Abstract: A method for providing a Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) service to a terminal communicable with different communication networks. The DMB service method includes receiving a broadcasting program over a DMB network; receiving the broadcasting program over a Wireless Broadband (WiBro) network upon failure to receive the broadcasting program signal from the DMB network; and upon receipt of the broadcasting program signal back from the DMB network, interrupting the broadcasting program received from the WiBro network and receiving the broadcasting program over the DMB network.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, an image sensor includes a semiconductor layer and isolation regions disposed in the semiconductor layer. The isolation regions define active regions of the semiconductor layer. The image sensor further includes photoelectric converters disposed in the semiconductor layer and at least one wiring layer disposed over a top surface of the semiconductor layer. The image sensor also includes color filters disposed below a bottom surface of the semiconductor layer and lenses disposed below the color filters. Each lens is arranged to concentrate incoming light into an area spanned by a corresponding photoelectric converter.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system, a relay station (RS) is used for signal exchange with a base station (BS), and includes a first antenna set including at least one antenna, used for signal exchange with the BS, and a second antenna set including at least one antenna, used for signal exchange with a mobile station (MS). The RS selects at least one antenna from the second antenna set for each of the at least one MS, and exchanges a signal with the MS using the selected at least one antenna.

Abstract: A frame configuration method and apparatus for sending data via an RS in a broadband wireless communication system are provided. In the reception mode, the RS monitors reception of data in an (n?1)th frame from an MS and reception of data in an nth frame from a BS. The RS classifies the data received from the MS and the data received from the BS as combinable data to be sent in combination or as non-combinable data to be sent separately, and stores the classified data distinguishably. When the RS transitions to a transmission mode, it determines whether to XOR-operate or mask the stored data. If the stored data can be masked, the RS XOR-operates the stored data and sends the masked data to the BS and the MS.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for performing Automatic Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) in a wireless relay communication system are provided, which include performing ARQ with the base station (BS), transmitting data successfully received from the BS to mobile station (MS), and retransmitting corresponding data to the MS when a retransmission indication message is received from the BS. Since the relay station (RS) relays only the errorless data to the receiver, the reliability of the data received at the receiver can be enhanced. The load on the RS can be reduced because the transmitter controls the ARQ.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing relay link zone information in a multi-hop relay BWA communication system, where a BS performs a network entry procedure with an RS during an initial access of the RS to the BS, generates a message including relay link zone information regarding a relay link zone in which the BS communicates with the RS, processes the message in a physical layer, and transmits the processed message to the RS.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for transmitting and detecting subchannel constitution scheme information in a multihop relay Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) communication system. The method includes determining a subchannel constitution scheme for fixing a start zone of BW-RS link according to channel information (e.g., channel condition information, interference, and mobility), transmitting determined subchannel constitution scheme information of the start zone using a FCH preamble, detecting physical channel signals of subchannel constitution schemes from the received FCH preamble, checking preset codes, and detecting the subchannel constitution scheme of the start zone using the detected physical channel signals of the subchannel constitution schemes and the codes. The subchannel constitution scheme of the BS-RS link can be adaptively applied based on the channel information.

Abstract: A frame communication apparatus and method for a broadband wireless communication system are provided that employ a transmitter. In the transmitter, a control channel generating unit generates burst allocation information including a receiver identification (ID) with respect to a transmission packet, a burst generating unit constructs data burst by adding a header including a traffic ID to the transmission packet, and a transmitting unit transmits the burst allocation information and the data burst. An existing connection ID (CID) is subdivided into a user ID (UID) and a traffic ID (TID). The UID and the TID are recorded in a map channel message and a medium access control (MAC) header, respectively. Accordingly, an amount of information contained in a downlink map (DL-MAP) and uplink map (UL-MAP), and an amount of the MAC header of a data packet can be reduced.

Abstract: A PSI converter includes: a protocol data extractor, a protocol data converter, a protocol data inserter, and a system controller. The protocol data extractor is configured for demultiplexing a terrestrial broadcasting TS or a satellite broadcasting TS, and extracting audio/video data and PSIP/PSI data or audio/video data and SI/PSI data from the terrestrial broadcasting TS or the satellite broadcasting TS, respectively. The protocol data converter is configured for converting the PSIP/PSI data or the SI/PSI data into PSIP/PSI data of a corresponding digital cable television broadcasting standard. The protocol data inserter is configured for inserting the digital cable television broadcasting standard PSIP/PSI data into the audio/video data extracted by the protocol data extractor though TS multiplexing, and generating a digital cable broadcasting TS.

