Abstract: A series Z-source circuit breaker including a semiconductor switch that breaks source power being provided to a load in response to overcurrent. An electromechanical switch is electrically coupled in parallel with the semiconductor switch, a first capacitor is electrically coupled to an output side of the semiconductor switch, a second capacitor is electrically coupled in parallel with the semiconductor switch, and a delay circuit is electrically coupled in series with the first capacitor. The semiconductor switch is in an open position and the electromechanical switch is in a closed position when overcurrent is not present. Upon detection of overcurrent the semiconductor switch is closed, the electromechanical switch is opened and the delay circuit is controlled to delay when reverse bias current is provided from the first capacitor to the semiconductor switch to prevent source power from being provided to the load to give the electromechanical switch time to open.

Abstract: A system and method for providing fault protection and coordination between fault interrupting devices in a power distribution network. The method includes assigning a coordination number to each device depending on where the device is in the network and what other fault interrupting devices are downstream of the device, where the assigned coordination number to the device is equal to the largest coordination number of any downstream device plus one. The method further includes calculating a TCC curve for the devices having the lowest coordination number based on a TCC curve of a fuse-like device downstream of the device and tolerances of the device. The method then sequentially calculates a TCC curve for the devices having the next lowest coordination number based on the TCC curves of the devices having a lower coordination number and tolerances of the device until all of the devices have a TCC curve.

Abstract: An actuator assembly including a first actuator having a first magnetically actuated plunger and a first latching plate, where the first plunger is operable to be magnetically latched to the first latching plate. The actuator assembly further includes a second actuator coupled to and axially aligned with the first actuator. The second actuator includes a second magnetically actuated plunger, a second latching plate, a sleeve positioned within and extending from the second plunger and being rigidly secured to the first plunger, and a tolerance spring wrapped around the sleeve. The second plunger is operable to be magnetically latched to the second latching plate, where latching of the second plunger causes the tolerance spring to compress and provide additional latching force of the first plunger to the first latching plate.

Abstract: An underground power distribution network that clears faults using detected traveling waves. The network includes a power source, a feeder receiving power from the power source, and a plurality of series connected switchgear disposed along the feeder. Each switchgear includes at least one current interrupting device for interrupting current on the feeder, at least one current sensor for measuring current on the feeder, and a controller responsive to current measurement signals from the current sensor. A communications link provides communications between the controllers. The current sensors detect traveling waves as a result of a fault on the feeder and the controllers broadcast messages on the communications link identifying whether the controller receives positive polarity or negative polarity traveling waves that identify whether the fault is downstream or upstream of the switchgear so as to determine which current interrupting device will be opened to clear the fault.

Abstract: A system and method for adaptive impedance protection in a power network. The method includes determining a measured impedance in an upstream interrupting device, determining an impedance set point in the upstream interrupting device, and identifying a predetermined percentage of the impedance set point. The method also includes determining if the measured impedance falls below the predetermined percentage, determining whether a change in a measured current value on the power line is less than a threshold change value in a downstream interrupting device, and sending the determination of whether the change in the measured current value is less than the threshold change value from the downstream interrupting device to the upstream interrupting device. The upstream interrupting device is opened if the measured impedance falls below the predetermined percentage of the impedance set point and the change in the measured current value is less than the threshold change value.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for increasing geospatial resolution of traffic information by dividing known location intervals into a fixed number of sub-segments not tied to any one map providers format, efficient coding of traffic information, and distribution of traffic information to end-user consuming devices over one or more satellite based broadcast transport medium and data communications network. Nationwide traffic service which can be encoded and distributed through a single broadcast service may be described herein. Aggregating traffic data from segments of multiple location intervals, into predefined and predetermined flow vectors, and sending flow vectors within a data stream to users may be described herein. Confidence levels obtained from raw traffic data can (i) be disclosed to drivers/users to supplement a very low signal (or no signal) speed and congestion report, and (ii) used in various system algorithms that decide what local anomalies or aberrations to filter out as noise.

Abstract: In general, the disclosure relates to a method for creating segment mapping in a network, by a network device. The method includes receiving a segment identification (ID) for a client device of the network from an authentication system. The segment ID identifies a segment of the network including the client device and the network device wherein the segment ID is associated with a media access control (MAC) address of the client device. The network device or a network management system (NMS) determines an internet protocol (IP) address of the client device and the network device creates an IP address to segment ID mapping for the client device using the IP address. The IP address to segment ID mapping is provided to the NMS for distribution to remaining network devices of the network. At least one packet of the client device is processed using the IP address to segment ID mapping.

