Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines by hydrogenation of mono and/or dinitrile with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel and/or cobalt catalyst on support and optionally in the presence of ammonia, this process being characterized in that a nickel and/or cobalt catalyst on support is used, optionally in combination with at least one solid, reaction medium-insoluble cocatalyst, the catalyst and/or the cocatalyst being substantially nonacid.

Abstract: Process for the removal of sulphur dioxide from gases containing sulphur dioxide and oxygen, in which process these gases are brought into contact with a copper-containing acceptor which contains copper on a thermostable, inert support, the charged acceptor obtained is regenerated by terminating the contact with the gas containing sulphur dioxide and oxygen and thereafter bringing the charged acceptor into contact with a reducing gas, and the regenerated acceptor is again brought into contact with the gas containing sulphur dioxide and oxygen, the acceptor being charged with copper in such a quantity that the weight of copper amounts to more than 8% by weight, calculated as metallic copper and based on the total weight of the acceptor, and the copper is present in such a fine state of subdivision on the thermostable support that, present in its reduced form on the support, it has a specific surface area of more than 50 m.sup.2 per gram of the metallic copper on the support.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst for hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation having an improved resistance against deactivation by sulfur compounds, comprising at least one hydrogenation component, at least one metal-oxide containing component and at least one component acting as a support material, in which at least a part of the hydrogenation component and a part of the metal-oxide containing component are present on said support material as separate particles, the particles of the hydrogenation component and the particles of the metal-oxide containing component being homogeneously distributed in the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst or membrane system comprising a thermostable, high porous layer applied on a less porous or nonporous support layer, in particular on the inner surface of a monolith or sintered metal body, in the inner pores of .alpha.-alumina, of a carbon carrrier or on the surface of a ceramic membrane. The catalyst system can be prepared by spreading a solution of a metallo-organic compound on the inner surface of the support layer and then converting the organometallic compound into the oxide. In the high-porous layer thus obtained, a catalytically active material can be applied in the conventional manner.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of conducting a chemical reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, in which a feedstock is passed through a catalytic reactor, said reactor comprising a solid reactor bed with a catalytically active material present thereon, and at least one heat supplying and/or discharging reactor wall, and in which the catalyst bed consists of elementary particles of material sintered together and to one side of the wall, there being no sintered material present on the other side of the reactor wall, and in which the maximum distance in meters (x.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a preshaped porous support material having applied thereto in finely divided form an active compound chosen from at least one compound of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc, and optionally a promoter chosen from at least an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound, method for the preparation thereof and use thereof in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulphur-containing compounds to elemental sulphur, comprising at least one catalytically active material and optionally a carrier, the catalyst having a specific surface area of more than 20 m.sup.2 /g and an average pore radius of at least 25 .ANG., while under the reaction conditions the catalyst exhibits no substantial activity towards the Claus reaction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulphur-containing compounds to elemental sulphur, comprising at least one catalytically active material and optionally a carrier, the catalyst having a specific surface area of more than 20 m.sup.2 /g and an average pore radius of at least 25 .ANG., while under the reaction conditions the catalyst exhibits no substantial activity towards the Claus reaction.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a preshaped porous support material having applied thereto in finely divided form an active compound chosen from at least one compound of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc, and optionally a promoter chosen from a least an alkali or alkaline earth metal metal compound, method for the preparation thereof and use thereof in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of performing a chemical reaction in which hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation occurs, in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising a carrier material with copper as active component and iron as a promotor. According to the invention, the proporation of iron, calculated on the amount of copper and iron jointly, on an atomic basis, is no more than 25%. The invention also relates to a catalyst for carrying out the reaction, and to a process for preparing a supported catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of one or more metal or metal compounds containing catalysts or catalyst precursors wherein a complex cyanide of the general formula M.sub.1 M.sub.2 (CN).sub.p-x(Y).sub.x wherein M.sub.1 represents a cationic moiety comprising one or more metal ions, NH.sub.4.sup.+ and/or a quaternary ammonium ion, M.sub.2 forms part of the anionic moiety and represents one or more polyvalent metals, CN represents a cyanide moiety as defined hereinbefore, Y represents one or more ligands, p is a number ranging from 2-8, x is a number ranging from 0-4 and p/x is at least 1 when x>0, present on a carrier, is subjected to a decomposition treatment under oxidative conditions.The catalysts thus obtained can be suitably applied for instance in the preparation of hydrocarbons and/or oxygenates from carbon monoxide and hydrogen and in the hydrodesulphurization of hydrocarbonaceous materials.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to a catalytic process for the selective oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds, in particular hydrogen sulfide, to form elemental sulfur. The catalyst includes a carrier of which the surface exposed to the gaseous phase does not exhibit alkaline properties under the reaction conditions, and a catalytically active material applied thereto or formed thereon. The specific surface area of the catalyst is less than 20 m.sup.2 /g catalyst, with less than 10% of the total pore volume having a pore radius between 5 and 500 .ANG.. A process for preparing the catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the recovery of sulfur from a hydrogen sulfide containing gas, which comprises oxidizing hydrogen sulfide with oxygen, and then reacting the product gas of this oxidation further by using at least two catalytic stages, in accordance with the equation: 2H.sub.2 S+SO.sub.2 .revreaction.2H.sub.2 O+3/n S.sub.n. In order to improve the process and the process control, the invention is characterized in that the H.sub.2 S concentration in the gas leaving the last catalytic stage is controlled to have a value ranging between 0.8 and 3% by volume by reducing the quantity of combustion or oxidation air passed to the oxidation stage and/or causing a portion of the hydrogen sulfide containing feedstock gas to bypass the oxidation stage and to be added to the gas flowing to a catalytic stage.

