Abstract: Disclosed is a distributed computer system that includes a plurality of worker nodes that are coupled together via a data communication network to exchange data therebetween, wherein computation by the worker nodes is managed within the distributed computer system. The distributed computer system configured to implement a scheme for mapping cryptographic keys to a specific shard in the distributed ledger arrangement that can be modified by a user worker node and an operator worker node of the distributed ledger arrangement; employ a pricing mechanism for specifying transaction costs that incentivizes user worker nodes to submit transactions that are restricted to a single shard; adopt algorithms specifying internal logic for wallet software that access shards so as to minimise their transaction costs; and execute procedures for reorganizing state databases when shards are duplicated or merged so that subsequent transactions can be maximally executed in parallel.

Abstract: The present technology provides for the learning of information relevant to a user account by a generative response engine and accessing this information when preparing personalized responses to prompts provided by the user account. A further aspect of the present technology is that the user account does not need to explicitly tell the generative response engine to remember a particular information. Instead, the present technology is configured such that the generative response engine can learn such facts, preferences, or contexts from conversational prompts provided to the chatbot without providing explicit instructions to remember the data. A further aspect of the present technology is that the user account can request that the generative response engine forget some learned facts too.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting harmful substances within a consumable sample comprising: receiving a consumable sample at a first chamber of a test container; transforming the consumable sample into a homogenized sample upon processing of the consumable sample; delivering the homogenized sample to a second chamber of the test container, wherein the second chamber is configured to receive the homogenized sample comprises an outlet port; mixing the homogenized sample with a process reagent within the second chamber, thereby producing a dispersion; transmitting a volume of the dispersion to an analysis chamber, of the test container, configured to position a detection substrate proximal the port of the second chamber and comprising a detection window that enables detection of presence of the allergen; and detecting presence of the allergen within the consumable sample by way of an optical sensor configured to detect signals indicative of the allergen through the detection window.

Abstract: A system and method includes a test container for detecting a target substance in a consumable sample, where the test container includes a test container body defining a test container top, a test container bottom opposing the test container top, a first chamber proximal the test container top, and a second chamber proximal the test container bottom, a magnetic diaphragm situated between the first chamber and the second chamber, the magnetic diaphragm obstructing flow of the consumable sample, and the magnetic diaphragm including a magnetic element embedded in the magnetic diaphragm, and a driving element geometrically complementary to the first chamber, the driving element including a consumable sample grinding feature protruding from a surface of the driving element.

Abstract: There is provided a transaction system that includes a plurality of computing nodes that are mutually interconnected via a data communication network to exchange encrypted data therebetween. The transaction system employs a blockchain whose entries are recorded in a ledger. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is utilized for defining relationships between blocks of the blockchain. The DAG comprises a plurality of proposed solutions to problems posed in the one or more smart contracts. Each of the one or more smart contracts includes machine-readable elements including at least one of: a data specification, an initial mining algorithm, an objective function for scoring the plurality of proposed solutions.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting harmful substances within a consumable sample comprising: receiving a consumable sample at a first chamber of a test container; transforming the consumable sample into a homogenized sample upon processing of the consumable sample; delivering the homogenized sample to a second chamber of the test container, wherein the second chamber is configured to receive the homogenized sample comprises an outlet port; mixing the homogenized sample with a process reagent within the second chamber, thereby producing a dispersion; transmitting a volume of the dispersion to an analysis chamber, of the test container, configured to position a detection substrate proximal the port of the second chamber and comprising a detection window that enables detection of presence of the allergen; and detecting presence of the allergen within the consumable sample by way of an optical sensor configured to detect signals indicative of the allergen through the detection window.