Abstract: An attachment for a wearable collar of an animal may be provided. The attachment may include an electronic device comprising a processor configured to receive or transmit information relating to the animal. An attachment body may be configured to be detachably coupled to the collar worn by the animal. The attachment body may include a cavity housing the electronic device and an opening of the cavity. The opening may provide access to the electronic device housed in the cavity or retaining the electronic device within the cavity via an enclosure element. Each of a plurality of legs may have a connection element. The connection element may be configured to engage with another connection element to detachably couple the attachment body to the collar worn by the animal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the dynamic selection of IP address in email platforms, and the synchronization of hostnames and IP addresses in such platforms, are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the dynamic selection of IP address in email platforms, and the synchronization of hostnames and IP addresses in such platforms, are disclosed.

Abstract: A switch assembly that is part of a transformer in an underground residential power distribution circuit and that provides fault isolation and restoration. The switch assembly includes first and second switching devices each having an outer housing, a transformer interface electrically coupled to the transformer, a connector interface electrically coupled to a first connector and a first vacuum interrupter having a fixed contact and a movable contact, where the fixed contact is electrically coupled to the connector interface and the movable contact is electrically coupled to the transformer interface. A control board controls the first and second switching devices, where the control board is responsive to voltage signals from capacitors in the first and second switching devices.

Abstract: A series Z-source circuit breaker including a semiconductor switch that breaks source power being provided to a load in response to overcurrent. An electromechanical switch is electrically coupled in parallel with the semiconductor switch, a first capacitor is electrically coupled to an output side of the semiconductor switch, a second capacitor is electrically coupled in parallel with the semiconductor switch, and a delay circuit is electrically coupled in series with the first capacitor. The semiconductor switch is in an open position and the electromechanical switch is in a closed position when overcurrent is not present. Upon detection of overcurrent the semiconductor switch is closed, the electromechanical switch is opened and the delay circuit is controlled to delay when reverse bias current is provided from the first capacitor to the semiconductor switch to prevent source power from being provided to the load to give the electromechanical switch time to open.

Abstract: An actuator assembly including a first actuator having a first magnetically actuated plunger and a first latching plate, where the first plunger is operable to be magnetically latched to the first latching plate. The actuator assembly further includes a second actuator coupled to and axially aligned with the first actuator. The second actuator includes a second magnetically actuated plunger, a second latching plate, a sleeve positioned within and extending from the second plunger and being rigidly secured to the first plunger, and a tolerance spring wrapped around the sleeve. The second plunger is operable to be magnetically latched to the second latching plate, where latching of the second plunger causes the tolerance spring to compress and provide additional latching force of the first plunger to the first latching plate.

Abstract: A method for isolating a fault in an underground power distribution network. The network includes a power line, a plurality of transformers electrically coupled to and positioned along the power line, a first recloser connected to one end of the power line and a second recloser connected to an opposite end of the power line, where each transformer includes an upstream switching device and a downstream switching device, and where power is provided to both ends of the power line through the first and second reclosers and one of the switching devices is a normally open switching device. The method includes detecting overcurrent by some of the switching devices, detecting loss of voltage by some of the switching devices and sending clear to close messages to some of the switching devices to open and close certain ones of the switching devices to isolate the fault.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided herein for an improved method of Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP) where a first switch receives a virtual local area network (VLAN) identifier from a second switch, allowing the first switch to reach a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server. This may be accomplished by a first switch receiving a VLAN identifier from a second switch. The first switch then transmits a DHCP discover message using the VLAN identifier. The first switch then receives reachability information for a ZTP server from the DHCP server. The first switch uses the reachability information to establish a provisioning session between the first switch and the ZTP server.

Abstract: In general, the disclosure relates to a method for creating segment mapping in a network, by a network device. The method includes receiving a segment identification (ID) for a client device of the network from an authentication system. The segment ID identifies a segment of the network including the client device and the network device wherein the segment ID is associated with a media access control (MAC) address of the client device. The network device or a network management system (NMS) determines an internet protocol (IP) address of the client device and the network device creates an IP address to segment ID mapping for the client device using the IP address. The IP address to segment ID mapping is provided to the NMS for distribution to remaining network devices of the network. At least one packet of the client device is processed using the IP address to segment ID mapping.