Abstract: In known starting devices, an individual starter is provided which accelerates the internal combustion engine to only a relatively low rotational speed at which an initial injection with subsequent combustion takes place. During a cold start of the internal combustion engine, it is therefore absolutely necessary to provide a relatively rich fuel/air mixture for the initial injection. However, this results in a situation in which, during this phase, relatively high exhaust gas emissions, in particular of hydrocarbons, are produced, which cannot be controlled by a catalytic converter which is not yet at its operating temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an articulated pipe connection for two conducting arts of a motor vehicle which comprises spherical connecting pieces for joining the two conducting parts and has at least on one connecting piece a flange-shaped connecting piece abuttable axially against the latter, said connecting piece being connected with spring tension by spring means with the other connecting piece, with the connecting pieces being held together by the spring means with a pretensioning force.

Abstract: In an inlet system for a two-cycle internal combustion engine which includes a cylinder with a piston reciprocating therein between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position and in which at least two rows of scavenging air flow passages are arranged in separate flow planes around the cylinder adjacent the bottom dead center position of the piston which are closed by the piston when it is remote from the bottom dead center position, each of the separate flow planes includes independent air flow control components for independently controlling the admission of scavenging air to the scavenging air passages in the different flow planes.

Abstract: The quality of the external air is determined by means of a pollutant sensor. The quality of the internal air is determined by calculation taking account of the air quantities introduced from outside into the internal space. A decision between air supply operation and air recirculation operation is then made on the basis of a comparison of the air qualities inside and outside. The pollutant sensor is preferably located in a casing whose internal space is accessible to gases through an opening which is preferably sealed by a gas-permeable membrane.

Abstract: A ventilation arrangement for the interior of a motor vehicle, having at least a heating or air-conditioning unit. The ventilation arrangement has a fan for air exchange in the interior and a filter for the adsorption of odorous and/or harmful substances contained in the air stream. The filter is designed so that, for the widest possible spectrum of odorous and/or harmful substances, a filter effect is produced which is based on rapid adsorption of the odorous and harmful substances and a gradual desorption thereof with a long time delay. A high short-term concentration of the odorous and/or harmful substances is thus converted by the filter into an extremely low but, instead, long-lasting emission which, with sufficiently extensive dilution, remains below a preset odor threshold or nuisance threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus for the regeneration of a soot-particle filter is located in the exhaust-gas line of an air-compression, fuel-injected internal-combustion engine. The apparatus regenerates the filter using a process which burns off the soot particles in the filter. A device in the intake line is actuable as a function of the engine load and engine speed and controls the cross-section of the intake line. To prevent damage to the soot-particle filter body during a transition of the internal-combustion engine into the deceleration mode, immediately after the transition into the deceleration mode of the internal-combustion engine, the process and apparatus move the device for controlling the intake-line cross-section first out of its open position into a position to reduce the line cross-section to a minimum and thereafter continuously into its open position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a direct fuel injection method for a diesel engine in which a preset quantity of fuel is introduced into a combustion space via a fuel injection nozzle in a preinjection and in a main injection which is separate from the preinjection. To achieve a short ignition delay with lowest possible specific fuel consumption during this process, the beginning of the preinjection occurs within the range of 10.degree.-16.degree. or of 20.degree.-30.degree. crank angle before top dead center, depending on speed, and the beginning of the main injection occurs within the range of 2.degree. after top dead center to 15.degree. before top dead center, the interval between the end of the preinjection and the beginning of the main injection being within the range of 3.degree. to 14.degree. or of 3.degree. to 26.degree. crank angle before top dead center and the preinjection quantity is 10% to 20% or 1% to 5% of the quantity of fuel preset in each case, depending on load.

Abstract: A monolithic exhaust gas catalyst, or catalytic converter, is arranged in a metallic housing and is supported against the inner surfaces of the housing by a resilient fiber material positioned therebetween. The resilient fiber material is provided with a catalytically active coating so that the exhaust gases which flow outside the exhaust gas catalyst and through the fiber material, are also converted by the treated fiber material.

Abstract: A self-optimizing control method for optimizing the fuel/air ratio under non-steady conditions in an internal combustion engine is described; in this method, a probe is provided both before and after the catalyst. Control quantities and the time during which the post catalyst probe shows an undesirable fuel/air ratio are stored for certain specified engine-operating conditions in the non-steady range. When the same engine operating condition is repeated, reference is made to the stored control quantities and time and the control quantity is varied in the direction of the correct fuel/air ratio. The time now obtained is compared with the stored time and, if the time has decreased, the new control quantity and the new time are stored. The control values are iteratively corrected by repeating these procedures, when the same engine operating condition reappears, until the time reaches a minimum.

