Abstract: A turbine frame includes annular outer and inner bands with circumferentially spaced apart struts extending therebetween. Annular outer and inner liners adjoin the outer and inner bands, and a plurality of fairings surround respective ones of the struts and are joined to the liners. A plurality of circumferentially spaced apart telescopic outer and inner joints support the liners to the bands, and allow unrestrained differential thermal radial movement therebetween.

Abstract: A cigarette making machine comprises means for showering tobacco onto two suction bands 610,612 to form tobacco sub-streams of similar width on the respective bands which are then merged to form a cigarette filler stream, and includes rod-forming means for enclosing the cigarette filler stream in a continuous wrapper to form a continuous cigarette rod, and means for forming or feeding onto at least one of the sub-streams, or between the sub-streams as or just before they merge, a layer 628 of core-forming material which is narrower than each of the sub-streams and is centrally located in relation thereto, whereby the core-forming material is surrounded by tobacco in the finished cigarette rod. This invention also encompasses the feeding of additional dense-ending quantities of tobacco instead of a core-forming layer.

Abstract: A twin track cigarette making machine comprises two substantially horizontal shower channels through which tobacco is arranged to be showered onto two suction bands moving in converging directions in a substantially horizontal plane and presenting substantially vertical tobacco-receiving surfaces so as to form a cigarette filler stream on each of the suction bands, and including means for enclosing each of the filler streams (possibly after trimming) in a continuous wrapper web to form two parallel cigarette rods.

Abstract: A seal is provided between an inner flowpath and inner band of a turbine frame for confining cooling air channeled therebetween. The seal includes a frustoconical seal support and a radially outer seal ring integrally joined to a smaller diameter distal end of the support. A radially inner ring is fixedly joined to the inner band coaxially with the outer ring and is spaced radially inwardly thereof to define a gap therebetween sized for limiting leakage of cooling air from a chamber defined between the seal and inner flowpath.

Abstract: A device for applying bronze or similar powder, particularly in a cigarette making machine, uses a corona discharge wire (36) or similar conductor maintained at high voltage to establish an electrostatic field which causes powder to be attracted to prepared adhesive patches on a paper web (14). Excess powder carried by the web is removed with the assistance of vibration, which may be produced by passing the web over an ultrasound device (44) or a pulsed air mover (102). Excess powder may also be removed by an air mover (152) directing a stream of air at the surface of the web carrying the powder.

Abstract: A hopper for a cigarette making machine has a carded roller (14;52;54;60) arranged to feed a carpet of tobacco, a generally horizontally extending conveyor band (32) for receiving the tobacco from the carded roller, and means for removing the tobacco from the carded roller, for delivery onto the conveyor band, comprising an air pressure source (26;66) and one or more air passages (22;24;56;58;64;68) extending from the air pressure source for directing one or more jets of air into the tobacco to project the tobacco in a generally horizontal direction as a shower onto and along the conveyor band.

Abstract: A unit masonry fence and method for its installation. The unit masonry fence has footings, structurally rigid support posts extending upwardly from the footings and fence panels mounted over the support posts and supported by the footings. Each fence panel is made up of a beam extending generally the length of the panel and having a receptacle toward the ends thereof for receiving the support posts. A number of unit masonry courses are laid on the beam. The unit masonry courses terminate at each end with a pilaster made from pilaster masonry units laid integrally. The pilaster masonry units have a main body portion broader than the adjacent unit masonry courses and an opening extending through the body portion for receiving the support posts.

Abstract: A cigarette making machine includes a suction conveyor arranged to carry a tobacco filler stream which is substantially wider than its depth, a suction chamber situated downstream of the zone in which the filler stream is formed on the conveyor or received by the conveyor and arranged to induce an air flow through the filler stream and also along the filler stream, whereby tobacco from peaks in the filler stream tends to be carried forward and to be attracted to the conveyor by suction drawn through the conveyor in regions of less tobacco, and including structure for subsequently reducing the width and increasing the depth of the filler stream before the filler stream is conveyed to a rod-forming pad of the machine in which the filler stream (possibly after trimming) is enclosed in a wrapper web to form a continuous cigarette rod.

Abstract: In a cigarette making machine, tobacco is arranged to be showered towards two suction bands to form tobacco sub-streams on the respective bands which are then merged to form a single cigarette filler stream which (possibly after trimming) is enclosed in a wrapper web to form a continuous cigarette rod, and the machine includes means for disturbing at least part of the tobacco of at least one of the tobacco sub-streams before the two sub-streams are merged. This disturbance of the sub-streams preferably causes or permits a degree of reorientation of the disturbed tobacco and a degree of interengagement between tobacco particles of the two sub-streams. In one example at least part of this disturbance is caused during the transfer of both sub-streams to a further suction band which carries the merged stream to the wrapper web.

Abstract: In cigarette conveying apparatus cigarettes are conveyed along a path so that they are intercepted in sequence by beams directed at different portions of the path to produce a complete circumferential row of perforations on each cigarette after it has traversed the path. An incident laser beam (14) is time-shared to produce pulses for making perforations by mutually inclined rotatable discs (20, 28). A temperature sensor (150) is provided to detect build-up of contaminants on a lens or mirror (146) for a laser beam (32B). A stream of air containing small quantities of water is supplied by tubes (380,388) terminating in the region in which the cigarettes are perforated so as to assist removal of contaminants resulting from laser perforation.

