Abstract: Described is a method of detecting and/or determining levels of incorporation of monolignol ferulate conjugate esters into lignin by derivatizing the lignin, reductively cleaving the lignin, labeling the cleavage products, and then detecting cleavage products derived from monolignol ester conjugates via differential attachment of the label.

Abstract: The invention relates to nucleic acids encoding a p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase and to inhibitory nucleic acids adapted to inhibit the expression and/or translation of a p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase RNA. Inhibition of p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase in plants improves the incorporation of monolignol ferulates into the lignin of plants, giving rise to plant biomass that is more easily processed into useful products such as paper and biofuels.

Abstract: Antimicrobial diferulates, compositions containing same, and uses of same for inhibiting growth of microorganisms. The antimicrobial diferulates can be used alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents to inhibit growth of microorganisms such as fungi, oomycetes, and other microorganisms having a glucan-containing cell wall. The antimicrobial diferulates can be included in pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of animals or included in agricultural compositions for treatment of plants, crops, and soils.

Abstract: The present invention discloses immunomodulating compositions. More particularly, the present invention discloses compositions comprising an immune-modulating agent and a lectin-interactive agent, which are useful for stimulating and prolonging host immune cell responses. The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a range of conditions including pathogenic infections, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, graft versus host disease, allergies, inflammatory disease, as well as cancers and tumours.

Abstract: Motion-damping systems and methods that include motion-damping systems are disclosed herein. The motion-damping systems are configured to damp relative motion between a base structure and an attached component that define a gap therebetween. The systems include an at least substantially rigid tubular structure that defines an internal volume and extends within the gap. The systems also include a magnetic assembly and a magnetically active body. One of the magnetic assembly and the magnetically active body is located within the tubular structure and the other of the magnetic assembly and the magnetically active body is operatively attached to a selected one of the base structure and the attached component. The magnetic assembly is in magnetic communication with the magnetically active body such that a magnetic interaction therebetween resists motion of the attached component relative to the base structure. The methods include dissipating energy with the motion-damping system.

Abstract: Motion-damping systems and methods that include motion-damping systems are disclosed herein. The motion-damping systems include a flexible body that is configured to extend within a gap that is defined between a base structure and an attached component. The motion-damping systems further include a magnetic assembly and a ferromagnetic body. One of the magnetic assembly and the ferromagnetic body is located within the flexible body and the other of the magnetic assembly and the ferromagnetic body is operatively affixed to a selected one of the base structure and the attached component. The magnetic assembly and the ferromagnetic body are oriented such that a magnetic force therebetween retains the flexible body in physical contact with the selected one of the base structure and the attached component. The methods include methods of installing and/or operating the motion-dampening systems.

Abstract: The present invention discloses immunomodulating compositions. More particularly, the present invention discloses compositions comprising an immune-modulating agent and a lectin-interactive agent, which are useful for stimulating and prolonging host immune cell responses. The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a range of conditions including pathogenic infections, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, graft versus host disease, allergies, inflammatory disease, as well as cancers and tumours.

Abstract: A composite tube is made by applying a mixture of individual reinforcing fibers and a resin onto the interior cylindrical wall of the spinning mandrel.

Abstract: A dental instrument device includes a middle body with two ends, a pair of removable instrument tips, a pair of securing collets, and a pair of removable end caps. Each end of the middle body terminates in a middle body/instrument tip connection interface that receives a right-handed instrument tip only in a first orientation and a left-handed instrument tip only in a second orientation differing from the first orientation. The removable instrument tips have a similar middle body/instrument tip connection interface, and a working instrument end with a right-handed or a left-handed orientation. A right-handed instrument tip is releasably connected to the first middle body/instrument tip connection interface, and a left-handed instrument tip is releasably connected to the second middle body/instrument tip connection interface, with the right-handed and left-handed orientations being visually distinguishable one from the other by casual observation of an ordinary observer.

Abstract: A composite tube is made by applying a mixture of individual reinforcing fibers and a resin onto the interior cylindrical wall of the spinning mandrel.

