Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for detecting anomalies in a system log on the basis of self-supervised learning, using a language model. The method comprises performing preprocessing on the system log, generating a normal token sequence having a preset length by concatenating tokenized log lines of the system log, generating an abnormal token sequence using the normal token sequence, calculating an anomaly score for a determination target token sequence using a sentence classification model, and determining the token sequence as an abnormal system log when the calculated anomaly score is greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for analyzing an alpha-ray spectrum obtained from a radiation source, wherein the radiation source includes a first nuclide and a second nuclide that are different from each other, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining simulated spectra for alpha rays emitted from the first nuclide and the second nuclide through a simulation using radioactivity functions of the first nuclide and the second nuclide; measuring alpha rays emitted from the radiation source to obtain an alpha-ray spectrum; and decomposing the alpha-ray spectrum into a first alpha-ray spectrum emitted from the first nuclide and a second alpha-ray spectrum emitted from the second nuclide, on the basis of the simulated spectra.

Abstract: Provided are an anode active material for secondary battery which includes porous iron oxide nanoparticles, a manufacturing method thereof, and a secondary battery including the same. The anode active material for secondary battery of the present disclosure minimizes a volume change of iron oxide caused by intercalation and deintercalation of lithium even during consecutive charges and discharges and thus can improve the capacity and lifespan characteristics of a secondary battery employing the anode active material. Further, the manufacturing method of an anode active material for secondary battery makes it possible to manufacture an anode active material for secondary battery including iron oxide nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly and simple manner and thus makes it possible to mass-produce the anode active material.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for preparing transformed yeast producing 1-octen-3-ol, and yeast prepared by the method, and is useful in the cosmetic industry and the food development industry which use a Tricholoma matsutake scent.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer; and a heat radiating circuit pattern disposed on a first surface of the first insulating layer and having a pad and a via. The heat radiating circuit pattern includes: a first metal layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a graphite layer disposed on the first metal layer; and a second metal layer disposed on the graphite layer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a printed circuit board includes: transferring roughness of a metal film to an insulating layer by laminating the metal film on the insulating layer, the metal film having the roughness formed on one surface thereof and having a discrete metal layer laminated thereon; exposing a surface of the insulating layer, on which the roughness is transferred, by removing the metal film; processing the surface of the insulating layer having the roughness formed thereon with an acidic solution; and forming a circuit pattern on the insulating layer by a plating process.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for preparing transformed yeast producing 1-octen-3-ol, and yeast prepared by the method, and is useful in the cosmetic industry and the food development industry which use a Tricholoma matsutake scent.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery which is represented by general formula (1) below and has a nanorod shape, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tire having improved bead endurance in which cords of a steel chafer are waved and the advancing direction of the waves of the steel chafer is perpendicular to the advancing direction of carcass cords, thereby minimizing cracks at an edge of the carcass. The tire having a chafer structure for enhancing bead endurance includes: a carcass having carcass cords; and a steel chafer covering the carcass and having a plurality of waved chafer cords.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer; and a heat radiating circuit pattern disposed on a first surface of the first insulating layer and having a pad and a via. The heat radiating circuit pattern includes: a first metal layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a graphite layer disposed on the first metal layer; and a second metal layer disposed on the graphite layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tubeless tire having a reinforced bead portion capable of reducing the stress applied to a portion contacting a rim flange and to an edge of a carcass. The tubeless tire includes a carcass turned up around a bead core, a bead filler filled in a space above the bead core surrounded by the carcass, a steel chafer disposed to contact an outer surface of the carcass, and a first reinforcing rubber layer provided between the bead core and the carcass in order to prevent a turnup portion of the carcass from being pulled downwards, the first reinforcing rubber layer being located around a portion of the bead core that is oriented toward a rim flange. The bead portion is improved in durability under a high-pneumatic-pressure condition by reducing the stress applied to interfaces of the edge of the carcass, the steel chafer and the nylon chafer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a cathode active material for lithium secondary battery, including: preparing a first solution by mixing a metal oxide and a solvent; preparing a metal-mixed solution by adding an acidic solution to the first solution and then applying ultrasonic waves to the mixture; centrifuging the metal-mixed solution; preparing a second solution by mixing a supernatant of the centrifuged metal-mixed solution, a reductant, and a solvent and then applying ultrasonic waves to the mixture; obtaining powder by filtering and then drying the second solution; forming mesoporous spherical nanoparticles by mixing the powder, a metal, a lithium precursor, and a solvent, applying ultrasonic waves to the mixture and then drying the mixture; and performing a heat treatment to the spherical nanoparticles, and a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery obtained by the manufacturing method. The cathode active material for lithium secondary battery is mesoporous spherical nanoparticles.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery which is represented by general formula (1) below and has a nanorod shape, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: Provided are an anode active material for secondary battery which includes porous iron oxide nanoparticles, a manufacturing method thereof, and a secondary battery including the same. The anode active material for secondary battery of the present disclosure minimizes a volume change of iron oxide caused by intercalation and deintercalation of lithium even during consecutive charges and discharges and thus can improve the capacity and lifespan characteristics of a secondary battery employing the anode active material. Further, the manufacturing method of an anode active material for secondary battery makes it possible to manufacture an anode active material for secondary battery including iron oxide nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly and simple manner and thus makes it possible to mass-produce the anode active material.

Abstract: The resent invention relates to an antenna device of a radar system, comprising: a substrate; multiple radiators arranged on the upper surface of the substrate; and multiple resonators arranged on the lower surface of the substrate and placed beneath the radiator, the resonators having the shape of rings having at least one slit formed thereon. According to the present invention, the radiators and the resonators operate together, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna device for a radar system, comprising: a power supply unit; and a plurality of radiators disposed to be spaced from the power supply unit, wherein each radiator is formed according to a variable determined by a weight predetermined for each radiator. According to the present invention, the performance of the radar system can be improved by obtaining uniform performance of each radiator by forming each radiator according to the weight for each radiator.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a printed circuit board includes: transferring roughness of a metal film to an insulating layer by laminating the metal film on the insulating layer, the metal film having the roughness formed on one surface thereof and having a discrete metal layer laminated thereon; exposing a surface of the insulating layer, on which the roughness is transferred, by removing the metal film; processing the surface of the insulating layer having the roughness formed thereon with an acidic solution; and forming a circuit pattern on the insulating layer by a plating process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tire having improved bead endurance in which cords of a steel chafer are waved and the advancing direction of the waves of the steel chafer is perpendicular to the advancing direction of carcass cords, thereby minimizing cracks at an edge of the carcass. The tire having a chafer structure for enhancing bead endurance includes: a carcass having carcass cords; and a steel chafer covering the carcass and having a plurality of waved chafer cords.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna apparatus. The antenna apparatus includes a lower antenna element; an upper antenna element on the lower antenna element; and an intermediate ground element interposed between the lower antenna element and the upper antenna element and overlapping with the lower antenna element and the upper antenna element. The antenna apparatus may have an expanded resonance frequency band.