Abstract: A method for detecting the quantity of gas (m) supplied by a gas supply device to an antechamber of an internal combustion engine. The method includes causing a targeted disturbance (?u) of the gas quantity (m) supplied by the gas supply device, and measuring a change (?T) resulting from the target disturbance (?u) in an exhaust gas temperature (T) of an exhaust gas generated in a combustion chamber connected to the antechamber. The method includes comparing the change (?T) with a target value of the change (?Ttarget) of the exhaust gas temperature (T) to obtain a comparison, and deducing the gas quantity (m) supplied by the gas supply based on the comparison.

Abstract: A fruit press for citrus fruits may have a press head which carries out a press stroke and which may have two receiving dies arranged on both sides of a knife, and may be pivotable in opposite directions via parallel shafts between an upper receiving position and a lower pressing position for one half-fruit each. The fruit press may include two sliding guides for the half-fruits extending on both sides of the knife and following the outer orbital path of the receiving dies, and may further include punches which are associated with the press head and which, in the lower press position of the press head, cooperate with the receiving dies. The sliding guides may have flexurally elastic slideways which project into the effective region of the punches and which may be bent out into the receiving dies by the punches during the pressing stroke.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine with a controller and at least one combustion chamber and an at least one ignition amplifier associated with the combustion chamber, whereby the at least one combustion chamber, on the one hand via a feeding device for a fuel-air mixture, can be supplied with energy, and on the other hand can be supplied with energy by the associated ignition amplifier, whereby the controller is designed to change the excess-air ratio of the fuel-air mixture in a detection mode for the at least one combustion chamber, and at least one sensor is provided, whose signals can be supplied to the controller and whose signals are characteristic of the combustion event in at least one combustion chamber and that the controller is designed such that, depending on the signals supplied by at least one sensor, a representative detection signal is generated associated with a status of the at least one ignition amplifier associated with at least one combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for electrostatically scattering an abrasive grain includes applying at least one electro-conductive material to the abrasive grain. The electro-conductive material is in the form of at least one organic compound.

Abstract: A method for detecting the quantity of gas (m) which is supplied by means of a gas supply device to an antechamber of an internal combustion engine, whereby a targeted disturbance (?u) of the gas quantity (m) supplied by the gas supply device is performed and a change (?T) resulting from the target disturbance (?u) in an exhaust gas temperature (T) of an exhaust gas generated in a combustion chamber connected to the antechamber is measured, whereby, by comparison with a target value of the change (?Ttarget) of the exhaust gas temperature (T), the gas quantity (m) supplied by means of the gas supply device is deduced.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine (1) with a controller (2) and at least one combustion chamber (3) and an at least one ignition amplifier (4) associated with the combustion chamber (3), whereby the at least one combustion chamber (3), on the one hand via a feeding device (5) for a fuel-air mixture, can be supplied with energy, and on the other hand can be supplied with energy by the associated ignition amplifier (4), whereby the controller (2) is designed to change the excess-air ratio (?) of the fuel-air mixture in a detection mode for the at least one combustion chamber (3), and at least one sensor (6) is provided, whose signals can be supplied to the controller (2) and whose signals are characteristic of the combustion event in at least one combustion chamber (3) and that the controller (2) is designed such that, depending on the signals supplied by at least one sensor (6), a representative detection signal is generated associated with a status of the at least one ignition amplifier (4) associated with at least

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) having a regulating device (C) wherein an air-fuel mixture with a combustion air ratio (?) which is adjustable by the regulating device is burnt in the internal combustion engine, wherein the regulating device (C) has a power output regulating circuit adapted to adapt an actual output (Pg) of the internal combustion engine (1) to a reference power output (Pdg) of the internal combustion engine (1) by way of an adjustment of the combustion air ratio (?), and a NOx emission regulating circuit adapted by way of a functional relationship (2) to actuate actuators influencing a charge pressure as an alternative parameter for the NOx emission by the charge pressure such that a charge pressure reference value (pdim) can be set for each reference power output (Pdg) of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for estimating pressures at a gas engine using a real-time model-based observer is implemented by a pressure estimation computing device. The method includes receiving a design schema describing an intake manifold and a plurality of components associated with the gas engine, segmenting the design schema into a plurality of segments defining a plurality of sections of the gas engine, defining a fluid dynamics model associated with each of the plurality of segments, defining a plurality of interconnected elements based on the plurality of fluid dynamics models, receiving at least one pressure measurement from at least one of a plurality of sensors associated with each of the sections of the gas engine, estimating a plurality of pressure values at each section of the gas engine, and controlling fuel injection to at least one gas cylinder based on the estimated plurality of pressure values.

Abstract: Subject of the invention is a composition for oral administration comprising a beverage and beads distributed in the beverage, wherein the beads have an average diameter between 2 to 10 mm, comprise more than 50% (w/w) dietary fibres, and wherein the amount of beads in the composition is between 1 and 20 wt. %. The invention also relates to devices and uses of the composition for reducing the weight of an individual and/or preventing weight gain.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, via a first sensor, a signal representative of at least one of a manifold pressure, a manifold temperature, or a manifold mass flow rate of a manifold. The method further includes deriving, via a manifold model and the first sensor signal, a gas concentration measurement at a first manifold section of the manifold. The method additionally includes applying the gas concentration measurement during operations of an engine, wherein the manifold is fluidly coupled to the engine.