Abstract: A screen support frame comprising, a perimeter disposed in a horizontal plane, defining a vertical direction normal to said plane, said perimeter reinforced by an arrangement of reinforcing wires, said arrangement comprising a first array of substantially parallel structural wires extending between opposing regions of the perimeter in a first horizontal plane, a second array of substantially parallel structural wires extending between opposing regions of the perimeter in a second horizontal plane, said first and second arrays of structural wires being aligned at an angle to each other and in contact with each other thus forming a plurality of contact points between structural wires of the first and second array respectively, the arrangement further comprising at least one additional structural wire, said additional structural wire extending between opposing regions of the perimeter and being positioned parallel to, and substantially vertically spaced from, a wire in the first array of structural wires, and in

Abstract: The invention relates to isolated nucleic acids encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase and feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzymes. The isolated nucleic acids and/or the enzymes enable incorporation of monolignol ferulates into the lignin of plants, where such monolignol ferulates include, for example, p-coumaryl ferulate, coniferyl ferulate, and/or sinapyl ferulate. The invention also includes methods and plants that include nucleic acids encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzyme and/or feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzymes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an electromagnetic acoustic transducer. An apparatus comprises a conductive material and a current inducer. The conductive material is configured to generate a magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field has magnetic flux lines that are substantially fixed and the conductive material has a temperature that is equal to or less than a critical temperature at which the conductive material has substantially zero electrical resistance. The current inducer is configured to cause an electric current to flow in a test object that interacts with the magnetic field, wherein the electric current has a frequency that generates an acoustic wave in the test object.

Abstract: An aircraft component includes an exterior surface exposed to external airflow during flight, an interior surface, and a locally thickened fastening portion between the exterior and interior surfaces. An area of the interior surface on the locally thickened fastening portion is substantially parallel to an area of the exterior surface on the locally thickened fastening portion. The thickness of the aircraft component between the exterior surface and the interior surface is greater at the fastening portion than at an area surrounding the fastening portion. When the additional component is fastened to the substantially parallel area of the interior surface on the fastening portion with mechanical fasteners, the mechanical fasteners do not penetrate the exterior surface.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to building construction, and more particularly to studs for use in wall panels used in the construction of foundation walls and upper floor exterior walls. The invention provides a structural wall system to support building loads and lateral earth pressure from adjacent ground, said system comprising a wall assembly using plurality of studs preferably formed from metal located side by side and each having a cross section comprising an orthogonal lip section with interior flange section, a web section, and an exterior diaphragm section orthogonal to the web section and having a first recessed shoulder on the open distal end and a second recessed shoulder on the bend line integral with the web section. The wall system may be assembled using a standard steel channel as a starting point. The stud diaphragm of the present invention extends laterally from the web portion with the distal edge to be aligned with and fastened to the standard steel channel.

Abstract: A system to determine the mass of a precious metal existing with an alloy specimen where the purity concentration of the precious metal within the alloy is known by a user is provided. The system includes an assembly for weighing the alloy specimen, the assembly including an adjustable setting to permit the user to input the known purity concentration, a processor programmed to calculate the mass of the precious metal based upon the weight of the alloy and the purity concentration, and a display for visually displaying the precious metal mass to the user.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing modified lignin and the resulting non-natural modified lignin product in which a lignin-producing polymerization reaction is performed using a polymerizable monomer having the structure: wherein at least one of the polymerizable monomers is incorporated into the resulting lignin.

Abstract: Described is an isolated lignified plant cell wall including lignin, wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein, such as from coniferyl ferulate and/or sinapyl ferulate. Also described is a method to make the isolated lignified plant cell wall, and the lignin produced by the method.

Abstract: This invention relates to anti-cancer compounds and to methods for treating or preventing cancer. In one aspect the invention concerns mitochondrially delivered pro-oxidant anti-cancer compounds that generate reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis of cancerous cells. The delivery moiety can be a lipophilic cation and the pro-oxidant vitamin E analogue, such as ?-tocopheryl succinate, ?-tocopheryl maleate, ?-tocopheryl maleyl amide, or 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2R-(4R,8R,12-trimethyltridecyl)-chroman-6-yloxyacetic acid (?-tocopheryloxyacetic acid).

Abstract: Described is an isolated lignified plant cell wall including lignin, wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein, such as from coniferyl ferulate and/or sinapyl ferulate. Also described is a method to make the isolated lignified plant cell wall, and the lignin produced by the method.