Structural Floor and Roof Joists
A floor includes structural floor joist that includes a flange and tabs punched out of the flange (forming holes in the flange). Flooring material of the floor that extrudes through at least one of the holes is bonded to some of the tabs and the flange of the structural floor joist, forming a bonded composite assembly of the structural floor joist and the forming material, that has a centroid that is located in or near the forming material, placing some of the forming material in compression and placing at least 90% of the structural floor joist in tension.
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The present disclosure generally relates to the field of building construction. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to devices and methods for floor construction and roof construction, as well as a monolithic structure.
2. Related ArtIn
All of the conventional pre-cast structural floor systems involve either placing the pre-cast forming material between the joists and adhering them to the joists or laying the pre-cast flooring on top of the joists.
All of the conventional site cast structural floor system applications involve one of the following: applying the structural floor system over the joists; applying the structural floor system between the joists or applying the structural floor system between and over the joists. The conventional site case applications involve either a support onto which the cementitious forming material is cast that is affixed between the joists or a deck on top of the joists.
SUMMARYAn important aspect is that the structural floor joist facilitates the communication of stress, compression and tension between the component parts of the structural floor joist allowing components of the structural floor joist to work in an integrated, monolithic and composite fashion. An increased level of bonding between the structural floor joist and forming material (or in instances where a metal deck is used, between the structural floor joist, the metal deck and floor material) allows for design considerations with respect to the level of transfer of stress, compression and tension through the placement of the centroid above the midpoint of the joist all of the way to the top of tab. Materials used in the structural floor joist; the material and design of the metal deck and the materials used for the design mix of the forming material can all be adjusted as called for by the design to effect the strength-to-weight as well as the deflection of the finished structural floor joist. Increasing the strength-to-weight ratio and the amount of deflection of the finished structural floor joist results in longer spans and an increase in the distance in the distance between joists. The composite nature and decreased deflection as well as the ability to adjust the strength and weight characteristics of the joist, the metal deck and the forming material also allows for the opportunity to decrease the thickness of the structural floor joist and increase the thermal dynamic capability of the structural floor joist. The same attributes also result and allow for decrease in cost and providing a structural floor joist with the same structural capacity and deflection as conventional structural floor joists, but at a lower cost.
The level of bonding between the joist, metal deck and floor material result in a monolithic sheer plane to increase the structural capacity of the walls, foundations and roof of the structure in which the structural floor joist is used. The increase in bonding between the structural floor joist and forming material results in a composite relationship of the sheer plane created by the structural floor joist and a load bearing exterior wall.
The structural floor joist can also be used as a roofing system using rafters with the same tab system, with or w/o a roof metal deck. The roofing system bonds the rafter with the roof deck and roofing material to increase the strength-to-weight ratio towards a composite in the same matter as the floor system. The forming and roofing systems can both be used to create even higher strength-to-weight ratios in the total structure of the structural floor joist and the roofing system resulting in a structure approaching a true composite nature.
In some implementations, a floor includes a forming material and a cold form metal floor joist having: a flange having a central longitudinal axis and a web that extends from the flange, a plurality of tabs punched out of the flange, forming a hole for each of the plurality of tabs, forming a plurality of holes, wherein a portion of the forming material extrudes through at least one of the holes and the portion of the forming material is bonded to the tabs and the flange of the metal floor joist, forming a bond approaching or achieving a true composite state. The increased composite nature of the flooring and the metal joist result in having a centroid above the center of the web and typically that is located at or near the bottom of the forming material, typically placing 100% or near 100% of the forming material in compression and placing more than 50% and typically at least 90% of the metal floor joist in tension. In this implementation, the forming material is optimally utilized because the greatest structural attribute of the forming material is its compressive strength and the metal joist is optimally utilized because the greatest structural attribute of cold form metal is its high tensile strength, thus by increasing the bonding between the metal floor joist and the forming material and thus increasing the composite state of the two components the overall structural strength of the floor system is greatly increased.
Implementations of the present disclosure include a structural floor joist that allows for improved adhesion between the floor joist that is made of cold formed metal and the forming material.
A further benefit of the structural floor joist of certain implementations of the present disclosure is that the structural floor joist can be formed by a device and a process that is less expensive and has less problems than the devices and processes by which conventional floor joists are formed.
