Abstract: A magnetic sensor package comprising a magnetic multi-turn sensor die and a magnetic single turn sensor die, in which both sensor dies are packaged on the same lead frame. A method of manufacturing the magnetic sensor package is also provided. A magnetic sensor system comprising a rotating magnet and the magnetic sensor package, where the sensor package is arranged so that both sensor dies sit within a homogenous magnetic field, thereby ensuring that the output signal of each sensor is not corrupted by any stray fields.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor package comprising a magnetic multi-turn sensor die and a magnetic single turn sensor die, in which both sensor dies are packaged on the same lead frame. A method of manufacturing the magnetic sensor package is also provided. A magnetic sensor system comprising a rotating magnet and the magnetic sensor package, where the sensor package is arranged so that both sensor dies sit within a homogenous magnetic field, thereby ensuring that the output signal of each sensor is not corrupted by any stray fields.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of providing quadrant information to a magnetic sensing device comprising a magnetic angle sensor, and in particular, a magnetic angle sensor configured to provide 180° absolute angle measurements, such as a 180° anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) angle sensor, such that the magnetic sensing device outputs an analog signal encoded with 360° information. In this respect, magnetic sensing device is provided with a magnetic angle sensor and a quadrant detector, which may be provided on the same substrate or two separate substrates, wherein the signal from the quadrant detector is encoded into the analog sine and cosine voltage outputs from the magnetic angle sensor such that the two analog outputs provide 360° angle information.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor package comprising a magnetic multi-turn sensor die and a magnetic single turn sensor die, in which both sensor dies are packaged on the same lead frame. A method of manufacturing the magnetic sensor package is also provided. A magnetic sensor system comprising a rotating magnet and the magnetic sensor package, where the sensor package is arranged so that both sensor dies sit within a homogenous magnetic field, thereby ensuring that the output signal of each sensor is not corrupted by any stray fields.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring an optical sensor system comprising an array of intrinsic fiber optic sensors at an interrogator comprising an optical source and an optical detector. The method comprises the steps of emitting an optical signal to an array of intrinsic fiber optic sensors; detecting optical responses to the emitted signal from the sensors; associating each detected optical response with an individual sensor by determining within which region among a plurality of detection regions assigned to the individual sensors the optical response is detected wherein each detection region corresponds to a wavelength range in the bandwidth of the optical sensor system; and performing signal processing on each optical response to measure the value of the physical parameter detected by its associated sensor. A calibration of the detection region assigned to each sensor is performed at predetermined intervals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring an optical sensor system comprising an array of intrinsic fiber optic sensors at an interrogator comprising an optical source and an optical detector. The method comprises the steps of emitting an optical signal to an array of intrinsic fiber optic sensors; detecting optical responses to the emitted signal from the sensors; associating each detected optical response with an individual sensor by determining within which region among a plurality of detection regions assigned to the individual sensors the optical response is detected wherein each detection region corresponds to a wavelength range in the bandwidth of the optical sensor system; and performing signal processing on each optical response to measure the value of the physical parameter detected by its associated sensor. A calibration of the detection region assigned to each sensor is performed at predetermined intervals.

Abstract: In an arrangement of a traffic infrastructure and an optic sensor system (10, 20), the traffic infrastructure has a traffic carrying surface (51) for providing support of conveyance elements (92) of a vehicle (90), therewith allowing movements of the vehicle over the traffic carrying surface. The optic sensor system (10, 20) comprising an interrogator (10) and at least one fiber optic sensor (20) arranged below the traffic carrying surface that is coupled to the interrogator. The at least one fiber optic sensor (20) comprising an optic fiber (21) with a plurality of optic strain-sensor elements (22) distributed over its length. The plurality of optic strain-sensor elements (22) have mutually different optical characteristics, e.g. a mutually different characteristic wavelength.

Abstract: A system and method of determining the center of a peak of data points of an optical sensor are disclosed. The method can comprise the steps of performing an initial setup measurement of the sample points and extracting a peak; fitting the peak with a function that uses at least one of the peak's width, amplitude and center offset as fitting parameters; producing a set of linear equations which when solved calculate the optimum fit of a function to the peak assuming the previously calculated peak's width; and performing subsequent measurements of the data points to find peaks and solving the set of linear equations to determine the center of the peaks.

Abstract: The invention provides a measurement system to interrogate at least one birefringent optical sensor and a method to interrogate birefringent optical sensors at high speed and high resolution. The system and method detects, at least, a first and a second spectral feature that are polarization dependent, wherein the detected first and second spectral features correspond to different responses of at least one birefringent optical sensor.

Abstract: In an arrangement of a traffic infrastructure and an optic sensor system (10, 20), the traffic infrastructure has a traffic carrying surface (51) for providing support of conveyance elements (92) of a vehicle (90), therewith allowing movements of the vehicle over the traffic carrying surface. The optic sensor system (10, 20) comprising an interrogator (10) and at least one fiber optic sensor (20) arranged below the traffic carrying surface that is coupled to the interrogator. The at least one fiber optic sensor (20) comprising an optic fiber (21) with a plurality of optic strain-sensor elements (22) distributed over its length. The plurality of optic strain-sensor elements (22) have mutually different optical characteristics, e.g. a mutually different characteristic wavelength.

Abstract: The invention provides a measurement system to interrogate at least one birefringent optical sensor and a method to interrogate birefringent optical sensors at high speed and high resolution. The system and method detects, at least, a first and a second spectral feature that are polarization dependent, wherein the detected first and second spectral features correspond to different responses of at least one birefringent optical sensor.