Abstract: A catalyst for conducting non-selective oxidation reactions comprising a carrier material consisting mainly of alumina, if required in combination with one or more other metal oxides, the surface of said carrier material having applied thereto a catalytically active component consisting in a fine distribution of one or more oxides of one or more metals from the first series of transition elements of the Periodic Table, said carrier surface having applied thereto a stabilizing element on the basis of a metal or compound of a metal from subgroup 3 or 4 of the Periodic Table, said element being applied so uniformly that after treatment at 1050.degree. C. for 6 hours the catalyst shows no diffraction maxima in the X-ray diffraction pattern having a half-value width less than 1.0 degrees of arc (measured through the double angle of diffraction).

Abstract: This invention relates to a carrier material essentially consisting of aluminium oxide, possibly in combination with a different metal oxide, and to the surface of which a compound of a metal ion of the 3rd or 4th subgroup of the Periodic Table has been applied, so uniformly that, after a treatment at 1000.degree. C. for 6 hours, the carrier material does not exhibit diffraction maximums in the X-ray diffraction pattern with a half-value width of less than 1.0 degree of arc (measured over the double diffraction angle). The invention also relates to a process for making the carrier material.

Abstract: A process for producing catalysts, in which an active component or a compound to be converted into an active component is obtained or deposited on a carrier material, using deposition-precipitation. According to the invention, the formula of a carrier material, which may or may not be catalytically active, and/or the precipition of the active component or a compound to be converted into such active component on a carrier material is effected by means of an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon filaments which comprises exposing a suitable thermostable substrate which is covered with reduced monocrystalline metal particles with a diameter of at least 5 nanometers to a carbon containing gas mixture at temperatures of about 250.degree. up to about 700.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., for a period of time sufficient to form filaments of the desired length, and thereafter removing the substrate and/or the metal particles. The filaments are characterized by a crystalline graphitic structure and a morphology defined by a fishbone-like arrangement of the graphite layers along the axis of the filaments. A high carbide content is a prerequisite for the nucleation of the filamentous carbon with a fishbone like structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds, in particular hydrogen sulfide, to form elemental sulfur, comprising a carrier of which the surface exposed to the gaseous phase does not exhibit alkaline properties under the reaction conditions, and a catalytically active material applied thereto or formed thereon. According to the invention the catalyst is characterized in that the specific surface area of the catalyst is less than 20 m.sup.2 /g catalyst, with less than 10% of the total pore volume having a pore radius between 5 and 500 .ANG.. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the catalyst, and to processes using it.

Abstract: A supported silver catalyst having improved thermostability is prepared by depositing silver particles on a carrier or support having a stepped structure.

Abstract: Active catalysts are prepared by (1) impregnating a carrier with a solution of a complex of an active composition or precursor thereof wherein the viscosity of the solution is not decreased upon heating or evaporation of the solvent, (2) removing the solvent and (3) decomposing the complex.