In certain implementations, the structural floor joist of the present disclosure includes a floor joist having a flange and a tab punched out of the flange, the tab comprising: a tab leg that is substantially planar and extends from the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving either away from or toward a hole in the flange created by the tab punched out of the flange.
In some implementations, the hole in the flange is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side and the tab leg extends from the base side.
In certain implementations, the structural floor joist includes a plurality of tabs of undefined spacing. In still other implementations, the plurality of tabs is spaced such that the center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections to the flange are at or about six inches. In other implementations, the center-to-center spacings between tab leg extensions from the flange are about four inches. In other implementations, the center-to-center spacings between tab leg extensions from the flange are other dimensions.
Implementations of the present disclosure include a structural floor joist that allows for improved adhesion between the floor joist that is made of cold formed metal and the forming material. A further benefit of the structural floor joist of certain implementations of the present disclosure is that it can be formed by a device and a process that is less expensive and has less problems than the devices and processes by which other floor joists are formed. In certain implementations, the structural floor joist of the present disclosure includes a floor joist having a flange and a tab punched out of the flange, the tab comprising: a tab leg that is substantially planar and extends from the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving either away from or toward a hole in the flange created by the tab punched out of the flange. In some implementations, the hole in the flange is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side and the tab leg extends from the base side. In certain implementations, the structural floor joist includes a plurality of tabs. In still other implementations, the plurality of tabs is spaced such that the center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections to the flange is at or about six inches. In other implementations, the center-to-center spacings between tab leg extensions from the flange is about four inches. In other implementations, the center-to-center spacings between tab leg extensions from the flange are other dimensions.
Implementations of the present disclosure also include a method of forming a structural floor joist comprising obtaining a floor joist having a flange; striking the flange of the floor joist with a punch; and forcing the punch into a die, creating a tab punched out of the flange, the tab comprising: a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at to the flange; may contain the foot away from or toward a hole in the flange created by the tab punched out of the flange. In some implementations, the hole created in the flange is defined by a base side and a top side, and the tab leg extends from the base side. In other implementations, the flange of the floor joist is struck with a plurality of punches, creating a plurality of tabs in the flange. In certain implementations, the plurality of tabs are spaced such that the center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections to the flange can be any dimension. In still other implementations, the center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections to the flange are defined about four inches or 6 inches. In yet another implementation, the tab is created in one strike of the flange with the punch.
Implementations of the present disclosure also include a device for forming a structural floor joist comprising a punch for striking a flange of the floor joist and a die into which the punch is forced, where striking the flange with the punch and forcing the punch into the die creates a tab punched out of the flange, the tab comprising: a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving either away from or toward a hole in the flange created by the tab punched out of the flange. In some implementations, the hole in the flange is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side and the tab leg extends from the base side. In other implementations, the device includes a plurality of punches and dies and creates a plurality of tabs in the flange. In certain implementations, the plurality of tabs is spaced such that the center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections to the flange is less than about six inches. In still other implementations, the center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections to the flange is about four inches. In yet another implementation, the device is capable of creating the tab in one strike of the flange with the punch.
Implementations of the present disclosure also include a method of building a floor comprising: obtaining a plurality of structural floor joists, each floor joist comprising: a floor joist having a flange; and a tab punched out of the flange, the tab comprising: a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving either away from or toward a hole in the flange created by the tab punched out of the flange; combining the plurality of structural floor joists with a structural reinforcement (structural mesh or microfibers) on a substantially horizontal surface such that the floor joists and mesh are substantially parallel to each other and to the substantially horizontal surface and there are voids formed between the structural floor joists; embedding the structural floor joists and structural reinforcement in forming material to form a floor.
In pre-cast some implementations, the method further includes laying lifting anchors in the voids formed between the structural floor joists prior to embedding the structural floor joists and structural mesh in forming material; embedding the structural floor joists, structural re-enforcement and lifting anchors in forming material to form a floor, such that a portion of each lifting anchor is exposed. In other implementations, the method further includes laying support anchors in the voids formed between the structural floor joists prior to embedding the structural floor joists and structural re-enforcement in forming material; embedding the structural floor joists, structural re-enforcement and support anchors in forming material to form a floor, such that a portion of each support anchor is exposed; and attaching supports to the support anchors.
