplink reference signal at a first transmission time instance measured according to a local reference clock of the first terminal device. The apparatus applies (302) a frequency shift to a frequency of the local reference clock at a frequency-shift time instance measured according to the local reference clock and following the first transmission time instance. Based on the first transmission time instance, a second transmission time instance for an upcoming transmission of a second uplink reference signal, the frequency shift and the frequency-shift time instance, the apparatus calculates (303) a shift of transmission timing for the upcoming transmission.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for a radio frequency front end of a beamforming transmitter or transceiver. The apparatus comprises a dual-polarized antenna element (222) for reception of electromagnetic waves transmitted by an antenna array (221) of the radio frequency front end and subsequently reflected from at least one obstruction. The dual-polarized antenna element comprises first and second feed points (223, 224) for reception of a first polarization and of a second polarization. The apparatus further comprises a switch for switching between reception of the first polarization via the first feed point and the second polarization via the second feed point.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program is described comprising: obtaining samples of received positioning information from each of a plurality of channels; identifying one or more of said channels as benchmark channels; determining a benchmark channel response representative of channel propagation conditions for the or each benchmark channel; generating a common benchmark channel response based on said benchmark channel responses; estimating channel responses for some or all non-benchmark channels; modifying positioning information samples of at least some of the non-benchmark channels to generate corrected positioning information samples; and combining the positioning information samples of said one or more benchmark channels and the one or more corrected positioning information samples to generate combined positioning information samples.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: receiving (305) information relating to a power level of a radio beam received by an antenna array, analysing (310) a radio beam power profile associated with the antenna array, determining (315), based on the radio beam power profile, a characteristic of a radio channel, calculating (320), based on the characteristic, an optimum radio beam gain of the antenna array, and estimating (325) a link budget based on the optimum radio beam gain of the antenna array and the information relating to the power level of the radio beam received by the antenna array.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for dynamic antenna array angular phase deviation compensation for broad beam positioning. For example, certain embodiments may provide for multi-round trip time (multi-RTT) positioning where a user equipment (UE) may report time of departure (TOD) compensation values to a serving gNB and/or location management function (LMF). The LMF may calibrate the RTT computation with the received TOD compensation values. As another example, certain embodiments may provide for uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) positioning where an LMF may signal calculated assistance information to the UE to request time of departure TOD compensation values. The UE may report the TOD compensation values to a location management function (LMF), and the LMF may compensate initial relative time of arrival (RTOA) estimates using the TOD compensation values.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for asset tracking joint sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission. A location management network node may send a positioning failure message to a serving network node. The serving network node may group devices if one or more criteria are met. When one or more of the devices can be grouped, the serving network node may assign and distribute, to devices, a multi-tag-SRS sequence identifier that may be used by the devices in the group. The serving network node may compute and send, to the devices in the group, a multi-tag-SRS transmit configuration. The devices may perform a joint SRS transmission. The location management network node may compute a location of a centroid for the group of devices associated with the reported metric.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of methods and apparatuses for positioning user equipment (UE). A method for positioning UE may comprise calculating expected receiving time differences between respective expected times for the UE to receive positioning reference signals (PRSs) from a plurality of neighbor base stations respectively and an expected time for the UE to receive a PRS from a reference base station, determining a PRS timing offset to at least partially compensate for the expected receiving time difference of at least one of the plurality of neighbor base stations, and sending the PRS timing offset to the at least one of the plurality of neighbor base stations.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to updating positioning assistance configuration. A first device transmits a first request for updating a current positioning assistance configuration of the first device to a second device. The first device is in a radio resource control inactive mode, and the current positioning assistance configuration is used by the first device to receive a plurality of positioning reference signals from a plurality of positioning devices. Further, the first device receives a first response comprising a requested positioning assistance data for updating the current positioning assistance configuration from the second device. In this way, the first device can maintain being in a power saving mode meanwhile update the positioning assistance configuration in time.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for beam steering is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a beam forming signal generator configured to generate a beam forming signal for applying to at least one of amplitude and phase shift circuitry associated with an antenna array to provide a radiation pattern. A determining means is provided that is configured to determine a signal strength of interfering signals received at the antenna array within a user equipment and to determine a dominant interfering ratio indicative of a strength of a strongest interfering signal relative to a strength of other interfering signals. A comparator is provided that is configured to compare the dominant interfering ratio to a predetermined ratio value and where the dominant interfering ratio exceeds the predetermined ratio value to generate a control signal for controlling the beam forming signal generator to generate a radiation pattern comprising a beam and at least one steered null.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for triggering a user equipment beam reconfiguration procedure are disclosed. The method comprises: receiving, at a user equipment, channel parameters relating an uplink channel and a downlink channel; determining, at the user equipment, from the channel parameters whether there is a mismatch in uplink channel and downlink channel performance and, if so; triggering, at the user equipment, a user equipment beam reconfiguration procedure.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: providing (305) at least one single-polarized radio beam in a first direction, receiving (310) feedback for modifying operation of a terminal device for maintaining a radio connection, determining (315), in response to receiving the feedback, a first radio beam and a second radio beam, wherein the first radio beam and the second radio beam are single-polarized, providing (320) the first radio beam in the first direction and the second radio beam in a second direction and determining (325), based on the feedback relating to the first radio beam and the second radio beam, a need for reconfiguration of a following transmission of the first radio beam and the second beam.

Abstract: An apparatus, which comprises at least one antenna array comprising a plurality of array elements having cross-polarized coupled branches, is configured to adjust at least its uplink beam steering direction by measuring (301), while transmitting a combined uplink signal via the plurality of the an-ay elements as individual signals forming the combined uplink signal, per an array element, first signal on an unused branch of the array element, and using the first signal and reference information in the memory to adjust if needed, at least one beam steering setting.