Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode catalyst comprising a ruthenium (Ru)-rhodium (Rh) alloy. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprising the same electrode catalyst and a fuel cell comprising the same membrane electrode assembly are also disclosed. The ruthenium-rhodium alloy catalyst has not only good oxygen reduction activity but also excellent methanol resistance compared to conventional platinum and platinum-based alloy catalysts, and thus can be used as high-quality and high-efficiency electrode catalyst having improved catalytic availability and stability.

Abstract: A format converting apparatus and method for performing a resolution conversion, frame rate conversion, scanning method conversion, aspect ratio conversion, chroma format conversion, color space conversion, gamma correction, and geometric correction in one chip are disclosed. A digital TV can process various video signal standards such as the digital TV signal, the analog TV signal, the computer video signal, and the component signal as well as other video signals of more wide range in a same block. More especially, since all format conversion is performed in one chip, new additional input signal does not make addition of the hardware so that the cost can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for controlling a home automation system is disclosed, in which a PC for controlling web sites, electric home appliances, and communication between the web sites and the electric home appliances is provided. The method includes a step for trying to communicate with web sites or electric home appliances by using a predetermined program, a step for displaying a web page or a local page according to the communication try result; a step for displaying a corresponding web page or a local page according to the number of connected electric home appliances; and a step for controlling a corresponding appliance by inputting a controlling button of the displayed page.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an upgrade apparatus and its method for a home network system which can automatically upgrade software. The upgrade apparatus for the home network system is installed in the home network system having a first storage unit in which at least one protected program has been installed, and includes n upgrade means for deciding whether a second storage unit separated from the first storage unit stores an upgrade file corresponding to the protected program, and upgrading the protected program by using the upgrade file according to the decision result.

Abstract: The method of forming a floating gate array of a flash memory device includes: (a) sequentially forming a tunnel oxide film, a floating gate forming film, a capping oxide film and a first nitride film on a semiconductor substrate with an active device region defined by device isolation films; (b) patterning the first nitride film to form a first nitride film pattern; (c) forming first oxide film spacers on sidewalls of the first nitride film pattern; (d) selectively removing the first nitride film pattern; (e) forming a plurality of second nitride film patterns separated by the first oxide film spacers on the capping oxide film; (f) selectively removing the first oxide film spacers interposed between the plurality of second nitride film patterns and a portion of the capping oxide film to expose a surface of the floating gate forming film between the second nitride film patterns; (g) forming a plurality of floating gate patterns by removing a portion of the floating gate forming film exposed using the second n

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and a system for collecting traffic information in real time using wireless communication wherein a traffic information of a shadow region outside a communicable range is transmitted to a RSE (Road Side Equipment) using a communication between OBEs (On-board Equipments). In accordance with the present invention, the traffic information related to a shadow region is relayed to the RSE using a two-way communication between the OBEs and/or the OBE and sensors to be collected by the RSEs and a central server.

Abstract: Disclosed are a flash memory device including a self aligned floating gate array, and a method of forming the self aligned floating gate array for the flash memory device. The flash memory device includes a plurality of device isolation layers formed by the oxidation of a silicon substrate, and a floating gate array formed in active device regions divided by the plurality of device isolation layers and in which sidewalls of the floating gate are self aligned to the plurality of device isolation layers. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the width of the device isolation regions regardless of the minimum line width as defined by process design rules.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a home network system and a configuration apparatus thereof which can efficiently configure a new home appliance in the home network system comprised of various home appliances. The home network system includes at least one slave device, and a plurality of master devices connected to the slave device through a predetermined network, wherein at least one master device includes a master means for controlling an operation of the slave device and monitoring a status thereof, and a slave means for responding to the request of the other master devices.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a via hole having a fine hole land with which the density of circuit patterns can be increased and a method for forming the same. The method comprises: step 1 of forming a via hole in a copper clad laminate, coating an etching resist over the copper clad laminate, and forming a circuit pattern on the copper foil of the copper clad laminate; step 2 of forming a seed layer, coating a photoresist, and exposing an inner wall of the via hole; and step 3 of forming a plated layer on the inner wall of the via hole and removing the photoresist and the seed layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming a gate structure for an integrated circuit memory device include forming a first dielectric layer having a dielectric constant of under 7 on an integrated circuit substrate. Ions of a selected element from group 4 of the periodic table and having a thermal diffusivity of less than about 0.5 centimeters per second (cm2/s) are injected into the first dielectric layer to form a charge storing region in the first dielectric layer with a tunnel dielectric layer under the charge storing region. A metal oxide second dielectric layer is formed on the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer. The substrate including the first and second dielectric layers is thermally treated to form a plurality of discrete charge storing nano crystals in the charge storing region and a gate electrode layer is formed on the second dielectric layer. Gate structures for integrated circuit devices and memory cells are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a home network system which can achieve communication between a home master device and a remote control server by using a predetermined message structure. The home network system includes a home master device connected to a plurality of home appliances, and a remote control server connected to the home master device through a first network, for transmitting/receiving a message between a user terminal and the home master device. The message transmitted/received between the home master device and the remote control server includes at least a product code unit of the corresponding home appliance, a message code unit for notifying a transmission/reception direction of the message, parameter units under the definition of the message, and a number unit of parameters.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a security confirmation system which can achieve efficient communication by optimizing an amount of transmitted data, and a method thereof. The security confirmation system includes a home master device connected to at least one security device through a first network based on a predetermined protocol, for receiving predetermined security information from the security device, generating a service security data having the security information, and transmitting the service security data, and a user terminal connected to the home master device through a second network separated from the first network, for receiving and displaying the service security data.

