Abstract: Apparatus and methods for apparatus positioning are provided. Solution comprises monitoring relative vertical movement of an apparatus utilising repeated readings of a barometric sensor; comparing monitored relative movement to a given threshold and determining whether the vertical position of the apparatus is changed or unchanged based on the comparison and controlling calculation of the position of the apparatus based on the determination.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements configured for receiving multiple input multiple output (MIMO) signals. The antenna array comprises at least a first subpart of the antenna array comprising a first subsection of the plurality of antenna elements. A second subpart of the antenna array comprises a second subsection of the plurality of antenna elements. An alignment of the antenna elements in the second subpart deviates substantially by 30°-60° from an alignment of the antenna elements in the first subpart.

Abstract: To facilitate positioning a user device, the user device is configured to measure, per an antenna array, reference signals received from transmission-reception points and to check, whether a downlink reference signal from a transmission-reception point is received in a serving antenna array and in one or more non-serving antenna arrays with a first delay. A non-serving antenna array receiving the signal with the first delay is an alternative antenna array to the serving antenna array. When the serving antenna array is under a maximum permissible exposure event, the user device is configured to select, which one of one or more alternative antenna arrays and the serving antenna panel is to be used for transmitting at least a positioning signal to the transmission-reception point.

Abstract: Apparatus for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency, RF, signals, particularly for a mobile radio device for a wireless communications system, particularly a cellular communications system, said apparatus comprising a primary antenna module having a first radiation pattern, at least one secondary antenna module having a second radiation pattern, which is different from said first radiation pattern, and a control unit configured to selectively activate and/or deactivate said primary antenna module and/or said at least one secondary antenna module.

Abstract: Aspects and embodiments relate to an apparatus and method for performing antenna panel management.

Abstract: Apparatus for receiving radio frequency, RF, signals, comprising at least two antenna panels, wherein each of the at least two antenna panels is configured to provide a respective received signal with an associated frequency spectrum, wherein the apparatus is configured to apply a frequency shift to at least one of the received signals such that center frequencies of at least two adjacent frequency spectra comprise a predetermined frequency distance from each other.

Abstract: A method may include determining, by a user equipment, a beam alignment reference value and a beam alignment test value; and determining, by the user equipment, based on the beam alignment reference value and the beam alignment test value, that a user equipment receive beam used by the user equipment is not aligned with a transmit beam of the base station.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer programs are provided for SRS for positioning resource overhead reduction in multi-RTT. A method for a UE includes receiving an initial configuration of a plurality of sounding reference signal for positioning resources; measuring a downlink positioning reference signal received from one or more cells; determining one or more transmission beams based on reception beams used for receipt of the downlink positioning reference signal from the one or more cells; wherein the determining of the one or more transmission beams comprises a reduction of at least one beam resource associated with a sounding reference signal for positioning; and transmitting an updated sounding reference signal for positioning configuration with information about the determined one or more transmission beams. Methods are also provided for a radio node and for an LMF.

Abstract: Improved techniques of UE local and network assisted compensation of the UE PCO impact on positioning reference signal include performing compensation of positioning measurement error by transmitting a reference signal to a proximate reference device. In some implementations, the reference signal is a wideband reference signal, and the compensation is over a wide band of frequencies. In some implementations, the positioning measurement error includes a PCO in-band variation (IBV). In such an implementation, the UE may associate a respective compensation over the wide band of frequencies with an antenna panel and/or an angle with respect to the proximate reference device (RD).