Abstract: A system and method includes a test container for detecting a target substance in a consumable sample, where the test container includes a test container body defining a test container top, a test container bottom opposing the test container top, a first chamber proximal the test container top, and a second chamber proximal the test container bottom, a magnetic diaphragm situated between the first chamber and the second chamber, the magnetic diaphragm obstructing flow of the consumable sample, and the magnetic diaphragm including a magnetic element embedded in the magnetic diaphragm, and a driving element geometrically complementary to the first chamber, the driving element including a consumable sample grinding feature protruding from a surface of the driving element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for processing molecular information and a method of facilitating inter-party communication relating to molecular fingerprints. The system comprises a server arrangement configured to receive an input of the molecular information, wherein the molecular information comprises information pertaining to molecular structure of at least one molecule: process the molecular information to map the molecular structure of each of the at least one molecule in the input to a molecular fingerprint corresponding thereto using neural networks. wherein the molecular fingerprint is a representation of the at least one molecule in a multi-dimensional space that enables comparison of the at least one molecule with other molecules: encrypt the molecular fingerprints using a symmetric encryption algorithm; and store the encrypted molecular fingerprints in a data repository.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resource management system that maintains records relating to transactions associated with resources, wherein the system is implemented as a distributed ledger arrangement including data processing nodes that are coupled via a data communication network. The records are maintained in corresponding chains, wherein each chain includes a temporally defined sequence of verified entries and each entry defines corresponding transactions. When new entry is to be made to a given chain, information concerning the new entry is communicated to the data processing nodes for verification thereof. The system records the new entry when verified, to its corresponding given chain. The system includes a filter arrangement for limiting communication regarding the new entry to be made only to a subset of the data processing nodes of the system for verifying the new entry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data processing system that processes data therein and a method of using the data processing system. The data processing system includes a plurality of data processing nodes that are coupled together via a data communication network arrangement. The data processing system distributes a plurality of computing tasks across plurality of data processing nodes, wherein plurality of computing tasks are distributed according to a directed acyclic graph (DAG) allocation arrangement, wherein the DAG allocation arrangement employs consensus voting arrangement employing recursive elections of nodes or users of data processing system to control operation of the DAG allocation arrangement to incentivize participation of the plurality of data processing nodes to process the plurality of computing tasks and wherein the DAG allocation arrangement is associated with a ledger arrangement operable to control or record execution of the plurality of computing tasks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system having an input arrangement and an output arrangement. The system includes a plurality of data processing nodes to processes input data and generates output data, depending on operation of a distributed ledger arrangement to which an entry is added. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is utilized to agree upon a set of data transactions required for adding the entry to the distributed ledger arrangement. The system employs decentralized beacon arrangement that randomly elects data processing nodes that operate to form consensus of entry to be added to the distributed ledger arrangement, pseudo-random number generator engine to rank the data processing nodes within the group; and control arrangement that enables the leading node to provide final proposal to be included in the DAG, wherein a remainder of the data processing nodes operate to notarize the final proposal to add the entry to the distributed ledger arrangement.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distributed computer system that includes a plurality of worker nodes that are coupled together via a data communication network to exchange data therebetween, wherein collective learning of the worker nodes is managed within the distributed computer system. The distributed computer system comprises a data processing arrangement operable to cluster the plurality of worker nodes into one or more clusters, wherein worker nodes of a given cluster train a computing model by employing a respective secondary distributed ledger. The collective learning from the plurality of worker nodes is coordinated using the distributed ledger arrangement.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distributed computer system that includes a plurality of worker nodes that are coupled together via a data communication network to exchange data therebetween, wherein computation by the worker nodes is managed within the distributed computer system. The distributed computer system configured to implement a scheme for mapping cryptographic keys to a specific shard in the distributed ledger arrangement that can be modified by a user worker node and an operator worker node of the distributed ledger arrangement; employ a pricing mechanism for specifying transaction costs that incentivizes user worker nodes to submit transactions that are restricted to a single shard; adopt algorithms specifying internal logic for wallet software that access shards so as to minimise their transaction costs; and execute procedures for reorganizing state databases when shards are duplicated or merged so that subsequent transactions can be maximally executed in parallel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system having an input arrangement and an output arrangement. The system includes a plurality of data processing nodes to processes input data and generates output data, depending on operation of a distributed ledger arrangement to which an entry is added. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is utilized to agree upon a set of data transactions required for adding the entry to the distributed ledger arrangement. The system employs decentralized beacon arrangement that randomly elects data processing nodes that operate to form consensus of entry to be added to the distributed ledger arrangement, pseudo-random number generator engine to rank the data processing nodes within the group; and control arrangement that enables the leading node to provide final proposal to be included in the DAG, wherein a remainder of the data processing nodes operate to notarize the final proposal to add the entry to the distributed ledger arrangement.

