Abstract: A storage cluster is provided. The storage cluster includes a plurality of storage nodes, each of the plurality of storage nodes having nonvolatile solid-state memory and a plurality of operations queues coupled to the solid-state memory. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to distribute the user data and metadata throughout the plurality of storage nodes such that the plurality of storage nodes can access the user data with a failure of two of the plurality of storage nodes. Each of the plurality of storage nodes is configured to determine whether a read of 1 or more bits in the solid-state memory via a first path is within a latency budget. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to perform a read of user data or metadata via a second path, responsive to a determination that the read of the bit via the first path is not within the latency budget.

Abstract: Engaging washers such as reaction washers and backup washers can include novel advantageous features. For example, an engaging washer can include an inner row of teeth and an outer row of teeth, where the teeth in the inner row can slope in a first circumferential direction to primarily engage a flange during bolt tightening, and the teeth in the outer row can slope in a second circumferential direction to primarily engage during bolt loosening. The engaging washers may also include an arched design to allow gradual increasing of contact surface areas as a clamping force in the washer gradually increases. Additionally, a reaction washer can include stepped castles for engaging a reaction socket. The castles may also include sloped or curved engaging surfaces that can provide decreased contact surface area and may also inhibit outward biasing of reaction fingers that are engaging the castles.

Abstract: A method of providing end-to-end encryption for data stored in a storage system, including: receiving a request to read encrypted data from a logical volume of a storage system; decrypting the encrypted data using a decryption key associated with at least one property of the storage system; performing at least one of a data operation to reconstitute the data; encrypting the data using an encryption key associated with at least one property of the data to generate new encrypted data; and providing a response to the request that includes the new encrypted data.

Abstract: A socket assembly may include a fastener socket and a contact member. The contact member may extend through a window formed in the fastener socket in a first direction to engage a fastener head and lock the socket assembly to the fastener head in a locked position. The contact member may also retract at least partially into the window in a second direction to disengage the contact member from the fastener head and unlock the socket assembly from the fastener head in an unlocked position. A threaded actuator may be rotated to transform the socket assembly between the locked position and the unlocked position. The contact member may comprise a tang having first and second tang projections configured to engage first and second surfaces of the fastener head and lock the socket assembly to the fastener head.

Abstract: A storage controller coupled to a storage array comprising one or more storage devices that performs at least one data reduction operation on decrypted data, encrypts the reduced data using a second encryption key to generate a second encrypted data, and stores the second encrypted data on the storage array.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for die-level monitoring is provided. The method includes distributing user data throughout a plurality of storage nodes through erasure coding, wherein the plurality of storage nodes are housed within a chassis that couples the storage nodes. Each of the storage nodes has a non-volatile solid-state storage with non-volatile memory and the user data is accessible via the erasure coding from a remainder of the storage nodes in event of two of the storage nodes being unreachable. The method includes producing diagnostic information that diagnoses the non-volatile memory on a basis of per package, per die, per plane, per block, or per page, the producing performed by each of the plurality of storage nodes. The method includes writing the diagnostic information to a memory in the storage cluster.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for die-level monitoring is provided. The method includes distributing user data throughout a plurality of storage nodes through erasure coding, wherein the plurality of storage nodes are housed within a chassis that couples the storage nodes. Each of the storage nodes has a non-volatile solid-state storage with non-volatile memory and the user data is accessible via the erasure coding from a remainder of the storage nodes in event of two of the storage nodes being unreachable. The method includes producing diagnostic information that diagnoses the non-volatile memory on a basis of per package, per die, per plane, per block, or per page, the producing performed by each of the plurality of storage nodes. The method includes writing the diagnostic information to a memory in the storage cluster.

Abstract: A reaction washer is optimized for lock-on, optional stiction ring and for a predetermined indentation depth of bidirectional serrations for secure reaction torque transfer during initial and full actuation of respective nut or bolt heads resting on it. An optional lock-on ring embedded around the reaction socket is ergonomically actuated to latch on and off underneath the reaction washer. Axial offset of the peak stress areas away from the actuation socket edges provides for reduced actuation socket diameter and consequently for the entire tool and system remaining substantially within radial assembly limits established for prior art actuation sockets alone. A coupling unit is attached to and tightened on a power torque wrench via a clamp tool utilizing the power wrench's own torque. A hand hold groove and a lock able snap release button offset from the coupling castle snap connection contribute to safe and ergonomic operation and system peak performance.

Abstract: A plurality of storage nodes within a single chassis is provided. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to communicate together as a storage cluster. The plurality of storage nodes has a non-volatile solid-state storage for user data storage. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to distribute the user data and metadata associated with the user data throughout the plurality of storage nodes, with erasure coding of the user data. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to recover from failure of two of the plurality of storage nodes by applying the erasure coding to the user data from a remainder of the plurality of storage nodes. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to detect an error and engage in an error recovery via one of a processor of one of the plurality of storage nodes, a processor of the non-volatile solid state storage, or the flash memory.

Abstract: A storage system is provided. The storage system includes a plurality of storage units, each having a controller and solid-state storage memory. The storage system further includes one or more first pathways that couple processing devices of a plurality of storage nodes and is configured to couple to a network external to the storage system and one or more second pathways that couple the plurality of storage nodes to the plurality of storage units, wherein the one or more second pathways enable multiprocessing applications.

