Abstract: A process (50) is provided that operates to convey a contaminated oil/water emulsion metalworking fluid (2) under pressure through an ultrafilter membrane (12) to separate a substantial amount of oil (14) therefrom that is then emulsified with a predetermined amount of water having an electrical volume resistivity of at least about 3000 ohm-cm to provide a reconditioned oil/water emulsion for use as a metalworking fluid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for machining processes involving the generation of frictional heat in which the workpiece is contacted by a coolant whose viscosity progressively increases with decreasing temperature and by a pressurized fluid that, upon expansion while undergoing a reduction in pressure, absorbs heat and cools the coolant and increases its viscosity to provide a consistency that enhances its lubricity to minimize the generation of frictional heat during the machining process while enhancing conductive heat transfer into the machining tool.

Abstract: A wet, calcium-based, flue gas desulfurization process for reliably and cost effectively removing sulfur dioxide from the flue gas generated by the combustion of fossil flues containing sulfur includes the step of contacting the combustion flue gas preferably as a part of the scrubbing liquor, with an aqueous solution containing formate ions and a dissolved calcium concentration reduction agent. The latter reduces the dissolved calcium concentration present in the flue gas which, in turn reduces the coprecipitation and loss of formate within and from the system. Also, by contacting the flue gas with an aqueous solution comprising formate and thiosulfate ions, the formate coprecipitation within the system is reduced independent of the calcium concentration level within the system.

Abstract: A cleaning process is provided that is particularly advantageous for removing oil or oil-like material from porous parts such as porous internal combustion engine components such as valves.The process utilizes oil solubilizing solvents as well as alkaline soap and water solutions and mixtures of water soluble amines and water or deionized water in conjunction with alternate pressure and vacuum cycling to effect the cleaning.

Abstract: Processes are provided for cleaning metal in preparation for painting, coating, welding or other subsequent process. The processes all include rinsing the metal with a solution of deionized water and a water soluble amine having a vapor pressure of at least about 10% of the vapor pressure of water at 20.degree. C. resulting in an essentially residue and water spot free surface promoting welding and bonding of the paint or coating thereto as well as enhancing other subsequent processes that may be scheduled therefore.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating high power electro magnetic radiation in the millimeter or submillimeter range axial injection and adiabatic compression of an electron beam using large electric fields in an evacuated AXIOM (Axial Injection Orbitron Maser).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing foreign matter and tramp oil from a continuously recirculating metal working fluid. The process includes the use of saturated dissolved air flotation which, contrary to prior belief, is able to effectively remove the foreign matter and tramp oil in a quiescent manner with little or no foaming and without removing or harming any emulsions present in the metal working fluid. The process further includes the use of water soluble organic cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes where desired to flocculate the foreign matter and tramp oil to enhance their removal from the metal working fluid and a process by which the formation of foam at or near the surface of the metal working fluid being clarified is able to be suppressed.

Abstract: This weighing scale has a platform, a load cell supporting the platform and a base supporting the load cell. The load cell utilizes electrical strain gage elements, which are connected in an electrical circuit controlling an indicator. The scale is constructed to be unaffected by the eccentricity of the load on the platform. The scale is particularly suited for use in retail or other establishments, where loads are placed on the platform casually and rapidly, so that eccentric loading is common. The load cell comprises an integral block of material divided by milled apertures and recesses into two vertical members and three horizontal members connecting the vertical members. The platform is supported on one of the vertical members. The base is connected to the other vertical member. The upper and lower horizontal members carry most of the bending moments due to eccentric loads from one vertical member to the other.