Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of shikimic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing shikimic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme are also provided.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of quinic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing quinic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme as well as conversion of quinic acid to hydroquinone are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of gallic acid from a carbon source. Methods of producing gallic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme are also provided. The gallic acid produces from these methods can be further converted to pyrogallol. Methods for the biosynthesis of pyrogallol from gallic acid are also provided.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of shikimic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing shikimic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme are also provided.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of quinic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing quinic acid from a earbon source based on the synthesis scheme as well as conversion of quinic acid to hydroquinone are also provided.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of vanillin from a carbon source is provided. The bioconversion methods of the present invention comprise the steps of microbe-catalyzed conversion of a carbon source to vanillic acid followed by enzyme-catalyzed reduction of the vanillic acid to produce vanillin. As shown in the synthesis scheme of FIG. 2, the microbe-catalyzed conversion step of the present invention requires five enzymes which are provided by a recombinant microbe. In a preferred embodiment, the recombinant microbe is Escherichia coli designed to cause dehydration of 3-dehydroshikimic acid and regioselective methylation of the resulting protocatechuic acid. The enzyme-catalyzed reduction step of the present invention comprises the reduction of vanillic acid to vanillin by aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract: Dehydroshikimates are used as antioxidants for oxidation susceptible compositions, as well as for inhibiting oxidative physiological processes. Particularly, the parent acid and its derivatives find application in inhibiting the oxidation of food substances, feed, dietary supplements, oils, polymers, fuels, lubricants, cosmetics, medicinal agents, inks, dyes, and other oxidative sensitive products, over extended periods of time and at elevated temperatures. The subject compounds can be used at low concentrations.

Abstract: There are described methods for the synthesis of quinoid organic compounds from a renewable energy source such as glucose. The method comprises enhancing the amount of glucose equivalents introduced into the pathway, blocking the common pathway so as to accumulate dehydroquinate and converting the dehydroquinate to quinic acid.

Abstract: Enhanced efficiency of production of aromatic compounds via the common pathway, as shown in FIG. 1, of a host cell is realized by increasing the expression of enzyme species acting on substrate intermediates in identified rate-limiting reaction steps in the pathway. Prokaryotic cell transformants are described comprising exogenous DNA sequences encoding for the enzymes species, 3-dehydroquinate synthase, shikimate kinase, 5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase and chorismate synthase. These transformants can be further transformed with exogenous DNA sequences encoding the enzyme species transketolase and DAHP synthase. In one embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the DNA sequences encoding the enzyme species are incorporated into the genome of the transformant.

Abstract: A method is provided for synthesizing catechol from a biomass-derived carbon source capable of being used as a host cell having a common pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. The method comprises the steps of biocatalytically converting the carbon source to 3-dehydroshikimate in said host cell, biocatalytically converting the DHS to protocatechuate, and decarboxylating the protocatechuate to form catechol. Also provided is a heterologous E. coli transformant characterized by the expression of genes encoding transhetolase, DAHP synthase, and DHQ synthase, further characterized by the constitutive expression of structural genes encoding 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase and protocatechuate decarboxylase.

Abstract: A heterologous cell transformant is provided that biocatalytically converts a carbon source to catechol and cis, cis muconic acid. The cell transformant expresses heterologous genes encoding the enzymes 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase, protocatechuate decarboxylase, and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing adipic acid. The method comprises the steps of culturing a cell transformant capable of converting a carbon source to catechol for a period of time sufficient to convert said carbon source to catechol, biocatalytically converting the catechol to cis, cis-muconic acid using catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, and hydrogenating the cis, cis-muconic acid to produce adipic acid.Also provided is a heterologous transformant of the host cell having an endangeous common pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. The heterologous transformant is characterized by the constitutive expression of structural genes encoding 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase, protocatechuate decarboxylase, and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase.

Abstract: There is described a biocatalytic method for the synthesis of cathecol from a renewable source such as glucose. The method comprises inducing a divergent pathway in the shikimate pathway of a host cell. Additionally, there are described methods for making precursors to cathecol such as protocatechuate.

Abstract: In the capillary electrophoretic system, the components of a sample to be separated and detected are labelled by a radioactive material which emits gamma rays or beta particles with energy high enough to penetrate the electrolyte and the capillary tube. A semiconductor detector outside the tube and placed adjacent to the tube detects the gamma rays or beta particles in order to detect the presence of the components of the sample. A weaker radio-label may also be used in conjunction with scintillating material which is introduced together with the sample into the tube or through a different tube. Alternatively, the scintillating material may be placed inside the tube or made a part of the tube. The scintillating material emits light in response to radiation from the radio labels on the components of the sample to enable detection of the component.

Abstract: A genetic element comprising an expression vector and a gene coding for transketolase is utilized to enhance diversion of carbon resources into the common aromatic pathway.

Abstract: A method of controlling expression of a DNA segment under the control of a nod gene promoter which comprises administering to a host containing a nod gene promoter an amount sufficient to control expression of the DNA segment of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which each R is independently H or OH, is described.

Abstract: A marine stove comprises a valve body for coaxial connection to a nipple on a pressure gas bottle, a tubular mixer coaxially telescopingly threaded into the top of the valve body, a burner above the mixer that is coaxially supported by it, and a grill over the burner, also supported by the mixer. A pivot confined between the valve body and the mixer has opposite laterally projecting coaxial trunnions that define one gimbal axis for the stove. Another gimbal axis is defined by a shaft that has a head at a rear end thereof and a U-shaped yoke at its front with forwardly projecting legs that have upwardly opening grooves wherein the trunnions are received. A mounting plate securable in forwardly offset relation to a bulkhead has a shaft hole through which the head is received. The shaft is rotatably supported in forwardly projecting relation to the plate by a bracket that hooks into the plate and has upwardly projecting abutments between which the shaft is closely received.

Abstract: A variable speed drive of the type having opposed, and parallel-arranged, frusto-conical shaped rollers over which a flat endless belt is trained. The belt is shiftable axially along the length of the rollers to produce an infinitely variable drive between the input and output shafts. The drive mechanism is enclosed in a case and the drive is adjusted from the outside of the case. The belt is properly assembled during assembly by utilizing a belt of known size and arranging for the location of the tapered roller shafts in the case in the precise manner so that the belt is brought to its final proper tension when the second roller is assembled in its preselected openings in the case.