Abstract: A fuel cell system optimizing the ratio of width of a channel to a width of a rib forming a passage for supplying fuel and air, the ratio of width thereof to a height of a channel, and the number of passages, thereby improving the fuel diffusing performance and reducing a pressure drop therein is provided. The fuel cell system includes at least one stack for generating electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, a fuel supply portion for supplying fuel to the stack, and an oxygen supply portion for supplying oxygen to the stack. The stack is formed into a stacked configuration having a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies separated by separators. The separators have ribs which closely contact the adjacent membrane electrode assemblies and form channels through which the oxygen and hydrogen flow. The ratio of the width of a channel to the height of the same is between about 0.6 and about 0.8.

Abstract: The starter motor for a vehicle is capable of achieving a minimum and optimum size of a magnet switch and a starter motor in such a manner that a lever ratio R and an air gap A are improved in a range satisfying a designated moving distance P of a pinion. There is provided an improved starter motor for a vehicle characterized in that an air gap A is set below 8 mm, and a lever ratio R is adjusted above 1.67, whereby a moving distance P of the pinion is about 13 mm. In addition, there is provided an improved starter motor for a vehicle characterized in that the multiplication of air gap A and lever ratio R is below 14 mm, whereby a moving distance P of the pinion is about 13 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a joint structure of a core layer and a skin layer for manufacturing a partial foaming part having a polyurethane foam layer formed between the core layer and the skin layer. A recess is formed on the core layer corresponding to the joint of the core layer and the skin layer. The recess includes at the inside thereof a guiding wall for the skin layer and a pressing wall. A bent portion and a resilient supporting portion are formed in the end portion of the skin layer to be inserted inside the recess. The bent portion is bent upwardly so as to contact the guiding wall. The resilient supporting portion is resiliently supported underneath the pressing wall.

Abstract: A fibril solar cell includes: a fiber-shaped inner core having a porous fiber composed of first carbon nanotubes and a cathode material, in which pores of the porous fiber are filled with second carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, a photosensitive dye, and an electron transfer electrolyte; a photoconductive layer formed on a surface of the fiber-shaped inner core and composed of at least one photoconductive polymer; a transparent electrode layer formed on a surface of the photoconductive layer; and a transparent protective layer formed on a surface of the transparent electrode layer and composed of at least one transparent polymer. The fibril solar cell can be mass-produced inexpensively using a polymer. Also, the fibril solar cell has a high efficiency and can be converted into various shapes. The fibril solar cell can be attached to clothing, and be used as a portable power source for mobile electronics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a file-based grid MPI job allocation system for a middleware-based grid computing system in which computers having a plurality of resources including an MPI program are distributed and connected to each other through a network, wherein the grid MPI job allocation system differentiates functions of a middleware and the MPI program, thereby achieving MPI initialization without intervention of a separate arbitration process. The job submission service module generates a file containing an address, a port number, etc. of each node, which are necessary for the MPI initialization, and sends the file to the job execution service module of the corresponding node. Each job execution service module executes the MPI job, and the MPI program waits for the generation of the file and then performs initialization by using the information in the file.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pop-up type portable terminal. The pop-up type portable terminal includes a main housing, a sub-housing slidably coupled to the main housing such that the sub-housing is slidably accommodated in or withdrawn from the main housing, a main board installed in the main housing, a guide beam fixed to one side of the main board and extending lengthwise along the main board, a guide rail installed at a rear surface of the sub-housing and extending lengthwise along the sub-housing so as to engage with the guide beam for guiding a sliding movement of the sub-housing, and a torsion coil spring installed in the main housing and having a first end portion fixedly coupled to the main housing and a second end portion fixedly coupled to the sub-housing in order to provide bias force in a direction urging the sub-housing to be withdrawn from the main housing. Noise caused by friction between the guide beam and the guide rail is thereby significantly reduced.

Abstract: An optical member is disposed between a light generating section that generates light and a display section that displays images by using the light generated by the light generating section. The optical member includes a light polarizing part and a light diffusing part. The light polarizing part polarizes the light generated by the light generating section. The light diffusing part is integrally formed with the light polarizing part to diffuse the light to enhance uniformity of luminance of the light. Therefore, weight, volume, etc. of the optical member may be reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a polymer electroluminescent device, which comprises a transparent substrate, an anode, a polymer emitting layer, a polymer insulating nanolayer and a cathode. The polymer insulating nanolayer having the dielectric constant (?) of less than 3.0 is located between the cathode and the polymer emitting layer. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain the polymer electroluminescent device showing more improved luminance efficiency.

Abstract: A server-client system and a method for operating the same are disclosed. A resolution server is provided to automatically store or update information regarding various resolutions of one or more client terminals connected to a wired/wireless network so that user interfaces appropriate respectively to the resolutions can be provided to the client terminals on the basis of the stored or updated resolution information. If the resolution information of any one of the client terminals connected to the wired/wireless network is automatically recognized, the appropriate user interface data is sent to the terminal on the basis of the recognized resolution information. Therefore, appropriate user interfaces can be provided respectively to client terminals having different resolutions according to manufacturers, models, functions, etc. thereof, thereby increasing convenience of users and reliability of the system.

Abstract: A portable terminal has a camera lens assembly including a lens housing formed at one end thereof with an opening. The camera lens assembly is rotatably accommodated in the portable terminal so that the lens housing selectively protrudes from an outer peripheral surface of the portable terminal. The opening is exposed to an exterior when the lens housing protrudes out of the outer peripheral surface of the portable terminal. The user opens the opening for exposing the lens housing only when it is necessary to use the camera lens assembly. The opening is shielded by means of the lens cover when the camera lens assembly is not in use. Consequently, performance of the camera element is not degraded by external light.