Abstract: A method for estimating pressures at a gas engine using a real-time model-based observer is implemented by a pressure estimation computing device. The method includes receiving a design schema describing an intake manifold and a plurality of components associated with the gas engine, segmenting the design schema into a plurality of segments defining a plurality of sections of the gas engine, defining a fluid dynamics model associated with each of the plurality of segments, defining a plurality of interconnected elements based on the plurality of fluid dynamics models, receiving at least one pressure measurement from at least one of a plurality of sensors associated with each of the sections of the gas engine, estimating a plurality of pressure values at each section of the gas engine, and controlling fuel injection to at least one gas cylinder based on the estimated plurality of pressure values.

Abstract: A method for detecting errors in a sensor at a gas cylinder is implemented by a pressure estimation computing device including a processor and a memory device coupled to the processor. The method includes receiving a first pressure measurement from a first sensor associated with a gas cylinder, receiving a design schema describing an intake manifold, the intake manifold included within the gas engine, segmenting the design schema into a plurality of segments, defining a fluid dynamics model associated with each of the plurality of segments, defining a plurality of interconnected 2-port elements based on the plurality of fluid dynamics models, estimating a second pressure measurement for the gas cylinder based on the plurality of interconnected 2-port elements, comparing the first pressure measurement to the second pressure measurement, and determining that the first sensor is in an anomalous state.

Abstract: A gas engine assembly includes a compressor, a combustion system, a bypass line and a control system. The control system is configured to control gas supply parameters based on a transportation delay value. The transportation delay value corresponds to a delay between a time when a gas supply control mechanism is adjusted and a time that gas having a corresponding adjustment of a gas characteristic is received at a predetermined point downstream from the gas supply control mechanism.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, via a first sensor, a signal representative of at least one of a manifold pressure, a manifold temperature, or a manifold mass flow rate of a manifold. The method further includes deriving, via a manifold model and the first sensor signal, a gas concentration measurement at a first manifold section of the manifold. The method additionally includes applying the gas concentration measurement during operations of an engine, wherein the manifold is fluidly coupled to the engine.

Abstract: An electromagnetic braking system of a power generation system includes an electrically conductive disc coupled to a rotatable shaft operatively coupled between a prime mover and a generator; a controller for receiving a status signal from the power generation system and for generating a control signal based on the status signal; and an inducting unit for applying an electromagnetic braking force on the electrically conductive disc when commanded by the control signal to regulate a rotational speed of the rotatable shaft.

Abstract: A reactive power control system is provided. The reactive power control system computes a required value for a reactive power based on a state observer method for at least one electrical element in an electrical system. The reactive power control system also generates a reactive power command based on the required value of the reactive power. The reactive power control system further transmits the reactive power command to the electrical element in the electrical system for generating the required value of reactive power to compensate for a voltage change induced by the respective electrical element in the electrical system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) having a regulating device (C) wherein an air-fuel mixture with a combustion air ratio which is adjustable by the regulating device is burnt in the internal combustion engine, wherein the regulating device (C) has: an power output regulating circuit adapted to adapt an actual output (Pg) of the internal combustion engine (1) to a reference power output (Pdg) of the internal combustion engine (1) by way of an adjustment of the lambda value (?), and an NOx emission regulating circuit adapted by way of a functional relationship (2) to actuate actuators influencing the charge pressure as an alternative parameter for the NOx emission by the charge pressure in such a way that a charge pressure reference value (pdim) can be set for each reference power output (Pdg) of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A torsional mode damping controller system is connected to a converter that drives an electrical machine mechanically connected to a train. The controller system includes an input interface configured to receive measured data related to variables of the converter or the electrical machine, and a controller connected to the input interface. The controller calculates at least one dynamic torque component along a section of a shaft of the train based on the data from the input interface, generates control data for the converter for damping a torsional oscillation in the mechanical drive train based on the at least one dynamic torque component, and sends the control data to the converter for modulating an active power exchanged between the converter and the electrical machine.

Abstract: A gas engine assembly includes a compressor, a combustion system, a bypass line and a control system. The control system is configured to control gas supply parameters based on a transportation delay value. The transportation delay value corresponds to a delay between a time when a gas supply control mechanism is adjusted and a time that gas having a corresponding adjustment of a gas characteristic is received at a predetermined point downstream from the gas supply control mechanism.

Abstract: An electromagnetic braking system of a power generation system includes an electrically conductive disc coupled to a rotatable shaft operatively coupled between a prime mover and a generator; a controller for receiving a status signal from the power generation system and for generating a control signal based on the status signal; and an inducting unit for applying an electromagnetic braking force on the electrically conductive disc when commanded by the control signal to regulate a rotational speed of the rotatable shaft.