Abstract: A method of forming a security device includes a colour shifting element, wherein the colour shifting element provides a first optical effect, the method includes; providing a light control layer over at least a part of the colour shifting element, the light control layer including a functional region and at least one non-functional region, wherein the functional region includes a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light from the colour shifting element so as to generate a second optical effect different from the first optical effect, and wherein the non-functional region does not substantially modify the angle of light from the colour shifting element, and; wherein the at least one non-functional region is not discernible to the naked eye.

Abstract: A downhole acoustic transmitter has a piezoelectric transducer, an enclosure in which the piezoelectric transducer is housed, a transducer preload means which applies a selected compressive force against the transducer such that a mechanical preload is applied to the 5 transducer, and an acoustic tuning element which has a first end coupled to the transducer preload means or the transducer, and an open second end. The acoustic tuning element is not coupled to anything but the transducer preload means or transducer, so the transducer preload means effectively has a second open end and thus can maintain the same preload compressive force on the transducer even when the transmitter is subjected to tension and 10 compressive forces during operation.

Abstract: A security device is provided, comprising: a colour shifting element that exhibits different wavelengths of light at different viewing angles, and; an at least partially transparent light control layer covering at least a part of the colourshifting element and comprising a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light from the colour shifting element, wherein; a first region of the light control layer comprises a first optical characteristic, whereby light at a first viewing angle from the first region of the light control layer is perceived to have a resultant optical effect that is the resultant of the wavelength of light exhibited at that viewing angle due to the combination of the colour shifting element and the surface relief of the light control layer, and the first optical characteristic, and; a second region of the light control layer either: (i) is substantially colourless such that light at the first viewing angle from the second region is perceived to have a resultant optical effect exhibited

Abstract: There is described a printing press (100***; 100****) adapted to carry out printing on a sheet-like or web-like substrate (S), in particular for the production of security documents such as banknotes, comprising a printing unit (2*; 2**; 2***; 2****) designed to print a first side (I) and/or a second side (II) of the substrate (S). The printing press (100***; 100****) further comprises an in-line casting device (80; 80*; 80**; 80***) adapted to apply a layer of material acting as an optical medium on a portion of a first side (I, II) of the substrate (S) and to replicate and form a micro-optical structure (L) in the layer of material acting as optical medium.

Abstract: A method of forming a polymer substrate for a security sheet includes: providing first and second overlapping polymer layers each providing outwardly facing surfaces, and a colour shifting element positioned between the first and second polymer layers adapted to provide a first optical effect to a viewer, wherein the first polymer layer includes a region substantially transparent to visible light such that the colour shifting element is viewable through the first polymer layer, and; joining together the first and second polymer layers in order to generate a polymer substrate wherein, during the joining step, a surface relief is formed in the outwardly facing surface of the first layer, the surface relief being adapted to interact with light from the colour shifting element in order to modify the first optical effect to provide a second optical effect different from the first optical effect.

Abstract: A method of forming a security document includes: providing a security document substrate, the security document substrate including a security device including a colour shifting element and a light control layer covering at least a part of the colour shifting element, wherein the light control layer has a surface structure including one or more elevations and depressions that modifies the angle of light from the colour shifting element to generate a first optical effect, and; selectively modifying a part of the light control layer so as to generate a second optical effect different from the first optical effect.

Abstract: A method of forming a security device includes a colour shifting element, wherein the colour shifting element provides a first optical effect, the method includes; providing a light control layer over at least a part of the colour shifting element, the light control layer including a functional region and at least one non-functional region, wherein the functional region includes a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light from the colour shifting element so as to generate a second optical effect different from the first optical effect, and wherein the non-functional region does not substantially modify the angle of light from the colour shifting element, and; wherein the at least one non-functional region is not discernible to the naked eye.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and techniques for controlling voltage applied across a piezoelectric stack of a downhole acoustic transmitter. At least one of the temperature of the stack and the compressive stress applied to the stack is monitored. At least one of the temperature of the stack and the compressive stress applied to the stack is compared to a temperature threshold and a stress threshold, respectively. When the stack signal is an alternating voltage signal and when at least one of the temperature of the stack and the compressive stress applied to the stack respectively exceeds the temperature threshold and the stress threshold, the stack signal is modified such that a negative polarity portion of the stack signal has a maximum magnitude less than a magnitude of a negative polarity limit.

Abstract: A method of making a security device including: (a) forming an array of focussing elements on at least a first region of a focussing element support layer, by: (a)(i) applying a first transparent curable material either to the focussing element support layer or to a casting tool carrying a surface relief corresponding to the focussing elements, over an first sub-region of the first region and applying a second transparent curable material to a second sub-region of the first region laterally offset from the first sub-region, the first and second transparent curable materials having different optical detection characteristics from one another; (a)(ii) forming the first and second transparent curable materials with the casting tool; and (a)(iii) curing the first and second transparent curable materials in the first region, so as to retain the surface relief.