Abstract: There is provided a transaction system that includes a plurality of computing nodes that are mutually interconnected via a data communication network to exchange encrypted data therebetween. The transaction system employs a blockchain whose entries are recorded in a ledger. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is utilized for defining relationships between blocks of the blockchain. The DAG comprises a plurality of proposed solutions to problems posed in the one or more smart contracts. Each of the one or more smart contracts includes machine-readable elements including at least one of: a data specification, an initial mining algorithm, an objective function for scoring the plurality of proposed solutions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data processing system that processes data therein and a method of using the data processing system. The data processing system includes a plurality of data processing nodes that are coupled together via a data communication network arrangement. The data processing system distributes a plurality of computing tasks across plurality of data processing nodes, wherein plurality of computing tasks are distributed according to a directed acyclic graph (DAG) allocation arrangement, wherein the DAG allocation arrangement employs consensus voting arrangement employing recursive elections of nodes or users of data processing system to control operation of the DAG allocation arrangement to incentivize participation of the plurality of data processing nodes to process the plurality of computing tasks and wherein the DAG allocation arrangement is associated with a ledger arrangement operable to control or record execution of the plurality of computing tasks.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting harmful substances within a consumable sample comprising: receiving a consumable sample at a first chamber of a test container; transforming the consumable sample into a homogenized sample upon processing of the consumable sample; delivering the homogenized sample to a second chamber of the test container, wherein the second chamber is configured to receive the homogenized sample comprises an outlet port; mixing the homogenized sample with a process reagent within the second chamber, thereby producing a dispersion; transmitting a volume of the dispersion to an analysis chamber, of the test container, configured to position a detection substrate proximal the port of the second chamber and comprising a detection window that enables detection of presence of the allergen; and detecting presence of the allergen within the consumable sample by way of an optical sensor configured to detect signals indicative of the allergen through the detection window.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resource management system that maintains records relating to transactions associated with resources, wherein the system is implemented as a distributed ledger arrangement including data processing nodes that are coupled via a data communication network. The records are maintained in corresponding chains, wherein each chain includes a temporally defined sequence of verified entries and each entry defines corresponding transactions. When new entry is to be made to a given chain, information concerning the new entry is communicated to the data processing nodes for verification thereof. The system records the new entry when verified, to its corresponding given chain. The system includes a filter arrangement for limiting communication regarding the new entry to be made only to a subset of the data processing nodes of the system for verifying the new entry.

Abstract: A method for expression of transcribable unit(s) in a target cell is provided. The method comprises the steps of: a) providing a target cell expressing a site-specific recombinase, b) providing a DNA vector characterized by a 5? to 3? vector sequence orientation. The DNA vector comprises a plurality of recombination units, wherein a single recombination unit comprises at least one transcribable unit and a first type and a second type of target site that are recognizable by the site-specific recombinase. Recombination can only occur between two target sites of the same type and the first type of target site is located at the 5? start of the recombination unit and the second type of target site is located at the 3? end of the recombination unit. For all recombination units comprised within the DNA vector, the orientation of all of the first type of target sites are the same, and the orientation of all of the second type of target sites are the same.

Abstract: In a general aspect, values of input parameters for a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are selected by a Bayesian optimizer. The QAOA can be configured to solve a combinatorial optimization problem (COP), such as Maximum Cut. A hybrid classical-quantum computing system can be used to execute the QAOA and select the input parameters.