Abstract: A radial multi-block copolymer contains a tapered block as represented by the following formula 1. The radial multi-block copolymer, which includes a polystyrene block, a poly(isoprene-styrene)tapered block, a polyisoprene block, and a polybutadiene block, can be used as an excellent pressure-sensitive adhesive material. (pA-pT-pB)m-X-n(pC-pB-pT-pA)??Formula 1: where pA is the polyvinyl aromatic block; pT is the poly(isoprene-styrene)tapered block; pB is the polyisoprene block; pC is the polybutadiene block; X is the residue of a multi-functional coupling agent used in preparation of the radial multi-block copolymer; m and n are integers equal to or greater than 1, representing the number of branches associated with X; and pT=pTA+pTB, where pTA is the pA component of pT, and pTB is the pB component of pT.

Abstract: A delayed lock loop for preventing a stuck fail in a dead-zone includes a clock buffering block for generating a first and a second internal clock signals; a phase comparison block for delaying a feedback signal by a first predetermined value and for respectively comparing a phase of a delayed feedback signal and a phase of the feedback signal with a phase of the external clock signal; a clock selecting block for selecting one of the first and second internal clock signals based on one comparison result to thereby generate a selected internal clock signal; a stuck checking block for determining a delay value based on the other comparison result; a delay line block for delaying the selected internal clock signal by the delay value; and an output buffer for buffering an outputted signal from the delay line block to thereby generating a DLL clock signal.

Abstract: A button assembly and a washing machine having the same, by which a simplified structure enabling to perform assembly and disassembly of the button assembly are disclosed. The button assembly includes a panel having at least one button hole, at least one push button inserted in the at least one button hole in part, and an elastic part coupled to the panel to prevent the at least one push button from being separated from the panel and to elastically support a rear side of the at least one push button.

Abstract: A metal salicide layer is formed by sequentially depositing a physical vapor deposition (PVD) metal layer and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) metal layer on a semiconductor device having an exposed silicon surface so as to form a double metal layer. The semiconductor device is annealed to react the double metal layer with the silicon surface. At least a portion of the double layer that has not reacted with the silicon surface is stripped. The semiconductor device is annealed after stripping at least the portion of the double metal layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatus of compensating for speaker distortion in an audio apparatus can compensate for frequency components of an input audio signal that will be distorted by a nonflat frequency response of a speaker. The compensation can occur before the input audio signal is applied to the speaker. Thus, the frequency response of the cascaded system including a compensator and the speaker can be flatter than that of the speaker. Embodiments of the present invention can reduce or prevent distortion of an input audio signal distorted by the speaker.

Abstract: A method of automatically assessing skeletal age of hand radiographs, comprising: providing a radiographic image of both two hands; cropping a first image of the left hand or the right hand; rotating the first image to make the fingertip of the medius point upwards the vertical; cropping a second image of the medius; segmenting the phalanges of the medius to acquire a third image; extracting a plurality of physiological features of the third image to acquire a first data; extracting a plurality of morphological features of the third image to obtain a second data; delivering the first data and the second data to a neural network for training; and outputting an assessment of the skeletal age.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition that significantly shortens the time necessary to produce a ceramic shell mold. The composition of the invention is used to produce a shell-mold for the investment casting process, providing decreased processing times by reducing the number of shell dips, and better handling and dewaxing through increased green strength. The invention provides a method of forming a shell mold, comprising providing an investment casting shell-mold composition comprising 0.1 to 70 percent by weight inorganic fibers, a binder composition comprising a mixture of 20-98 percent by weight of a colloidal sol comprising particles, and 1-20 percent by weight organic latex polymer.

Abstract: A compact and high-performance RF duplexer and fabrication method thereof, the RF duplexer includes a first filter and a second filter suspended over the substrate connected in series and in parallel and having a plurality of resonators, for passing signals of different frequency bands. A plurality of inductors are connected in series with the parallel resonators of the first and second filters and formed on the substrate. A phase shifter is formed on the substrate for preventing a signal interference between the first and second filters, and a supporter supports the first and second filters and has a plurality of bumps at certain parts on the substrate to electrically connect terminals of the first and second filter with terminals of the substrate. Accordingly, the size of the duplexer is reduced by forming the tuning inductors around the bumps of the PCB.

Abstract: A method for forming a doped PGO ferroelectric thin film, and related doped PGO thin film structures are described. The method comprising: forming either an electrically conductive or electrically insulating substrate; forming a doped PGO film overlying the substrate; annealing; crystallizing; and, forming a single-phase c-axis doped PGO thin film overlying the substrate, having a Curie temperature of greater than 200 degrees C. Forming a doped PGO film overlying the substrate includes depositing a doped precursor in the range between 0.1N and 0.5N, with a molecular formula of Pby?xMxGe3O11, where: M is a doping element; y=4.5 to 6; and, x=0.1 to 1. The element M can be Sn, Ba, Sr, Cd, Ca, Pr, Ho, La, Sb, Zr, or Sm.

Abstract: A 3D quantum dot optical path structure is provided, along with a method for selectively forming a 3D quantum dot optical path. The method comprises: forming a single crystal Si substrate with a surface; forming a Si feature in the substrate, such as a via, trench, or pillar; forming dots from a Ge or SiGe material overlying the Si feature; and, forming an optical path that includes the dots. In some aspects of the method, the Si feature has defect sites. For example, the Si feature may be formed with a miscut angle. As a result of the miscut angle, steps are formed in the Si feature plane. Then, the dots are formed in the Si feature steps. The miscut angle is in the range between 0.1 and 5 degrees, and the spacing between steps is in the range between 1 and 250 nanometers (nm).