Abstract: A digital broadcast protocol conversion system including: a PSIP/PSI extractor for demultiplexing a transport stream of an ATSC broadcast standard to extract PSIP/PSI data; an SI/PSI extractor for demultiplexing a transport stream of a DVB broadcast standard to extract SI/PSI data; a protocol converter for converting the PSIP/PSI data to SI?/PSI? data corresponding to a broadcast protocol of the DVB broadcast standard or converting the SI/PSI data to PSIP?/PSI? data corresponding to a broadcast protocol of the ATSC broadcast standard; and a multiplexer for multiplexing the SI?/PSI? data and the transport stream having the PSIP/PSI data extracted therefrom, or multiplexing the PSIP?/PSI? data and the transport stream having the PSIP/PSI data extracted therefrom, thereby converting the broadcast protocol between different broadcast standards.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, an image sensor includes a semiconductor layer and isolation regions disposed in the semiconductor layer. The isolation regions define active regions of the semiconductor layer. The image sensor further includes photoelectric converters disposed in the semiconductor layer and at least one wiring layer disposed over a top surface of the semiconductor layer. The image sensor also includes color filters disposed below a bottom surface of the semiconductor layer and lenses disposed below the color filters. Each lens is arranged to concentrate incoming light into an area spanned by a corresponding photoelectric converter.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip having a solder bump and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The semiconductor chip includes at least one under bump metal (UBM) layer formed on an electrode pad of the semiconductor chip, an adhesion enhance layer (AEL) formed on the UBM layer and having at least one concavo-convex portion on a top surface thereof, and the solder bump formed on the AEL. Thereby, adhesive solder bump is increased, and thereby the reliability of the semiconductor chip can be improved. Further, it is possible to prevent tin (Sn) in the solder bump from being diffused due to the AEL.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip having a solder bump and a method of fabricating the same are provided. Conventionally, an inter-metallic compound (IMC) unexpectedly grows at an interface of the solder bump by means of heat generated during operation of the semiconductor chip, thereby weakening mechanical property of the semiconductor chip. To solve this drawback, the semiconductor chip includes at least one metal adhesion layer formed on an electrode pad of the semiconductor chip, an interlayer isolation layer formed on the metal adhesion layer, at least one penetration layer formed on the interlayer isolation layer and penetrating into the solder bump, and the solder bump formed on the penetration layer. Thereby, materials of the penetration layer penetrate into the solder bump to change the solder bump into a multi-component solder bump, so that the growth of the IMC is suppressed, and the reliability of the semiconductor chip can be improved.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor wafer. The method includes preparing a substrate wafer having a non-single-crystalline thin layer; disposing at least one single crystalline pattern adjacent to the non-single-crystalline thin layer on the substrate wafer; and forming a material layer contacting the single crystalline pattern on the non-single-crystalline thin layer.

Abstract: A method for providing a Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) service to a terminal communicable with different communication networks. The DMB service method includes receiving a broadcasting program over a DMB network; receiving the broadcasting program over a Wireless Broadband (WiBro) network upon failure to receive the broadcasting program signal from the DMB network; and upon receipt of the broadcasting program signal back from the DMB network, interrupting the broadcasting program received from the WiBro network and receiving the broadcasting program over the DMB network.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system, a relay station (RS) is used for signal exchange with a base station (BS), and includes a first antenna set including at least one antenna, used for signal exchange with the BS, and a second antenna set including at least one antenna, used for signal exchange with a mobile station (MS). The RS selects at least one antenna from the second antenna set for each of the at least one MS, and exchanges a signal with the MS using the selected at least one antenna.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for providing a synchronous relay service in a multi-hop relay BWA communication system. In the method, a BS-MS link subframe and an RS-MS link subframe are configured for a first section of a subframe in an ith frame. At least one of a BS-RS link subframe, an RS-RS link subframe and an RS-MS link subframe is configured for a second section of a subframe in the ith frame. The BS-MS link subframe and the RS-MS link subframe are configured for a first section of a subframe in an (i+1)th frame. At least one of the BS-RS link subframe, the RS-RS link subframe and the RS-MS link subframe is configured for a second section of a subframe in the (i+1)th frame.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing relay link zone information in a multi-hop relay BWA communication system, where a BS performs a network entry procedure with an RS during an initial access of the RS to the BS, generates a message including relay link zone information regarding a relay link zone in which the BS communicates with the RS, processes the message in a physical layer, and transmits the processed message to the RS.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for configuring a subframe to support a relay service in a multi-hop relay BWA communication system are provided. The apparatus includes at least one of a BS-MS link subframe, a primary RS-MS link subframe, and a BS-secondary RS link subframe are configured in a first period of the subframe, and at least one of a BS-primary RS link subframe, an RS-RS link subframe, and a secondary RS-MS link subframe is configured in a second period of the subframe.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for transmitting and detecting subchannel constitution scheme information in a multihop relay Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) communication system. The method includes determining a subchannel constitution scheme for fixing a start zone of BW-RS link according to channel information (e.g., channel condition information, interference, and mobility), transmitting determined subchannel constitution scheme information of the start zone using a FCH preamble, detecting physical channel signals of subchannel constitution schemes from the received FCH preamble, checking preset codes, and detecting the subchannel constitution scheme of the start zone using the detected physical channel signals of the subchannel constitution schemes and the codes. The subchannel constitution scheme of the BS-RS link can be adaptively applied based on the channel information.