Abstract: The invention provides a dynamically swept tunable laser system and method for measuring sensor characteristics obtained from an array of optical sensors comprising means for dividing the total wavelength sweep of the laser into different regions in any particular order where each region contains single or multiple contiguous sweep segments and where each sweep segment is referenced by a start and a stop reference and can have different lengths compared to the other sweep segments. The sensor characteristics are determined from each region swept by the tunable laser. The invention provides for the tunable laser to be adapted to operate in a quasi-continuous mode to select segments in any order. The relative sweep rates of regions can be changed such that some regions can be swept more times than other regions.

Abstract: In an isolation system, different analog to digital converters (“ADCs”) are provided on a first side of an isolation barrier. Outputs from the ADCs may be merged into a common data stream and communicated across the isolation barrier by a single isolation device. The ADCs may sample independent signals or may sample a common signal. When the ADCs sample a common signal, the system may monitor the input signal for fault conditions. During no fault operation, results of an analog-to-digital conversion may be communicated across an isolation barrier by an isolation device. During a fault condition, data representing the fault condition may replace the ADC data in communication across the isolation barrier. Fault conditions may be signaled by unique data patterns that can be distinguished from ADC data.

Abstract: A system and method of determining the centre of a peak of data points of an optical sensor are disclosed. The method can comprise the steps of performing an initial setup measurement of the sample points and extracting a peak; fitting the peak with a function that uses at least one of the peak's width, amplitude and centre offset as fitting parameters; producing a set of linear equations which when solved calculate the optimum fit of a function to the peak assuming the previously calculated peak's width; and performing subsequent measurements of the data points to fmd peaks and solving the set of linear equations to determine the centre of the peaks.

Abstract: The invention relates to tracing the execution path of a computer program comprising at least one module including a plurality of instructions. At least one of these instructions is a branch instruction. Each branch instruction is identified and evaluated to be one of true and false. An evaluation of true results in a unique identifier being pushed into a predefined area of storage. This unique identifier is associated with the instructions executed as a result of an evaluation of true.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and a method for wavelength referencing and polarization mitigation. An optical wavelength tunable laser source is swept in a number of contiguous, overlapping sweep segments. A coarse reference wavelength section produces a reference signal that defines at least one absolute wavelength within a sweep segment. A fine wavelength reference section produces a periodic wavelength reference signal that defines a plurality of equidistant wavelengths within each sweep segment with an indeterminate offset relative to the absolute wavelength(s) of the coarse reference wavelength section. The free spectral range of the fine wavelength reference section is smaller than the spacing between subsequent absolute reference wavelengths of the coarse reference wavelength section. This arrangement allows reducing the minimum required overlap between contiguous sweep segments.

Abstract: In an isolation system, different analog to digital converters (“ADCs”) are provided on a first side of an isolation barrier. Outputs from the ADCs may be merged into a common data stream and communicated across the isolation barrier by a single isolation device. The ADCs may sample independent signals or may sample a common signal. When the ADCs sample a common signal, the system may monitor the input signal for fault conditions. During no fault operation, results of an analog-to-digital conversion may be communicated across an isolation barrier by an isolation device. During a fault condition, data representing the fault condition may replace the ADC data in communication across the isolation barrier. Fault conditions may be signaled by unique data patterns that can be distinguished from ADC data.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and a method for wavelength referencing and polarization mitigation. An optical wavelength tunable laser source is swept in a number of contiguous, overlapping sweep segments. A coarse reference wavelength section produces a reference signal that defines at least one absolute wavelength within a sweep segment. A fine wavelength reference section produces a periodic wavelength reference signal that defines a plurality of equidistant wavelengths within each sweep segment with an indeterminate offset relative to the absolute wavelength(s) of the coarse reference wavelength section. The free spectral range of the fine wavelength reference section is smaller than the spacing between subsequent absolute reference wavelengths of the coarse reference wavelength section. This arrangement allows reducing the minimum required overlap between contiguous sweep segments.

Abstract: The invention provides a dynamically swept tunable laser system and method for measuring sensor characteristics obtained from an array of optical sensors comprising means for dividing the total wavelength sweep of the laser into different regions in any particular order where each region contains single or multiple contiguous sweep segments and where each sweep segment is referenced by a start and a stop reference and can have different lengths compared to the other sweep segments. The sensor characteristics are determined from each region swept by the tunable laser. The invention provides for the tunable laser to be adapted to operate in a quasi-continuous mode to select segments in any order. The relative sweep rates of regions can be changed such that some regions can be swept more times than other regions.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material liquefaction apparatus which uses a nozzle assembly to supply a pressurised liquid towards a carbonaceous material as a high velocity liquid. A supply line (46, 39) supplies the high pressure liquid to the nozzle assembly (38). The high velocity liquid reacts with the carbonaceous material (35) in a reaction zone (40) to produce a processed carbonaceous material. A product return line (34, 42) returns the processed carbonaceous material and entrained liquid to a processing plant. The processing plant comprises a heat exchanger (44) to transfer heat from the product return line to the supply line, a high pressure pump (48) to provide the high pressure liquid to the supply line, a separator (52) in the product return line downstream of the heat exchanger to separate gas (54) and oil (56) product from the entrained liquid, at least part of the liquid (58) being recycled (64) to the high pressure pump. The reaction can be carried out in-situ or in an above ground reaction chamber (70).