Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor comprising an electrode and a membrane in which the biosensor includes at least two zones each zone differing from each other zone in a property. The membrane includes a plurality of ionophores, at least a proportion of which are capable of lateral diffusion within the membrane. A plurality of first binding partner molecules are attached to membrane elements positioned within a first zone such that the first binding partner molecules are prevented from diffusing laterally into a second zone. Second binding partner molecules are attached to the ionophores and the rate of lateral diffusion within the membrane of the first binding partner molecules and second binding partner molecules is different.

Abstract: The toothbrush includes a brushhead portion having a bristle section in the vicinity of a distal end thereof. The toothbrush also includes a handle portion, with the brushhead portion being removable from the handle portion. The brushhead includes a memory element therein which contains identification information, in one embodiment, use information for the brushhead, while the handle portion includes a microcontroller which accumulates information concerning use of the brushhead. Electrical communication elements from the memory element and the microcontroller connect together when the brushhead is operatively in place on the handle, providing a data communication capability between the memory element and the microcontroller.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor comprising an electrode and a membrane in which the biosensor includes at least two zones each zone differing from each other zone in a property. The membrane includes a plurality of ionophores, at least a proportion of which are capable of lateral diffusion within the membrane. A plurality of first binding partner molecules are attached to membrane elements positioned within a first zone such that the first binding partner molecules are prevented from diffusing laterally into a second zone. Second binding partner molecules are attached to the ionophores and the rate of lateral diffusion within the membrane of the first binding partner molecules and second binding partner molecules is different.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor comprising an electrode and a membrane in which the biosensor includes at least two zones each zone differing from each other zone in a property. The membrane includes a plurality of ionophores, at least a proportion of which are capable of lateral diffusion within the membrane. A plurality of first binding partner molecules are attached to membrane elements positioned within a first zone such that the first binding partner molecules are prevented from diffusing laterally into a second zone. Second binding partner molecules are attached to the ionophores and the rate of lateral diffusion within the membrane of the first binding partner molecules and second binding partner molecules is different.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising:(1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations;(2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode;(3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and(4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: An X-ray label includes a substrate that is transparent to X-ray radiation and X-ray absorbing pigment deposited on the substrate in images that provide identification data under visible light and that create corresponding images in an X-ray film emulsion layer when the film is exposed to X-ray radiation. Preferably, the X-ray absorbing pigment is deposited on the substrate using a thermal print process to quickly and consistently transfer X-ray absorbing pigment characters from the ribbon to the X-ray transparent substrate.