Implementations of the present disclosure also include a floor comprising a plurality of structural floor joists, each floor joist comprising a floor joist having a flange; and a tab punched out of the flange, the tab comprising: a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange; and a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving either away from or toward a hole in the flange created by the tab punched out of the flange; and a structural re-enforcement, where the plurality of structural floor joists and the structural re-enforcement are embedded in forming material. In some implementations, the floor further includes at least one lifting anchor embedded in the forming material, while in other implementations the floor further includes at least one support anchor embedded in the forming material.
In other implementations, the present disclosure includes a structural floor joist comprising: a floor joist having a flange; a lateral tab punched out of the flange and a lateral hole resulting from the lateral tab, the tab comprising a tab leg that is substantially planar and extends from the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange; in some cases and a tab foot extending from the tab leg of the lateral tab punched out of the flange and curving either away from or toward the longitudinal hole in the flange resulting from the lateral tab punched out of the flange; and a longitudinal tab punched out of the flange and a longitudinal hole resulting from the longitudinal tab, the tab comprising a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; a tab foot extending from the tab leg of the longitudinal tab punched out of the flange and curving either away from or toward the longitudinal hole in the flange resulting from the lateral tab punched out of the flange; where the end of lateral tab that is connected to the flange is substantially perpendicular to the end of the longitudinal tab that is connected to the flange.
In another implementation, both the lateral and longitudinal hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side and the lateral and longitudinal tab leg extends from the base side; the base side has a greater length than the top side.
In other implementations, the structural floor joist includes a plurality of lateral tabs and resulting lateral holes and longitudinal tabs and resulting longitudinal holes. In another implementation, the lateral tabs and lateral holes and the longitudinal tabs and longitudinal holes are positioned in a consistent or inconsistent in the consistent alternating arrangement, there is a longitudinal tab and longitudinal hole between each lateral tab and lateral hole. In yet another implementation, the longitudinal holes and the longitudinal holes are spaced such that the distance between the centers of successive longitudinal holes is less than about 6 inches. In still another implementation, the longitudinal holes and the longitudinal holes are spaced such that the distance between the centers of successive longitudinal holes is about 4 inches. The size, shape and configuration of the hole is based on the size, shape and configuration of the tab.
In other implementations, the present disclosure includes a method of building a floor comprising: obtaining a plurality of structural floor joists, each floor joist comprising: a floor joist having a flange; a lateral tab punched out of the flange and a longitudinal hole resulting from the lateral tab, the tab comprising a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; and a longitudinal tab punched out of the flange and a longitudinal hole resulting from the longitudinal tab, the tab comprising a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; where the end of lateral tab that is connected to the flange is substantially perpendicular to the end of the longitudinal tab that is connected to the flange; combining the plurality of structural floor joists with a structural mesh on a substantially horizontal surface such that the floor joists and mesh are substantially parallel to each other and to the substantially horizontal surface and there are voids formed between the structural floor joists; embedding the structural floor joists and structural mesh in forming material to form a floor.
In still other implementations, the present disclosure includes a floor comprising: a plurality of structural floor joists, each floor joist comprising: a floor joist having a flange; a lateral tab punched out of the flange and a longitudinal hole resulting from the lateral tab, the tab comprising a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; and a longitudinal tab punched out of the flange and a longitudinal hole resulting from the longitudinal tab, the tab comprising a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange; where the end of lateral tab that is connected to the flange is substantially perpendicular to the end of the longitudinal tab that is connected to the flange; and a structural mesh, where the plurality of structural floor joists and the structural mesh are embedded in forming material.
Descriptions of well known processing techniques, components and equipment are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present methods and devices in unnecessary detail. The descriptions of the present methods and devices are exemplary and non-limiting. Certain substitutions, modifications, additions and/or rearrangements falling within the scope of the claims, but not explicitly listed in this disclosure, may become apparent to those or ordinary skill in the art based on this disclosure.