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for transmitter residual carrier frequency offset compensation. The method may include receiving, at a reference user equipment, configuration for a positioning reference measurement from a network element. The method may also include estimating a transmission carrier frequency offset of the network element based on the positioning reference measurements. The method may further include transmitting the estimated transmission carrier frequency offset in a report to the network element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer programs are provided for propagation delay compensation. A method for a UE includes receiving a configuration to provide a propagation delay notification for a propagation delay estimation; determining when the notification should be transmitted; transmitting the propagation delay notification; and determining a corresponding action based on the configuration of a relation between uplink reference signals and downlink reference signals. Methods are also provided for a radio node such as a base station.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to machine learning based digital pre-distortion for power amplifiers. A device may amplify a signal with a power amplifier and transmit the signal. The signal may be received by an internal feedback receiver of the device. The device may further comprise a first machine learning model configured to emulate an external feedback receiver and to generate an emulated feedback signal based on the internal feedback signal. The device may further comprise a second machine learning model configured to determine digital pre-distortion parameters for the power amplifier based on the emulated feedback signal. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to an apparatus and a method, where the apparatus includes circuitry configured for listening and receiving a positioning measurement request from a location server at a first point of time; circuitry configured for determining whether a set of positioning metrics need to be measured, wherein the determining is based on an output from a machine learning classifier to which channel metrics between two points of time is given as input; whether the output indicates a new measurement, circuitry configured for performing the measurement of positioning metrics from all transmission points; or if not, circuitry configured for determining which subset of transmission points needs to be measured and circuitry configured for performing the measurement of such subset of transmission points; and circuitry configured for reporting the measured positioning metrics to the location server.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a method may include receiving, by a user equipment from a serving base station, a location update request; selecting, by the user equipment, a plurality of base station transmit beams including a beam for the serving base station and a beam for each of one or more non-serving base stations; determining, by the user equipment, a beam direction of each beam of the plurality of base station transmit beams; determining angle information including an angle between beam directions of one or more pairs of beams of the plurality of base station transmit beams; and, sending, by the user equipment to the serving base station in response to the location update request, the angle information, and a beam identifier identifying the selected beam for each of the one or more non-serving base stations.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program is described comprising: obtaining reference signals received at a plurality of nodes of a communication system from a user device; generating signal signature matrices based on real and imaginary components of the obtained reference signals; and generating a first three-dimensional position estimate for the user device by applying signals based on the generated signal signature matrices to an input of a model.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for beam steering is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a beam forming signal generator configured to generate a beam forming signal for applying to at least one of amplitude and phase shift circuitry associated with an antenna array to provide a radiation pattern. A determining means is provided that is configured to determine a signal strength of interfering signals received at the antenna array within a user equipment and to determine a dominant interfering ratio indicative of a strength of a strongest interfering signal relative to a strength of other interfering signals. A comparator is provided that is configured to compare the dominant interfering ratio to a predetermined ratio value and where the dominant interfering ratio exceeds the predetermined ratio value to generate a control signal for controlling the beam forming signal generator to generate a radiation pattern comprising a beam and at least one steered null.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprising: receiving, by a user equipment of a communication network, a request from a network node to use at least two beam configurations of multiple different beam configurations for the user equipment; measuring, by the user equipment, downlink received power on at least one reference signal using the at least two beam configurations; sending, by the user equipment on an uplink, information of at least two downlink received powers and at least one reference signal using the at least two beam configurations; receiving, by the user equipment, signaling from the network node comprising an indication of beam correspondence assessment from the network node; and adjusting, by the user equipment, uplink beam with reference to a downlink beam based on the received indication of beam correspondence assessment.

Abstract: A network element estimates a position of a user equipment served by a first network and a second network. At the network element, at least one memory and computer program code are configured to, with at least one processor, cause the network element to: determine first position measurement information for the user equipment in the first network; obtain position assistance data associated with the second network, the position assistance data including at least second position measurement information for the user equipment in the second network; obtain frequency offset information and time offset information for transmissions in the first network and transmissions in the second network; and estimate a position of the user equipment based on the first position measurement information, the second position measurement information, the frequency offset information and the time offset information.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements configured for receiving multiple input multiple output (MIMO) signals. The antenna array comprises at least a first subpart of the antenna array comprising a first subsection of the plurality of antenna elements. A second subpart of the antenna array comprises a second subsection of the plurality of antenna elements. An alignment of the antenna elements in the second subpart deviates substantially by 30°-60° from an alignment of the antenna elements in the first subpart.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program is described comprising: providing a filtered transmit signal for transmission using a transmit forward path of a transmitter of a mobile communication system; receiving a receive signal using a wideband transmit feedback path of the transmitter of the mobile communication system; generating an estimate of a transfer function of the transmit forward path; and calculating a filter function for compensating for said estimated transfer function of the transmit forward path.