Abstract: A downhole acoustic transmitter has a pre-loaded piezoelectric transducer, an enclosure in which the piezoelectric transducer is housed, a preload spring that biases the transducer against a first end coupling of the enclosure, and an adjustable preload means mounted to the enclosure such that a selected compressive force is applied to the preload spring, which in turn urges the transducer against a face of the first end coupling such that a mechanical preload is applied to the transducer. The position of the adjustable preload means and the spring compliance are selected so that the level of mechanical preload applied to the transducer compensates for an expected amount of flexing of the acoustic telemetry transmitter due to varying tension and compression applied to the transmitter, thereby maintaining an effective preload on the transducer.

Abstract: The edge shields disclosed herein utilize a plated edge surface of a PCB to form one or more sides of an electronic shield to reduce the amount of top surface area of the PCB occupied by the electronic shield. More specifically, an edge shield lid is mechanically attached to the plated edge surface to remove a need for solder overprint at the edge of the PCB. The edge shield lid is soldered, welded, adhered, or mechanically attached to edge walls where there is no available edge surface for attachment.

Abstract: A security device is disclosed, comprising an array of focussing elements with regular periodicity in at least a first direction, each focusing element having an optical footprint of which different portions will be directed to the viewer in dependence on the viewing angle; and an array of image elements with regular periodicity in at least the first direction overlapping the array of focusing structures, the image elements representing portions of at least two respective images, and at least one image element from each respective image being located in the optical footprint of each focusing structure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image element array includes: providing a production tool having a surface pattern of ink-receptive elements spaced by areas which are not, the ink-receptive elements defining the array image elements; applying a multi-colored first image formed of a inks to only the ink-receptive elements; and transferring only the portions of the multi-colored first image corresponding to the image elements from the production tool to a substrate. An image element array is formed on the substrate. The production tool surface pattern is configured such that when viewing and image element arrays overlap, each viewing element within an image element array first region directs light from a respective image element or from a respective gap. The viewing angle in the first region directs light from either the array or the gaps.

Abstract: A security device comprises a plurality of viewing regions or windows. Each region includes a lenticular device, the lenticular devices being constructed so that at different respective first viewing angles or first viewing angle ranges, the lenticular device in each viewing region generates substantially the same first image, the first viewing angles or first viewing angle ranges of the lenticular devices being substantially non-overlapping.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and techniques for controlling voltage applied across a piezoelectric stack of a downhole acoustic transmitter. At least one of the temperature of the stack and the compressive stress applied to the stack is monitored. At least one of the temperature of the stack and the compressive stress applied to the stack is compared to a temperature threshold and a stress threshold, respectively. When the stack signal is an alternating voltage signal and when at least one of the temperature of the stack and the compressive stress applied to the stack respectively exceeds the temperature threshold and the stress threshold, the stack signal is modified such that a negative polarity portion of the stack signal has a maximum magnitude less than a magnitude of a negative polarity limit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image element array includes: providing a production tool having a surface pattern of ink-receptive elements spaced by areas which are not, the ink-receptive elements defining the array image elements; applying a multi-coloured first image formed of a inks to only the ink-receptive elements; and transferring only the portions of the multi-coloured first image corresponding to the image elements from the production tool to a substrate. An image element array is formed on the substrate. The production tool surface pattern is configured such that when viewing and image element arrays overlap, each viewing element within an image element array first region directs light from a respective image element or from a respective gap. The viewing angle in the first region directs light from either the array or the gaps.

Abstract: The edge shields disclosed herein utilize a plated edge surface of a PCB to form one or more sides of an electronic shield to reduce the amount of top surface area of the PCB occupied by the electronic shield. More specifically, an edge shield lid is mechanically attached to the plated edge surface to remove a need for solder overprint at the edge of the PCB. The edge shield lid is soldered, welded, adhered, or mechanically attached to edge walls where there is no available edge surface for attachment.

Abstract: A methodology and system promote hydrocarbon production from a reservoir using steam assisted gravity drainage. The technique comprises deploying sensors in a subsurface environment containing the reservoir. The sensors are used to obtain data on properties related to a steam assisted gravity drainage region of the reservoir. Based on the data collected from the sensors, the amount of steam injected into areas of the reservoir may be adjusted to facilitate, e.g., optimize, production of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of making a security device including: (a) forming an array of focussing elements on at least a first region of a focussing element support layer, by: (a)(i) applying a first transparent curable material either to the focussing element support layer or to a casting tool carrying a surface relief corresponding to the focussing elements, over an first sub-region of the first region and applying a second transparent curable material to a second sub-region of the first region laterally offset from the first sub-region, the first and second transparent curable materials having different optical detection characteristics from one another; (a)(ii) forming the first and second transparent curable materials with the casting tool; and (a)(iii) curing the first and second transparent curable materials in the first region, so as to retain the surface relief.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a security document, including: providing a polymer substrate having first and second surfaces; and: applying an array of focussing elements to the first surface of the polymer substrate across a first region; forming an image array by: providing a die form having a surface including an arrangement of raised areas and recessed areas defining the pattern; applying a first curable material to the surface of the die form so it substantially fills the recessed areas; bringing a pattern support layer in contact with the surface of the die form so it covers the recessed areas; separating the pattern support layer from the surface of the die form so the first curable material in the recessed areas is removed from the recessed areas and retained on the pattern support layer; and at least partly curing the first curable material in one or more curing steps.