Abstract: The present invention makes a privacy protection area set on a video frame always match a masking block for the privacy protection area, thereby preventing video images taken from the privacy protection area from being exposed. One embodiment of the invention sets a masking zone corresponding to a privacy protection area on a taken video frame, keeps examining if the set masking zone does not match the privacy protection area, and adjusts the position of the masking zone on the video frame if it is determined that the masking zone does not match the privacy protection area, thereby preventing video signals taken from the initially set privacy protection area from being outputted.

Abstract: A method for recognizing an electronic appliance in multiple control system for controlling at least one electronic appliance is disclosed, which includes the steps for setting each ID including a variable value and a fixed value to the electronic appliances, determining whether the electronic appliances of the same model exist among the connected electronic appliances on connecting the electronic appliances to the multiple control system by reading corresponding ID and analyzing the ID value; changing the ID of the connected electronic appliance in case that the electronic appliances of the same model exist; and recognizing the corresponding electronic appliance as the changed ID.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image display device in a digital TV that is capable of carrying out the conversion into various kinds of resolution by using single bit map data in the digital TV. The image display device includes: a data processing part for executing bit map conversion, compression, restoration and format-conversion for text data; a memory for storing the bit map data obtained according to the bit map conversion and compression in the data processing part and image data inputted from an arbitrary receiving part, the receiving part receiving one of digital image data and analog image data; an image outputting part for reading the image data from the memory; and a display processing part for mixing the image data read from the image outputting part and the bit map data converted in format from the data processing part.

Abstract: Device and method for converting a format of a video signal in a digital TV receiver is provided. Format conversion can be carried out at one chip of a format converting device, inclusive of conversion of resolution, frame rate, scanning method, aspect ratio, color space, chroma format, and gamma correction. Therefore, the digital TV receiver is made to convert a wide range of video signals inclusive of, not only a digital TV broadcasting signal, but also analog TV broadcasting signal, and computer video signal, at one chip of system block. Moreover, the digital TV receiver is made to provide a variety of standards of format converted video signals, not only to the connected display, but also to other general video signal processing devices.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a home network system (100) which can easily control home appliances by performing a preset control command for a predetermined event when the event is generated. The home network system (100) includes at least one slave device (60), and a master device (50) connected to the slave devices (60) through a predetermined network (90). The master device (50) stores an event file including an externally-inputted generation condition of a predetermined event and a control command for the event, and transmits an event set file including at least the generation condition of the event to the slave device (60) corresponding to the generation condition of the event, and the slave device (60) stores the event set file and transmits an event notification file to the master device (50) when the event is generated, so that the master device (50) can receive the event notification file and make the corresponding control command performed.

Abstract: A NOR flash memory device comprises a memory cell array, a row selection circuit adapted to drive wordlines in the memory cell array with a wordline voltage during an erase operation, and an erase voltage generating circuit adapted to generate an erase voltage as the wordline voltage during the erase operation. The erase voltage generating circuit includes a discharging circuit receiving a high voltage that is regularly maintained irrespective of variations in a power voltage, and discharging the erase voltage supplied from the wordline during an erasing recovery period of the erase operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-axial spinal pedicle screw engaged with a spinal rod and inserted into and fixed to a pedicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a black paste composition and an upper plate of plasma display panel using the same. The upper plate of plasma display panel comprises an upper substrate, a transparent electrode disposed on a predetermined position of the upper substrate, a bus electrode disposed on a predetermined position of the transparent electrode and a black matrix disposed between the transparent electrode and the bus electrode, and in each discharge cell. The black paste composition comprises about 5 to 25 parts by weight of a heat resistant black pigment; about 5 to 20 parts by weight of a glass powder; about 25 to 30 parts by weight of a binder; about 5 to 15 parts by weight of a photopolymerization monomer; about 1 to 10 parts by weight of a photopolymerization initiator; and about 20 to 35 parts by weight of a solvent.