Additional implementations of the present disclosure and details associated with those implementations, are described below. The following drawings illustrate by way of example and not limitation. Identical reference numerals do not necessarily indicate an identical structure. Rather, the same reference numeral may be used to indicate a similar feature or a feature with similar functionality. Every feature of each implementation is not always labeled in every figure in which that implementation appears, in order to keep the implementations clear. The drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the description of illustrative implementations presented herein:
The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) and “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a structural floor joist, device, or method that “comprises,” “has,” “contains,” or “includes” one or more elements possesses those one or more elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements or steps. Likewise, an element of a structural floor joist, device, or method that “comprises,” “has,” “contains,” or “includes” one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. Furthermore, a structure that is configured in a certain way must be configured in at least that way, but also may be configured in a way or ways that are not specified.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE IMPLEMENTATIONSThe terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more than one unless this disclosure explicitly requires otherwise. The terms “substantially” and “about” are defined as at least close to (and includes) a given value or state (preferably within 10% of, more preferably within 1% of and most preferably within 0.1% of).
The structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The pre-cast structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The pre-cast structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The pre-cast structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The pre-cast structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
Increasing the adherence between the structural floor system material and the floor deck and the joist or between the structural floor system material and the joist and placing the joist in both tension and compression would increase the stability of the structural floor system and greatly reduce or eliminate vibration in the structural floor system during use.
Increasing the adherence between the forming material, the deck and the joist or the forming material and the joist to the degree that the joist is placed both in tension and compression increases the structural strength of the structural floor system past just the sum of the strength of its component parts.
Increasing the adherence between the structural floor system material with the floor deck and the joist or between the forming material and the joist to the point of placing the joist in both tension and compression would: reduce the overall cost of the structure in which the structural floor system is utilized; reduces the overall weight of the structure in which the structural floor system is utilized; reduce vibration in the structural floor system when stress is applied to it; increases the structural strength of the structural floor system in a way that allows the floor to better sustain seismic and other movement imposed upon the floor by natural forces; increases the structural strength of the structural floor system to better sustain the stress imposed on the floor by the other component parts of the structure; allows the structural floor system to become a significant component part of the overall structural strength of the structure in which it is used to a degree not currently possible.
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The apparatus shown and described in
The first variation of the apparatus shown and described in
The first variation of the apparatus shown and described in
The first variation of the structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The first variation of the structural floor systems that are shown and described in
The forming material retention can either be affixed to the joist at the job site or when the joist is fabricated.
The structural floor system can also be pre-cast allowing the tab to be embedded in the forming material and allowing the forming material to pass through the tab hole. The joists can be set in a frame with the tabs extending into the cavity created by affixing the joists, header and track to a frame some distance from the ground. In the alternative, the track and joists can be lowered into the frame and into the forming material that has been poured into the frame. The frame can be lowered into the forming material to the extent that the forming material flows through the tab hole and forms within the return.
A portion of a forming material 210 forms around the plurality of tabs 204 and bonds to the plurality of tabs 204. Furthermore, another portion of the forming material 210 extrudes through at least one of the holes in the metal deck 208 and the holes in the joist top flange 206 of the joist 202 and then forms beneath the joist top flange 206 of the joist 202. In some implementations, the forming material 210 is cementitious forming material.
The joist 202 has a centroid (not shown in
The tabs utilized in floor 200 results in a bonded assembly of the joist 202, the metal deck 208 and the forming material 210. The bonding of the materials provides for movement of the location of the centroid, in comparison to
The bonded composite assembly in the floor 200 results in the centroid location moving up within the variable centroid area 212 in comparison to
The bonded composite assembly of floor 200 that has a centroid that is above the mid-point 213 provides a higher total strength than the strength of the individual components of the forming material 210, the metal deck 208 and the joist 202 and results in higher composite strength-to-weight ratio of the floor 200.
The tab 420 also comprises a tab foot 430 extending from the tab leg 425 created by the tab 420 being punched out of the top flange 415. The tab foot 430 in various implementations can curve in a variety of directions and at a variety of angles to the central longitudinal axis of the web 410 and the tab leg 425.
In
In some implementations, a hole 435 in the top flange 415 is defined by the tab leg base 440 and a top side of hole 445. The tab leg base 440 has a greater length than the top side.
