Abstract: Monoclinic phosphorus is produced in a single source vapor transport apparatus comprising a sealed evacuated ampoule containing a mixture or compound of phosphorus and an alkali metal with the phosphorus to alkali metal ratio being 11 or greater. The charge is heated to 550.degree.-560.degree. C. and the monoclinic phosphorus crystals are formed on the cooler surface at the top of the ampoule over the temperature range of 500.degree.-560.degree. C. The preferred heating temperature is in the neighborhood of 555.degree. C. and the preferred deposition temperature is in the neighborhood of 539.degree. C. Alkali metals that may be employed include sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium. The monoclinic phosphorus crystals form in two habits. Those formed in the presence of sodium and cesium are in the form of flat square platelets up to 4 mm on a side and 2 mm thick. These platelets may be easily cleaved into thinner platelets, like mica.

Abstract: The present invention provides a trap for a vapor species, particularly a pnictide.sub.4 vapor species, for a vacuum system of the type including a vacuum chamber communicating with a forepump through a vacuum line. The trap may be positioned within the vacuum chamber itself, or in the alternative, the trap may be located between the vacuum chamber and the forepump. The trap includes a housing for a cracker, which may be a heated filament or a plasma, which cracks the pnictide vapor species into pnictide.sub.2. The walls of the housing are cooled so that the trapped pnictide species readily forms a film and adheres to the walls of the housing. The pnictide.sub.4 vapor species, which may be harmful to the operation of a forepump, is prevented from entering the forepump. A removable sleeve can be positioned in the housing so that the cracked species adheres to it. The sleeve may be removed from the housing for maintenance and replacement purposes.

Abstract: Fine quality catenated phosphorus thin films are produced in a high vacuum evaporator. Heated tungsten wire crackers are provided above the phosphorus boat and below the substrates. Amorphous pure phosphorus shiny red films have been deposited on glass, metallized glass and GaP and exhibit an optical edge at 2.0 eV. Films of KP.sub.x where x is equal to 15 or greater than 15 are produced by utilizing a second baffled boat source containing the potassium graphite intercalate, KC.sub.8. Addition of a nickel evaporation source provides nickel-doped polyphosphide films.

Abstract: Polycrystalline and monocrystalline potassium polyphosphide, KP.sub.15, has been grown from the liquid phase at a temperature range of 600.degree.-700.degree. C. Massive crystallization of KP.sub.15 whiskers and platelets is observed. Crystalline KP.sub.15 films have been grown on gallium arsenide (110) and gallium phosphide (111) polished wafers, silicon (110) polished wafers, quartz, on a nickel evaporated 2000 angstrom nickel layer on quartz, and on nickel foil. Microcrystalline KP.sub.15 formed by a condensed phase process is incorporated into a sealed ampule evacuate 10.sup.-4 torr. The temperature is raised to 655.degree. C. and the furnace tilted to bring the melt in contact with the substrates. The temperature is then reduced to 640.degree. C. and the furnace is tilted back to the original position. Large KP.sub.15 whiskers several millimeters in size are grown from the melt and crystalline films of KP.sub.15 are grown topotaxially on gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide.

Abstract: Metal-insulator-semiconductor devices are formed on III-V semiconductors utilizing a pnictide rich insulating layer. The layer may be applied by vacuum evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, and from a liquid melt. Gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, and gallium phosphide substrates are insulated with an alkali metal high pnictide polypnictide, preferably a polyphosphide, having the formula MP.sub.x where x is equal to or greater than 15, including new forms of phosphorus grown in the presence of an alkali metal where x is much greater than 15. A KP.sub.15 layer is preferred. They may also be insulated with a layer of a solid elemental pnictide, namely phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or bismuth applied by one of the above named processes. An elemental phosphorus layer is preferred. A silicon nitride, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, layer may be added on top of the pnictide layer to increase the breakdown voltage of the insulating layer.

Abstract: High phosphorus polyphosphides, namely MP.sub.x, where M is an alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) or metals mimicking the bonding behavior of an alkali metal, and where x=7 to 15 or very much greater than 15 (new forms of phosphorus) are useful semiconductors in their crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous forms (boules and films). MP.sub.15 appears to have the best properties and KP.sub.15 is the easier to synthesize. P may include other pnictides as well as other trivalent atomic species. Resistance lowering may be accomplished by doping with Ni, Fe, Cr, and other metals having occupied d or f outer electronic levels; or by incorporation of As and other pnictides. Rectifying Schottky junction devices doped with Ni and employing Ni as a back contact comprise Cu, Al, Mg, Ni, Au, Ag, and Ti as junction forming top contacts. Photovoltaic, photoresistive, and photoluminescent devices are also disclosed. All semiconductor applications appear feasible.

Abstract: Glass fibers are treated with an aqueous treating composition having a lubricant and either a mixture of heat stable organic peroxide, vinyl-containing coupling agent and nonionic surfactant and optionally a film former such as polyvinylacetate or carboxylated compatible polymer film former like carboxylated polypropylene and an amino coupling agent. Other materials such as softeners, pigments and the like may be added to the aqueous treating composition. The treated glass fiber strands are used in the form of continuous glass strands or chopped strands or a mixture thereof to prepare glass fiber strand mat for use in reinforcing thermoplastic polymers. Thermoplastic polymers reinforced with mats made of the treated glass fiber strands of the present invention have improved stamping properties.

Abstract: A stampable thermoplastic fiber glass reinforced product is shown which contains immediately below the resin surface on both major surfaces spikes of glass fibers integral with a mat. Utilization of the spikes with reference to the laminate surface produces laminates having improved stamping characteristics.

Abstract: A liquid-oil feeder is provided for supplying various metered amounts of oil to a plurality of regions. The feeder has a tank of oil and an oil pick-up chamber reciprocating in and out of the supply of oil. The chamber contacts a transfer plate and a longitudinally adjustable rod displaces the oil from the chamber to the transfer plate. The metered amount of oil then flows from the transfer plate through a spout to an outlet leading to an oil line for carrying the oil to the various regions. A plurality of such chambers and transfer plates, displaced as a unit and each associated with a separate adjustable rod and outlet, may be provided. The feeder is capable of supplying oil in a continuous flow of droplets and also has flushing apparatus for supplying a stream of oil to various regions.

Abstract: A liquid-oil feeder is provided for supplying various metered amounts of oil to a plurality of regions. The feeder has a tank of oil and an oil pick-up chamber reciprocating in and out of the supply of oil. The chamber contacts a transfer plate and a longitudinally adjustable rod displaces the oil from the chamber to the transfer plate. The metered amount of oil then flows from the transfer plate through a spout to an outlet leading to an oil line for carrying the oil to the various regions. A plurality of such chambers and transfer plates, displaced as a unit and each associated with a separate adjustable rod and outlet, may be provided. The feeder is capable of supplying oil in a continuous flow of droplets and also has flushing apparatus for supplying a stream of oil to various regions.