Abstract: A plurality of storage nodes within a single chassis is provided. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to communicate together as a storage cluster. The plurality of storage nodes has a non-volatile solid-state storage for user data storage. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to distribute the user data and metadata associated with the user data throughout the plurality of storage nodes, with erasure coding of the user data. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to recover from failure of two of the plurality of storage nodes by applying the erasure coding to the user data from a remainder of the plurality of storage nodes. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to detect an error and engage in an error recovery via one of a processor of one of the plurality of storage nodes, a processor of the non-volatile solid state storage, or the flash memory.

Abstract: A method for adjustable error correction in a storage cluster is provided. The method includes determining health of a non-volatile memory of a non-volatile solid-state storage unit of each of a plurality of storage nodes in a storage cluster on a basis of per flash package, per flash die, per flash plane, per flash block, or per flash page. The determining is performed by the storage cluster. The plurality of storage nodes is housed within a chassis that couples the storage nodes as the storage cluster. The method includes adjusting erasure coding across the plurality of storage nodes based on the health of the non-volatile memory and distributing user data throughout the plurality of storage nodes through the erasure coding. The user data is accessible via the erasure coding from a remainder of the plurality of storage nodes if any of the plurality of storage nodes are unreachable.

Abstract: A storage cluster is provided. The storage cluster includes a plurality of storage nodes, each of the plurality of storage nodes having nonvolatile solid-state memory and a plurality of operations queues coupled to the solid-state memory. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to distribute the user data and metadata throughout the plurality of storage nodes such that the plurality of storage nodes can access the user data with a failure of two of the plurality of storage nodes. Each of the plurality of storage nodes is configured to determine whether a read of 1 or more bits in the solid-state memory via a first path is within a latency budget. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to perform a read of user data or metadata via a second path, responsive to a determination that the read of the bit via the first path is not within the latency budget.

Abstract: A storage system is provided. The storage system includes a plurality of storage units, each of the plurality of storage units having storage memory for user data and a plurality of storage nodes, each of the plurality of storage nodes configured to have ownership of a portion of the user data. The storage system includes a first pathway, coupling the plurality of storage units such that each of the plurality of storage units can communicate with at least one other of the plurality of storage units via the first pathway without assistance from the plurality of storage nodes.

Abstract: A storage cluster is provided. The storage cluster includes a plurality of storage nodes, each of the plurality of storage nodes having nonvolatile solid-state memory and a plurality of operations queues coupled to the solid-state memory. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to distribute the user data and metadata throughout the plurality of storage nodes such that the plurality of storage nodes can access the user data with a failure of two of the plurality of storage nodes. Each of the plurality of storage nodes is configured to determine whether a read of 1 or more bits in the solid-state memory via a first path is within a latency budget. The plurality of storage nodes is configured to perform a read of user data or metadata via a second path, responsive to a determination that the read of the bit via the first path is not within the latency budget.

Abstract: A method for adjustable error correction in a storage cluster is provided. The method includes determining health of a non-volatile memory of a non-volatile solid-state storage unit of each of a plurality of storage nodes in a storage cluster on a basis of per flash package, per flash die, per flash plane, per flash block, or per flash page. The determining is performed by the storage cluster. The plurality of storage nodes is housed within a chassis that couples the storage nodes as the storage cluster. The method includes adjusting erasure coding across the plurality of storage nodes based on the health of the non-volatile memory and distributing user data throughout the plurality of storage nodes through the erasure coding. The user data is accessible via the erasure coding from a remainder of the plurality of storage nodes if any of the plurality of storage nodes are unreachable.

Abstract: A storage cluster is provided. The storage cluster includes a plurality of storage nodes within a chassis. The plurality of storage nodes has flash memory for storage of user data and is configured to distribute the user data and metadata throughout the plurality of storage nodes such that the storage nodes can access the user data with a failure of two of the plurality of storage nodes. Each of the storage nodes is configured to generate at least one address translation table that maps around defects in the flash memory on one of a per flash package basis, per flash die basis, per flash plane basis, per flash block basis, per flash page basis, or per physical address basis. Each of the plurality of storage nodes is configured to apply the at least one address translation table to write and read accesses of the user data.

Abstract: A method for managing processing power in a storage system is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of blades, each of a first subset having a storage node and storage memory, and each of a second, differing subset having a compute-only node. The method includes distributing authorities across the plurality of blades, to a plurality of nodes including at least one compute-only node, wherein each authority has ownership of a range of user data.

Abstract: A method for extending data lifetime for reference in deduplication is provided. The method includes determining that a quantity of user data has at least a threshold amount of data that is re-created in a storage system. The method includes protecting at least portions of the quantity of user data from erasure by garbage collection in the storage system during a predetermined time interval, wherein the protected at least portions are available for data deduplication of further user data in the storage system during the predetermined time interval.

Abstract: Engaging washers such as reaction washers and backup washers can include novel advantageous features. For example, an engaging washer can include an inner row of teeth and an outer row of teeth, where the teeth in the inner row can slope in a first circumferential direction to primarily engage a flange during bolt tightening, and the teeth in the outer row can slope in a second circumferential direction to primarily engage during bolt loosening. The engaging washers may also include an arched design to allow gradual increasing of contact surface areas as a clamping force in the washer gradually increases. Additionally, a reaction washer can include stepped castles for engaging a reaction socket. The castles may also include sloped or curved engaging surfaces that can provide decreased contact surface area and may also inhibit outward biasing of reaction fingers that are engaging the castles.