Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods of optical particle counters which account and adjust for the refractive index of the carrier fluid being analyzed. The provided systems are robust and may be implemented in a variety of optical particle counters including obscured light, reflected light, emitted light and scattered light particle counters. The described systems may be useful with any fluid, including gases or liquids. In some cases, the system can account for the differences in refractive index between two liquids, for example, ultrapure water and an acid, such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, acetic, phosphoric, chromic phosphoric, and the like. By accounting for the refractive index of the carrier fluid, the described systems and methods are also more sensitive and able to more accurately detect and characterize smaller particles, including nanoscale sized particles.

Abstract: A flexible foot abduction apparatus allowing movement in a horizontal and vertical plane with an elongated member made of a shape memory material. The elongated bar is shaped such that it has both vertical and horizontal aspects to allow a user to more easily manipulate the apparatus in one or both planes. The elongated member has an original shape which can be selectively forced into a second shape by a user and then return to the original shape.

Abstract: A flexible foot abduction apparatus allowing movement in a horizontal and vertical plane with an elongated member made of a shape memory material. The elongated bar is shaped such that it has both vertical and horizontal aspects to allow a user to more easily manipulate the apparatus in one or both planes. The elongated member has an original shape which can be selectively forced into a second shape by a user and then return to the original shape.

Abstract: A system for connecting parts of a device used to treat club foot. An elongated member is attachable one or more mounting plates. The angle between the elongated member and the mounting plates can be varied by changing a channel of the mounting plates.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods of optical particle counters which account and adjust for the refractive index of the carrier fluid being analyzed. The provided systems are robust and may be implemented in a variety of optical particle counters including obscured light, reflected light, emitted light and scattered light particle counters. The described systems may be useful with any fluid, including gases or liquids. In some cases, the system can account for the differences in refractive index between two liquids, for example, ultrapure water and an acid, such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, acetic, phosphoric, chromic phosphoric, and the like. By accounting for the refractive index of the carrier fluid, the described systems and methods are also more sensitive and able to more accurately detect and characterize smaller particles, including nanoscale sized particles.

Abstract: An AFO for use in the Ponseti method which is bar-less and provides for readily interchangeable structures for providing differing articulation resistance. In one embodiment, the readily interchangeable structure is a flexible member achieving connection between and the majority of the separation between the shoe and the calf engaging structure. In another embodiment, an articulated arm with two rigid segments joined at a spring loaded hinge, with interchangeable spring canisters is used.

Abstract: A flexible foot abduction apparatus allowing movement in a horizontal and vertical plane with an elongated member made of a shape memory material. The elongated bar is shaped such that it has both vertical and horizontal aspects to allow a user to more easily manipulate the apparatus in one or both planes. The elongated member has an original shape which can be selectively forced into a second shape by a user and then return to the original shape.

Abstract: An AFO for use in the Ponseti method which is bar-less and provides for readily interchangeable structures for providing differing articulation resistance. In one embodiment, the readily interchangeable structure is a flexible member achieving connection between and the majority of the separation between the shoe and the calf engaging structure. In another embodiment, an articulated arm with two rigid segments joined at a spring loaded hinge, with interchangeable spring canisters is used.

Abstract: A model for practicing surgical procedures which involve the cutting of skin and or tendons. A covering representing skin is stretched around a frame. A band can be added which represents tendons or ligaments. An elongated rod assists in maintaining the position of the covering and the band. Once the covering and band is cut, a new covering and new band can be placed on the frame.

Abstract: A system for connecting parts of a device used to treat club foot. An elongated member is attachable one or more mounting plates. The angle between the elongated member and the mounting plates can be varied by changing a channel of the mounting plates.

Abstract: A model for practicing surgical procedures which involve the cutting of skin and or tendons. A covering representing skin is stretched around a frame. A band can be added which represents tendons or ligaments. An elongated rod assists in maintaining the position of the covering and the band. Once the covering and band is cut, a new covering and new band can be placed on the frame.

Abstract: An improved foot abduction apparatus allowing movement in a horizontal and vertical plane. The embodiments allow a user to more easily manipulate the apparatus in one or both planes through the use of strategically placed pivot points. The device utilizes at least one rigid member attached to coupling devices which contain at least one pivot point. The specialized coupling devices may be selectively attached to shoe receiving member or plates which are well known in the art. Additionally the shoe receiving members are able to receive an improved shoe containing a sole member contained with a silicone boot.

Abstract: An improved foot abduction apparatus allowing movement in a horizontal and vertical plane. The embodiments allow a user to more easily manipulate the apparatus in one or both planes through the use of strategically placed pivot points. The device utilizes at least one rigid member attached to coupling devices which contain at least one pivot point. The specialized coupling devices may be selectively attached to shoe receiving member or plates which are well known in the art. Additionally the shoe receiving members are able to receive an improved shoe containing a sole member contained with a silicone boot.

Abstract: An improved foot abduction apparatus allowing movement in a horizontal and vertical plane. The embodiments allow a user to more easily manipulate the apparatus in one or both planes through the use of strategically placed pivot points. The device utilizes at least one rigid member attached to coupling devices which contain at least one pivot point. The specialized coupling devices may be selectively attached to shoe receiving member or plates which are well known in the art. Additionally the shoe receiving members are able to receive an improved shoe containing a sole member contained with a silicone boot.

Abstract: A system and method for comfortably restraining a child's feet undergoing the Ponseti method for treatment of clubfeet, using a foot and ankle abduction orthosis, where the improvement includes a shoe with a single piece sole and quick release slot with an adjustable hinged heel support member, as well as having a soft pliable area around the feet and ankle support with lateral support bands to limit foot plantar flexion.

Abstract: An improved foot abduction brace device in which the shoe are connected by an abduction bar which is a single bar that can be bent by the treating heal care professional to hold the shoes in the desired angles of abduction and dorsiflexion. The abduction bar is bent near the heel portion of the shoe and is made of a material that allows the bar to retain the selected position once bent. However, the bar is sufficiently strong so that the child cannot bend the bar and therefore change the selected angles.

Abstract: An improved foot abduction brace device in which the shoe are connected by an abduction bar which is a single bar that can be bent by the treating heal care professional to hold the shoes in the desired angles of abduction and dorsiflexion. The abduction bar is bent near the heel portion of the shoe and is made of a material that allows the bar to retain the selected position once bent. However, the bar is sufficiently strong so that the child cannot bend the bar and therefore change the selected angles.

Abstract: A system and method for comfortably restraining a child's feet undergoing the Ponseti method for treatment of club feet, using a foot and ankle abduction orthosis, where the improvement includes a shoe with an integral sole and attachment mechanism, as well as having a soft pliable area around the feet and ankle support.

Abstract: A bubble-forming wand that includes a handle, a loop, and apparatus for attaching the loop to the handle. The loop is flexible and severed so as to from a pair of ends. In a first embodiment, the apparatus includes a tee-fitting. The pair of ends of the loop receive a lateral portion of the tee fitting, respectively, while a proximal end of the handle receives an axial portion of the tee-fitting. In a second embodiment, the apparatus includes a straight-fitting. The pair of ends of the loop receive the straight-fitting, respectively, while the proximal end of the handle is split, wraps around the straight-fitting, enters back into itself, and in so doing, captures the straight-fitting.