In
Another implementation is shown in
While
With regard to the size and number of the tabs, in some implementations, the size and number of the tabs is such that the total surface area of the top flange 415 is divided by the total surface area of the holes created by the tabs results in a ratio of less than about 9.6. More particularly, the ratio is any of the following: 9.6, 9.5, 9.4, 9.3, 9.2, 9.1, 9.0, 8.9, 8.8, 8.7, 8.6, 8.5, 8.4, 8.3, 8.2, 8.1, 8.0, 7.9, 7.8, 7.7, 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, 7.3, 7.2, 7.1, 7.0, 6.9, 6.8, 6.7, 6.6, 6.5, 6.4, 6.3, 6.2, 6.1, 6.0, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7, 5.6, 5.5, 5.4, 5.3, 5.2, 5.1, 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 and 1.5, or any range derivable within these numbers.
In some implementations, the size and number of tabs is such that the total surface area of the holes created by the tabs is about 10% of the total surface area of the top flange 415. In other implementations, the size and number of tabs is such that the total surface area of the holes created by the tabs is about 15% of the total surface area of the top flange 415. For apparatus with 4″ center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections, the openings percentage is approximately 15% of the area of the top “flange”. For apparatus with 6″ center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections, the openings percentage is approximately 10% of the area of the top “flange”. For apparatus with 8″ center-to-center spacings between tab leg connections, the openings percentage is approximately 5% of the area of the top “flange”. More particularly, the total surface area of the holes created by the tabs is any of the following percentages of the total surface area of the top flange 415: 10.1%, 10.2%, 10.3%, 10.4%, 10.5%, 10.6%, 10.7%, 10.8%, 10.9%, 11.0%, 11.1%, 11.2%, 11.3%, 11.4%, 11.5%, 11.6%, 11.7%, 11.8%, 11.9%, 12.0%, 12.1%, 12.2%, 12.3%, 12.4%, 12.5%, 12.6%, 12.7%, 12.8%, 12.9%, 13.0%, 13.1%, 13.2%, 13.3%, 13.4%, 13.5%, 13.6%, 13.7%, 13.8%, 13.9%, 14.0%, 14.1%, 14.2%, 14.3%, 14.4%, 14.5%, 14.6%, 14.7%, 14.8%, 14.9%, 15.0%, 15.1%, 15.2%, 15.3%, 15.4%, 15.5%, 15.6%, 15.7%, 15.8%, 15.9%, 16.0%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%, or any range derivable within these numbers.
In
The lateral tabs comprise tab legs 1239 and 1241 that are substantially planar and are connected to the flange 1205 at one end of the tab leg bases. The tab legs 1239 and 1241 project outwardly from the flange 1205 at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange 1205. Having the tab legs 1239 and 1241 project outwardly at an angle of less than ninety degrees results in improved adhesion between the structural floor joist 1200 and the surrounding forming material. The lateral tabs also comprise tab feet 504 extending from the tab legs 1239 and 1241 and curving parallel to the lateral holes 1219 and 1221 created by the lateral tabs punched out of the flange 1205. Having the tab feet 504 curve parallel to the longitudinal holes 435 in the flange 1205 further results in improved adhesion between the structural floor joist 1200 and the surrounding forming material. In some implementations, the lateral holes 1219 and 1221 in the flange 1205 are defined by top sides 1251 and 1253, the base sides have a greater length than the top sides and the tab legs 1239 and 1241 extend from the base sides.
The longitudinal tabs comprise tab legs 425 and 425 that are substantially planar and are connected to the flange 1205 at one end of the tab leg bases 440 and 440. The tab legs 425 and 425 project outwardly from the flange 1205 at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the flange 1205. Having the tab legs 425 and 425 project outwardly at an angle of less than ninety degrees results in improved adhesion between the structural floor joist 1200 and the surrounding forming material. The longitudinal tabs also comprise tab feet 504 and 504 extending from the tab legs 425 and 425 and curving away from longitudinal holes 435 and 435 created by the longitudinal tabs being punched out of the flange 1205. Having the tab feet 504 and 504 curve away the longitudinal holes 435 and 435 in the flange 1205 further results in improved adhesion between the structural floor joist 1200 and the surrounding forming material.
