Abstract: A floor includes structural floor joist that includes a flange and tabs punched out of the flange (forming holes in the flange). Flooring material of the floor that extrudes through at least one of the holes is bonded to some of the tabs and the flange of the structural floor joist, forming a bonded composite assembly of the structural floor joist and the forming material, that has a centroid that is located in or near the forming material, placing some of the forming material in compression and placing at least 90% of the structural floor joist in tension.

Abstract: A protective screen system having a protective screen made up of a protective screen frame and a primary net, and including a protective screen safety apparatus coupled to the protective screen. The protective screen safety apparatus includes spacing connectors adapted to couple a structure such as a protective screen frame, and support and suspend a safety net in front of and spaced from the protective screen frame to minimize bounce back of a ball from the protective screen frame. Methods of protecting a batter with the protective screen safety apparatus are provided. Retrofitting and adjustable protective screen safety apparatus are described, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A protective screen system having a protective screen made up of a protective screen frame and a primary net, and including a protective screen safety apparatus coupled to the protective screen. The protective screen safety apparatus includes one or more spacing connectors adapted to couple a structure such as a protective screen frame, and support and suspend a safety net in front of and spaced from the protective screen frame to minimize bounce back of a ball from the protective screen frame. Methods of protecting a batter with the protective screen safety apparatus are provided. Retrofitting and adjustable protective screen safety apparatus are described, including embodiments adapted to minimize damage to chain-link fences, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A panel includes structural studs, each of the structural studs includes a central longitudinal axis, a baseplate, and a sidewall extending from the baseplate, and tabs punched out of the sidewall, each of the tabs including a tab leg that is connected to the sidewall at one end of the tab leg, and that projects outwardly from the sidewall, and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving in a direction that is toward a plane extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis through the one end of the tab leg, and away from a hole in the sidewall created by the tab being punched out of the sidewall, wherein the hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side, and the tab leg the extends from the base side.

Abstract: A panel includes structural studs, each of the structural studs includes a central longitudinal axis, a baseplate, and a sidewall extending from the baseplate, and tabs punched out of the sidewall, each of the tabs including a tab leg that is connected to the sidewall at one end of the tab leg, and that projects outwardly from the sidewall, and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving in a direction that is toward a plane extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis through the one end of the tab leg, and away from a hole in the sidewall created by the tab being punched out of the sidewall, wherein the hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side, and the tab leg the extends from the base side.

Abstract: A panel includes structural studs, each of the structural studs includes a central longitudinal axis, a baseplate, and a sidewall extending from the baseplate, and tabs punched out of the sidewall, each of the tabs including a tab leg that is connected to the sidewall at one end of the tab leg, and that projects outwardly from the sidewall, and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving in a direction that is toward a plane extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis through the one end of the tab leg, and away from a hole in the sidewall created by the tab being punched out of the sidewall, wherein the hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side, and the tab leg the extends from the base side.

Abstract: A protective screen system having a protective screen made up of a protective screen frame and a primary net, and including a protective screen safety apparatus coupled to the protective screen. The protective screen safety apparatus includes one or more spacing connectors adapted to couple a structure such as a protective screen frame, and support and suspend a safety net in front of and spaced from the protective screen frame to minimize bounce back of a ball from the protective screen frame. Methods of protecting a batter with the protective screen safety apparatus are provided. Retrofitting and adjustable protective screen safety apparatus are described, including embodiments adapted to minimize damage to chain-link fences, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A protective screen apparatus including a central protective screen, and a free-standing, hinged side wing. Hinged side wing may be configured and capable of being rapidly decoupled from a primary frame of the central protective screen. The hinged side wing may be readily moved from the right to the left side of the primary frame, thereby easily converting the protective screen apparatus to left-handed configuration or right-handed configuration. Some embodiments include spring biasing of the hinged side wing to absorb at least some ball impact when the hinged side wings pivots upon being struck with a ball. Methods of reconfiguring and protecting a batter with the protective screen apparatus, and an attachable/detachable ball basket are provided, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A panel includes structural studs, each of the structural studs includes a central longitudinal axis, a baseplate, and a sidewall extending from the baseplate, and tabs punched out of the sidewall, each of the tabs including a tab leg that is connected to the sidewall at one end of the tab leg, and that projects outwardly from the sidewall, and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving in a direction that is toward a plane extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis through the one end of the tab leg, and away from a hole in the sidewall created by the tab being punched out of the sidewall, wherein the hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side, and the tab leg the extends from the base side.

Abstract: A panel includes structural studs, each of the structural studs includes a central longitudinal axis, a baseplate, and a sidewall extending from the baseplate, and tabs punched out of the sidewall, each of the tabs including a tab leg that is connected to the sidewall at one end of the tab leg, and that projects outwardly from the sidewall, and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving in a direction that is toward a plane extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis through the one end of the tab leg, and away from a hole in the sidewall created by the tab being punched out of the sidewall, wherein the hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side, and the tab leg the extends from the base side.

Abstract: Embodiments of a structural stud and panel for use in building a tilt-wall building are disclosed. Devices and methods for forming structural studs and panels are also disclosed.

Abstract: A protective screen system having a protective screen made up of a protective screen frame and a primary net, and including a protective screen safety apparatus coupled to the protective screen. The protective screen safety apparatus includes one or more spacing connectors adapted to couple a structure such as a protective screen frame, and support and suspend a safety net in front of and spaced from the protective screen frame to minimize bounce back of a ball from the protective screen frame. Methods of protecting a batter with the protective screen safety apparatus are provided. Retrofitting and adjustable protective screen safety apparatus are described, including embodiments adapted to minimize damage to chain-link fences, as are other aspects.

Abstract: Embodiments of a structural stud and panel for use in building a tilt-wall building are disclosed. Devices and methods for forming structural studs and panels are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a panel for use in building a tilt-wall building are disclosed, some of which comprise a plurality of structural studs, each comprising: a baseplate; an exterior-facing sidewall and an interior-facing sidewall connected by the baseplate; and a tab punched out of each of the sidewalls; an exterior concrete surface in which the tabs punched out of the exterior-facing sidewalls are embedded; and an interior concrete surface in which the tabs punched out of the interior-facing sidewalls are embedded; where the exterior and interior concrete surfaces are substantially planar surfaces that are substantially parallel to each other. Methods for forming tilt-wall panels are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a structural stud and panel for use in building a tilt-wall building are disclosed. Devices and methods for forming structural studs and panels are also disclosed.