Abstract: An electronic device according to an implementation of the disclosed technology is an electronic device including a semiconductor memory, wherein the semiconductor memory includes: interlayer insulating layers and conductive first base layer patterns that are alternatively stacked over a substrate; a dielectric second base layer pattern that is in contact with sidewalls of the interlayer insulating layers; first electrodes that are in contact with sidewalls of the first base layer patterns; a second electrode disposed over outer sidewalls of the first electrodes; and a variable resistance layer pattern interposed between the first electrodes and the second electrode. Each of the first electrodes comprises an alloy that includes first and second elements. The first element is included in the first base layer patterns and the second element is included in the second base layer pattern.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device including a switching element, wherein the switching element may include a first electrode, a second electrode, a switching layer interposed between the first and second electrodes, and a first amorphous semiconductor layer interposed between the first electrode and the switching layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an auto focus control apparatus and a continuous auto focus control method. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an auto focus control apparatus including: a focal value calculation unit for calculating a focal value from a signal of an image frame; a focus lens driving unit for moving a focus lens to a desired position; and a control unit for determining position movement of a subject based on the focal value calculated by the focal value calculation unit, executing pre-scan according to the movement of the focus lens by controlling the focus lens driving unit to move the focus lens at set frame intervals when the position of the subject is moved, and skipping a lens moving frame corresponding to the time when the focus lens moves during the pre-scan is provided.

Abstract: A nonvolatile resistive switching memory (ReRAM) device having no selection device is provided. The ReRAM device includes a lower electrode that is formed on on a substrate; a metal oxide layer that is formed on the lower electrode, the metal oxide layer having a resistive switching characteristic; an upper electrode that is formed on the metal oxide layer; and a tunnel barrier oxide film that is formed between the lower electrode and the metal oxide layer, thereby forming a double oxide film structure, the tunnel barrier oxide film being made of a material, a band energy gap and a conduction band offset of which are lower than those of the metal oxide layer, and which does not cause interface switching.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an auto focus control apparatus and a continuous auto focus control method. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an auto focus control apparatus including: a focal value calculation unit for calculating a focal value from a signal of an image frame; a focus lens driving unit for moving a focus lens to a desired position; and a control unit for determining position movement of a subject based on the focal value calculated by the focal value calculation unit, executing pre-scan according to the movement of the focus lens by controlling the focus lens driving unit to move the focus lens at set frame intervals when the position of the subject is moved, and skipping a lens moving frame corresponding to the time when the focus lens moves during the pre-scan is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a metal surface treatment solution that can provide superior corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. The metal surface treatment solution includes 9˜13 wt % of an epoxy-based silane coupling agent, 5˜9 wt % of an amino-based silane coupling agent, 0.5˜1 wt % of a vanadium compound, 0.5˜1 wt % phosphoric acid; 0.5˜1 wt % of an organic acid, 0.1˜10 wt % of a Ti-Alkoxide, 0.1˜2 wt % of a chelating agent, 0.1˜5 wt % of a calcium phosphate-based compound,. 0.2˜10 wt % of a colloidal silica, and the balance of solvents. A method of manufacturing a surface treated steel sheet using the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a metal surface treatment solution that can provide superior corrosion resistance and paint adhesion and method for treating the surface of a steel sheet using the metal surface treatment solution. The metal surface treatment solution includes 9˜13 wt % of an epoxy-based silane coupling agent, 5˜9 wt % of an amino-based silane coupling agent, 0.5˜1 wt % of a vanadium compound, 0.5˜1 wt % phosphoric acid; 0.5˜1 wt % of an organic acid, 0.1˜10 wt % of a Ti-Alkoxide, 0.1˜2 wt % of a chelating agent, 0.1˜5 wt % of a calcium phosphate-based compound, 0.2˜10 wt % of a colloidal silica, and the balance of solvents.