In some implementations, the longitudinal holes 435 and 435 in the flange 1205 are defined by tab leg bases and opposing top sides 445 and 445. The tab leg bases have a greater length than the opposing top sides 445 and 445. In the implementation shown in
In the implementation shown in
In some implementations of
In some implementations of
While
The floor joist 2300 as shown in
The dimensions of the deck holes 2808 are variable. Typically, the dimensions of the deck holes 2808 allow for both the longitudinal tabs 502 and the lateral tabs 1602 to pass through the metal deck 2802. In addition, the deck holes 2808 typically allow for the adjustment of the metal deck longitudinally and laterally. The deck holes 2808 and the flange holes 435 and 1219 align to allow the forming material 210 to extrude through the deck holes 2808 and the flange holes 435 and 1219 when the forming material 210 is poured onto the metal deck 2802. The forming material stop 2810 catches the extruding forming material 210 and allows the extruding forming material 210 to form and solidify in a forming material mound 2302 that typically has a larger circumference than both the deck holes 2808 and the flange holes 435 and 1219.
In some implementations, the present disclosure comprises methods and devices for forming a structural floor joists in
The tapered shape of the hole in the flange allows for better clearance of the die that forms the tab in the structural floor joists in
All of the methods and devices disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the methods and devices of this disclosure have been described in terms of preferred implementations, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the methods and devices and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosure. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
The claims are not to be interpreted as including means-plus- or step-plus-function limitations, unless such a limitation is explicitly recited in a given claim using the phrase(s) “means for” or “step for,” respectively.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising:
- a forming material; and
- a member having: a flange having a central longitudinal axis; and a web that extends from the flange; a plurality of tabs punched out of the flange, forming a hole for each of the plurality of tabs, yielding a plurality of holes,
- wherein a portion of the forming material extrudes through at least one of the holes and the portion of the forming material is bonded to the forming material to the tabs and the flange of the member, forming a bonded composite assembly of the member and the forming material,
- wherein the bonded composite assembly having a centroid that is located in or near the forming material, placing 100% or near or about 100% of the forming material in compression and placing at least 90% of the member in tension.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the centroid of the bonded composite assembly is located at a bottom plane of the forming material.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the centroid of the bonded composite assembly is located at the middle of the flange and between the web and the flange return.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of tabs comprise:
- a tab leg that is substantially planar and is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg of each of the plurality of tabs and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than 90 degrees to the flange; and
- a tab foot extending from the tab leg of each of the plurality of tabs and curving in a direction that is (i) toward a plane extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis through the one end of the tab leg of each of the plurality of tabs and (ii) away from a hole in the flange created by the tab being punched out of the flange, wherein the hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side and the tab leg of each of the plurality of tabs the extends from the base side, wherein the tabs of each of the plurality of the member comprises a first tab and a second tab, wherein one of the first tab and the second tab of each member being a lateral tab and the other of the first and second tabs of each member being a longitudinal tab; a total surface area of the holes created by the tabs is greater than about 10% of the total surface area of the flange; and
- wherein the tabs of the member and a structural mesh is embedded in the forming material with the tab foot of each tab curving in the direction that is away from the respective hole in the respective flange created by the tab punched out of the respective flange and with the webs not embedded in the forming material.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 being pre-cast and further comprising:
- at least one lifting anchor embedded in the forming material.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 being pre-cast and further comprising:
- the at least one lifting anchor being embedded in the structurally reinforced forming material.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the end of the tab leg of each lateral tab that is connected to the respective flange is substantially perpendicular to the end of the tab leg of each longitudinal tab that is connected to the respective flange.
8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the member further comprises:
- 16 gage in thickness.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the member further comprises:
- a tensile strength of 50 ksi.
