Abstract: A duty cycle detector comprising a first circuit configured to receive clock cycles including a first level and a second level. The first circuit is configured to obtain a first value based on the length of the first level and to obtain second and third values based on the length of the second level. The first value is compared to the second and the third values to determine a duty cycle range of the clock cycles.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode having a novel configuration for improving performance of the electrode used in solid-oxide fuel cells, sensors and solid state devices, in which the electrode providing electron conductivity is coated with ion conductive ceramic ceria film, enabling an electron conductive path and an ion conductive path to be independently and continuously maintained, and additionally extending a triple phase boundary where electrode/electrolyte/gas are in contact, and a method for manufacturing the same. The electrode is manufactured by coating the prefabricated electrode for use in a SOFC or sensor with a porous oxygen ion conductive ceramic ceria film by a sol-gel method, whereby the electron conductive material and ion conductive material exist independently, having a new microstructure configuration with a greatly extended triple phase boundary, thus improving electrode performance.

Abstract: An input circuit including a first circuit, a second circuit, and a third circuit. The first circuit is configured to receive a first signal and a second signal and to sample the first signal via the second signal and provide signal samples of the first signal. The second circuit is configured to receive a third signal and the signal samples and to update a second circuit output signal via the third signal and provide the updated second circuit output signal. The third circuit is configured to receive a clock signal and the second signal and to provide the third signal. The third circuit is also configured to synchronize edges in the third signal to edges in the second signal and edges in the clock signal.

Abstract: A circuit for latching data into a memory includes a receiver, a delay, and a selector. The receiver is configured for receiving a data signal, and the delay is configured to delay the data signal to provide a delayed data signal. The selector is configured to receive the delayed data signal, a data strobe signal, and an inverted data strobe signal and provide a first strobe signal and a second strobe signal in response to the delayed data signal, the data strobe signal, and the inverted data strobe signal. Rising edge data is latched into the memory in response to the first strobe signal and falling edge data is latched into the memory in response to the second strobe signal.

Abstract: A duty cycle corrector, including a first, second circuit and a third circuit is disclosed. The third circuit is configured to obtain a threshold value in response to charge flow that is regulated by the first circuit and the second circuit, wherein the first circuit is configured to receive a clock signal and change the charge flow at a first transition of the clock signal. The second circuit is configured to change the charge flow at a second transition of the clock signal. The first circuit and the second circuit are configured to change the charge flow in response to obtaining the threshold value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polybenzimidazole based polymer, which can be used at high temperature under no-humidification conditions for preparing a fuel cell, in particular, a fuel cell membrane instead of the existing Nafion type perfluorosulfonated polymers, with which it is easy to increase a doping level, and also, which exhibits an excellent mechanical strength, further, which is inexpensive. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing the polybenzimidazole based polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reinforced matrix for a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising a porous aluminum support and a lithium aluminate tape-cast on the porous aluminum support. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing the molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the reinforced matrix comprising steps of tape-casting a lithium aluminate on a porous aluminum support so as to prepare a reinforced matrix (S1), making a unit cell or a stack of the unit cells using the reinforced matrix (S2) and heat treating the unit cell or the stack so as to oxidize aluminum in the support into lithium aluminate (S3). According to the present invention, the method is simple and economic, and the mass production of the matrix is easy, and strength of the matrix can be increased effectively and therefore there is no worry about fracture or crack.

Abstract: A circuit for latching data into a memory includes a receiver, a delay, and a selector. The receiver is configured for receiving a data signal, and the delay is configured to delay the data signal to provide a delayed data signal. The selector is configured to receive the delayed data signal, a data strobe signal, and an inverted data strobe signal and provide a first strobe signal and a second strobe signal in response to the delayed data signal, the data strobe signal, and the inverted data strobe signal. Rising edge data is latched into the memory in response to the first strobe signal and falling edge data is latched into the memory in response to the second strobe signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Ni—Al alloy anode for molten carbonate fuel cell made by in-situ sintering the Ni—Al alloy. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing the same comprising steps of preparing a sheet with Ni—Al alloy powders (S1); and installing the sheet in a fuel cell without any heat treatment for sintering the Ni—Al alloy in the sheet and then in-situ sintering the Ni—Al alloy in the sheet during a pretreatment process of the cell with the sheet (S2), wherein a reaction activity of the Ni—Al alloy anode can be maintained, the method is simple and economic, and a mass production of the Ni—Al alloy anode and a scale-up in the method are easy.

Abstract: A random access memory includes a control circuit configured to receive a strobe signal and generate a pulse after one edge of the strobe signal and before the next edge of the strobe signal for each cycle of a clock signal and a latch circuit configured to receive the strobe signal and the pulse. The latch circuit is configured to latch data signals into the latch circuit with the strobe signal and to receive the pulse to prevent post-amble noise on the strobe signal from latching other signals into the latch circuit.

Abstract: A duty cycle corrector comprising a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit is configured to receive a clock signal having a first phase and a second phase and to obtain a first threshold value based on the length of the first phase and part of the second phase and provide a first pulse and response to the first threshold value. The second circuit is configured to receive the clock signal and to obtain a second threshold value based on the length of the second phase and part of the first phase and provide a second pulse in response to the second threshold value. The time between the start of the first pulse and the start of the second pulse is substantially one half clock cycle.