Abstract: A cigarette making machine includes a suction band which is arranged to carry a cigarette filler stream towards a rod forming device in which the filler stream (possibly after trimming)is enclosed in a continuous wrapper, characterized by means (for example, a second suction band 24, 60, 112 or 210 and means for transferring the tobacco between that band and the main suction band 14, 52, 100 or 206) for reorientating at least some of the tobacco particles before the filler stream is delivered to the rod-forming device by the main suction band or by a further band (116)forming a continuation thereof. The cross-sections of the filler stream on the two bands (if two are used) are preferably significantly different, one being wider and shallower than the other.

Abstract: A turbine frame includes first and second coaxially disposed rings having a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart struts extending therebetween. A plurality of clevises join respective first ends of the struts to the first ring for removably joining the struts thereto. Each of the clevises includes a base removably fixedly joined to the first ring, and a pair of legs extending away from the base and spaced apart to define a U-shaped clevis slot receiving the strut first end. The strut first end is removably fixedly joined to the clevis legs by a pair of expansion bolts. The clevis base includes a central aperture aligned with a first port in the first ring for providing access therethrough.

Abstract: The base pairs of a DNA structure are sequenced with the use of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The DNA structure is scanned by the STM probe tip, and, as it is being scanned, the DNA structure is separately subjected to a sequence of infrared radiation from four different sources, each source being selected to preferentially excite one of the four different bases in the DNA structure. Each particular base being scanned is subjected to such sequence of infrared radiation from the four different sources as that particular base is being scanned. The DNA structure as a whole is separately imaged for each subjection thereof to radiation from one only of each source.

Abstract: A cigarette making machine includes a shower channel (10; 46; 59; 75; 90; 102; 113; 121) through which tobacco is arranged to be showered towards two suction bands (11,12; 66,67; 76,77; 103,104; 114,115) arranged to move towards one another so as to form two tobacco substreams (13,14; 78,79) from the showered tobacco and to bring these streams together in a region (15) where the bands are closest.

Abstract: Cigarette perforating apparatus comprises a rotary stepped reflector (5) for directing an incident laser beam (2) along a reflected path (2R) to produce axially spaced perforations on a cigarette. The size of the perforations is controlled by varying the duration of the reflected beam by means of a mask (8) which is rotatable with the reflector and effective to intercept the beam for varying periods dependent on the radial distance at which the beam is incident on the reflector. The reflected beam (2R) may be further divided to provide separate beam paths (e.g. leading to the separate cigarette tracks in a filter attachment machine) by means of a further reflective disk (12) synchronized with the stepped reflector.

Abstract: Cigarette making machine including two suction bands arranged to move towards one another and having tobacco showered onto the bands. The two bands form two tobacco sub-streams from showered tobacco and upon merger form one stream. At the point of merger additional tobacco is added to the stream so as to form dense end portions.

Abstract: Various arrangements are disclosed for perforation by laser of cigarettes carried on a fluted drum without rolling. In one arrangement (FIGS. 1-3) rings of reflectors (8, 14) movable with the drum (12) intercept and direct a continuous laser beam (18). In another arrangement (FIGS. 4,5) cigarettes (28) are perforated while being conveyed past a fixed focus pulsed beam (32) which has a selected profile and is redirected between passing cigarettes to perforate cigarette at other positions. Other arrangements include using a rotating disc (FIGS. 6-8) or rotary stepped reflector (FIGS. 9, 13, 14) to share a beam between different cigarettes or produce two rows of perforations on a cigarette, using a continuous reflective surface (FIGS. 10, 11) to reflect a rotating beam at passing cigarettes, and causing a beam to partially track a moving cigarette (FIG. 12).

Abstract: Single cigarette rejection, particularly in a passage (10) between vanes (12) in a cigarette packing machine hopper, is performed by axial ejection of faulty cigarettes using suction generated by exhausting high pressure air adjacent an ejection aperture (22) in an end wall (16) of the passage. A short cylindrical casing (24) is located around the aperture (22) and defines a duct (28) through which the cigarette is ejected. The casing (24) includes an annular pressure chamber (32) and venturi orifice (34) for generating suction in the duct (28).

Abstract: A metal/air battery is described having gas bubbled through the electrolyte. It includes: (a) a tank defining a reservoir for liquid electrolyte; (b) one or more metal-air cells disposed for immersion in electrolyte, each cell including at least one air cathode having a first surface disposed for contact with electrolyte and a second surface exposed to air and a metal anode disposed for immersion in electrolyte in facing spaced relation to the first cathode surface to constitute therewith an anode-cathode pair electrically coupled by electrolyte, (c) a bubbler tube extending horizontally in the electrolyte reservoir beneath each cell and serving to inject gas bubbles into electrolyte between the anode and cathode of each cell, and (d) means for providing a pulsating flow of gas to the bubbler tube(s).

Abstract: A cigarette making machine includes one or more conveyor bands (12,14,28) or other parts of non-metallic material from which pieces can break off and become entrained in the tobacco, including means (30,42) for detecting such pieces in the tobacco by directing a radiation beam towards the tobacco, and including means 40 for ejecting tobacco or finished cigarettes including such detected pieces, the parts in question being made of a material, or having a material incorporated in then or coated on them, which is either opaque or partially opaque to the detection beam, or which produces a detectable secondary emission detected by the detecting means.