10. An apparatus comprising:
- a plurality of members, each of the plurality of members comprising: a forming material; a flange having a central longitudinal axis; and a web extending from the flange; and a plurality of tabs punched out of the flange, forming a hole for each of the plurality of tabs, forming a plurality of holes,
- wherein a portion of the forming material extrudes through at least one of the holes and the portion of the forming material is bonded to the forming material to the tabs and the flange of the member, forming a bonded composite assembly of the member and the forming material, that has a centroid that is located in or near the forming material, placing 100% or near or about 100% of the forming material in compression and placing at least 90% of the member in tension.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the centroid is located at a bottom plane of the forming material.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the centroid is located above the middle of the web.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the tabs comprise:
- a tab leg that is connected to the flange at one end of the tab leg and that projects outwardly from the flange at an angle of less than 90 degrees to the flange; and
- a tab foot extending from the tab leg and curving in a direction that is (i) toward a plane extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis through the one end of the tab leg and (ii) away from a hole in the flange created by the tab being punched out of the flange,
- wherein the hole is defined by a base side and a top side, the base side has a greater length than the top side and the tab leg the extends from the base side,
- wherein the tabs of each of the plurality of the members comprises a first tab and a second tab,
- wherein one of the first tab and the second tab of each floor member being a lateral tab and the other of the first and second tab of each member being a longitudinal tab;
- a total surface area of the holes created by the tabs is greater than about 10% of the total surface area of the flange; and
- wherein the tabs of the plurality of members and a structural mesh are embedded with the tab foot of each tab curving in the direction that is away from the respective hole in the respective flange created by the tab punched out of the respective flange.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the end of the tab leg of each lateral tab that is connected to the respective flange is substantially perpendicular to the end of the tab leg of each longitudinal tab that is connected to the respective flange.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of members further comprise:
- 16 gage in thickness.
15. (canceled)
16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the each tab leg is substantially planar.
17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the tabs of the plurality of member and a structural mesh are embedded in forming material.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 being pre-cast and wherein the tabs are embedded in structurally reinforced forming material.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 being pre-cast and further comprising:
- at least one lifting anchor is embedded in the forming material with the plurality of member and the structural mesh.
20. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the forming material further comprises microfibers.
21-120. (canceled)
121. A monolithic structure comprising:
- a floor having: a first web; a first top flange extending from a top of the first web; and a first tab attached to, or extending from, the first top flange.
- a roof having: a second web; a second top flange extending from a top of the second web; and a second tab attached to, or extending from, the second top flange.
122. The monolithic structure of claim 121, wherein the monolithic structure has a first mid-point between the first top flange and a bottom of the first web, wherein a first centroid being located above the first mid-point, the first centroid being an first equilibrium point of a first compression area of the floor and a first tension area of the floor, the first tension area being below the first centroid and the first compression area being above the first centroid; and wherein the monolithic structure has a second mid-point between the second top flange and a bottom of the second web, wherein a second centroid being located above the second mid-point, the second centroid being an second equilibrium point of a second compression area of the floor and a second tension area of the floor, the second tension area being below the second centroid and the second compression area being above the second centroid.
123. The monolithic structure of claim 122 further comprising:
- a first deck on the top of the first top flange, the first deck having a hole, the first tab protruding through the hole in the first deck;
- a first forming material on the top of the first deck;
- a second deck on the top of the second top flange, the second deck having a hole, the second tab protruding through the hole in the second deck; and
- a second forming material on the top of the second deck,
- wherein the first web, the first top flange and the first tab comprise a first member,
- wherein a portion of the first forming material solidifies around the first tab and the portion of the first forming material is bonded to the first tab, forming a first bonded composite assembly of the first member, the first deck and the first forming material,
- wherein the second web, the second top flange and the second tab comprise a second member,
- wherein a portion of the second forming material solidifies around the second tab and the portion of the second forming material is bonded to the second tab, forming a second bonded composite assembly of the second member, the second deck and the second forming material.
124-130. (canceled)
131. The monolithic structure of claim 123, wherein the first tab is attached to the first top flange through the first deck via a first attachment apparatus, and the first attachment apparatus does not leave an open hole in the first top flange and the first attachment apparatus does not leave an open hole in the first deck, and wherein the second tab is attached to the second top flange through the second deck via a second attachment apparatus, and the second attachment apparatus does not leave an open hole in the second top flange and the second attachment apparatus does not leave an open hole in the second deck.
132. The monolithic structure of claim 131, wherein the attachment apparatus is selected from the group consisting of screws, welds or pop-rivets, wherein the attachment apparatus is selected from the group consisting of screws, welds or pop-rivets.
133-138. (canceled)
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 17, 2020
Publication Date: Mar 17, 2022
Applicant: HI-TECH TILT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, INC. (Laredo, TX)
Inventors: Jose Medina (Laredo, TX), Kenneth Valls (Laredo, TX), John Valle (Laredo, TX), Abdiel Guajardo (Laredo, TX), Gary Chatham (Laredo, TX), Trevor Ford (Laredo, TX)
Application Number: 17/024,689