Abstract: A duty cycle detector comprising a first circuit configured to receive clock cycles including a first level and a second level. The first circuit is configured to obtain a first value based on the length of the first level and to obtain second and third values based on the length of the second level. The first value is compared to the second and the third values to determine a duty cycle range of the clock cycles.

Abstract: A buffer circuit includes a differential amplifier, a buffering inverter, and a reference voltage monitoring circuit. The differential amplifier has a reference voltage and a current source as inputs. The buffering inverter has an output of the differential amplifier as an input. The reference voltage monitoring circuit includes two transistors and a second current source. An output of the reference voltage monitoring circuit is connected to the buffering inverter so as to minimize an effect of a variation in the value of the reference voltage on signal propagation delay times. The buffer circuit can further include a driver circuit with a comparator. A method of managing signal propagation delays includes providing a differential amplifier, providing at least one buffering inverter, and providing a reference voltage monitoring circuit. The reference voltage monitoring circuit can maintain signal propagation delays as a reference voltage varies.

Abstract: A random access memory includes a first circuit configured to receive a strobe signal and provide pulses in response to transitions in the strobe signal, and a second circuit configured to receive the strobe signal to latch data into the second circuit in response to the strobe signal, and to receive the pulses to re-latch the latched data into the second circuit after the transitions in the strobe signal. The first circuit includes an enable circuit configured to provide an enable signal and a buffer circuit configured to receive the strobe signal and the enable signal and provide the pulses in response to the enable signal and the strobe signal. The enable circuit is configured to receive the pulses from the buffer circuit and stop providing the enable signal to the buffer circuit in response to receiving the pulses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a three electrodes system cell for evaluation of performance of a molten carbonate fuel cell. A lower part of the reference electrode is fixed to a wet seal part of the single cell without penetrating a current collector plate and an electrode of the single cell. Preferably, the reference electrode comprises cured matrix slurry and powders of electrolyte stacked on the matrix slurry in the lower part thereof. Preferably, a diameter of an electrolyte-interchanging hole formed in a bottom of the lower part of the reference electrode is 1?. Preferably, an outer diameter of an alumina tube in the reference electrode is 6?. According to a three electrodes system cell for evaluation of performance of a molten carbonate fuel cell of the invention, it is possible to separately evaluate the performance of each electrode which cannot be evaluated by the prior method of evaluating the performance of the single cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for a partial oxidation reforming reaction of fuel in the form of disk having through-hole. In addition, according to the invention, there is provided a fuel reforming apparatus and method using the catalyst. The catalyst for a partial oxidation reforming reaction of fuel according to the invention makes it possible to progress the partial oxidation reforming reaction of fuel smoothly, to improve the efficiency when reforming the fuel and to simplify the fuel reforming reactor. According to the fuel reforming apparatus and method, since the heat of reaction is efficiently controlled and used, a simple on-off operation, reduction of starting time and a stable operational condition are accomplished, which are indispensably required for a fuel reforming system in fuel cells, such as household, portable and car fuel cells.

Abstract: Input circuit configurations that reduce the amount of input signal jitter caused by a common input signal return path, methods and circuits utilizing the same are provided. Input signal return path noise may be decoupled from the power for receiver circuits, for example, by utilizing separate power supply lines, such as VDDQ and VSSQ, as input signal return path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separator for a fuel cell made of a metal plate coated with TiN, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell comprising the separator and a method for manufacturing the separator. According to the invention, the separator can be made to be thin and it is possible to increase the power density, compared to the prior separator made of graphite. At the same time, a proper level of physical strength can be maintained, so that there is no problem of a breakdown by an external shock. In addition, the flow field can be easily formed and the cost is low. Additionally, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell comprising the separator using a metal plate coated with TiN according to the invention has no problem of corrosion of metal separator due to the electrolyte, compared to the prior metal separator, so that the durability is excellent and the lifetime is long.

Abstract: A method and circuit configuration for digitizing data and control signals using an input buffer in a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device. In one embodiment, the input buffer includes buffer modules having a differential amplifier with a first input responsive to an input signal and a second input responsive to a reference voltage, a common source stage, and an output stage and a source of a bias voltage controlling impedance of the common source stage, wherein the reference voltage defines the amplitude of the bias voltage.

Abstract: A buffer circuit includes a differential amplifier, a buffering inverter, and a reference voltage monitoring circuit. The differential amplifier has a reference voltage and a current source as inputs. The buffering inverter has an output of the differential amplifier as an input. The reference voltage monitoring circuit includes two transistors and a second current source. An output of the reference voltage monitoring circuit is connected to the buffering inverter so as to minimize an effect of a variation in the value of the reference voltage on signal propagation delay times. The buffer circuit can further include a driver circuit with a comparator. A method of managing signal propagation delays includes providing a differential amplifier, providing at least one buffering inverter, and providing a reference voltage monitoring circuit. The reference voltage monitoring circuit can maintain signal propagation delays as a reference voltage varies.