Abstract: A method for testing and adjusting catalytic exhaust gas emission control systems of internal combustion engines, in which the fuel-air-ratio is regulated by means of a .lambda.-probe (control-probe) arranged in the exhaust gas stream upstream of the catalyst, whereby the exhaust gas stream is measured downstream of the catalyst by means of a further .lambda.-probe (test-probe). The voltage average value and amplitude magnitude of the signal produced by the test-probe are determined and serve for adjusting the operating point of the control system and for the recognition of the catalyst efficiency.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a mixture-compressing spark ignition internal-combustion engine has a fuel-metering device having a housing with a control cylinder arranged therein, a control piston having at least two control edges being rotatably and longitudinally slidably arranged in said control cylinder. One front surface of said control piston is acted upon by fuel and its other front surface interacts with a pressure spring. Between the control edges, the control piston is equipped with a control space area. The housing has an inflow opening for a fuel inflow pipe, an outflow opening for a fuel return flow pipe in which a pressure regulating valve is arranged, and an outflow opening assigned to a fuel injection nozzle. The outflow opening connected with a control opening in the control cylinder interacts with the control edges.

Abstract: A measuring device that is moved corresponding to the amount of medium flowing through a housing is provided for measuring the flow rate of a gaseous or liquid medium through the housing. The displacement of the measuring device represents a measurement of the amount of medium flowing through the housing and during the displacement of which, a movable part of a control valve is adjusted for metering a control medium volume that is proportional to the flow of medium in the housing. The measuring means is pivotably mounted at an upstream end to the housing and, at a downstream end, rests against the wall of the housing in its closed position. In order to provide an arrangement that is simple to manufacture and is not susceptible to momentary disturbances and which records the measured values exactly, the measuring means comprises a concavely shaped leaf spring which interacts with the flow of medium.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring the amount of oxygen in exhaust gas emitted by an internal-combustion engine. The system includes an exhaust pipe for conducting engine exhaust gas and a probe for determining the oxygen content of engine exhaust gases. The exhaust pipe has a side wall formed to include an aperture for continuously discharging a portion of the engine exhaust gas flowing through the pipe. The system further includes a support housing for positioning the probe at a location outside of the exhaust pipe in proximity to the side wall aperture so that the probe is exposed to the engine exhaust gas portion discharged through the aperture and for collecting exhaust gas in a space surrounding the probe. The aperture is sized to permit exhaust gas collected in the support housing to be reintroduced into the exhaust pipe so that collected exhaust gas will be exchanged continuously with exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A drive arrangement which includes a number of internal combustion engines which are adapted to be connected to a flow of working force through free wheeling or one way clutches and gears to a common output shaft. In addition to a flow of working force the individual internal combustion engines may be interconnected by another flow of a tractive force which is formed by gearing up gears and one way or free wheeling clutches. This flow of tractive force acts only in a direction of force flow which opposes the flow of the working force. The internal combustion engines may be mechanically arranged in parallel next to one another or in series behind one another with working or output shafts of the internal combustion engines being located parallel or in series one behind the other. The working shafts are connected with parallel gear stages which transmit at different ratios and have opposing force flows.

Abstract: A fuel-injected internal combustion engine wherein fuel is injected in dependence upon a quantity or volume of air supplied to the engine. A throttle valve controls the airflow rate with an O.sub.2 probe, arranged in an exhaust manifold, controlling a timing valve through a control device for enabling a timed relief of injection pressure of the fuel. An ignition starter switch is connected to the control device in such a manner that the timing valve is fully open during an operation of the ignition starter switch so as to enable a starting boost. An adjustable timing member is coupled to an operating switch provided in the control device, which operating switch closes automatically after a termination of the starting process. The timing member maintains the timing valve in a fully open position during a specific time span so as to provide for an after-start boost.

Abstract: An arrangement for supplying an additive to a fuel-injected air compressing internal combustion engine. The arrangement includes a feeding device arranged at an inlet or intake of the internal combustion engine and a load and/or speed dependent metering device is provided which controls the supply of the additive to the feeding device.

Abstract: A piston internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder and with a cooling system coordinated thereto that operates with a fluid medium and includes an oil-spray cooling system; at partial engine loads, the cooling output is reduced by disconnection of a part of the oil-spray cooling system so that the heat content in the combustion space increases while the specific fuel consumption is reduced and the warm-up period of the engine after the start is reduced.

Abstract: A soot filter in the exhaust gas flow of air-compressing internal combustion engines, with a preferably cylindrically shaped filter housing arranged in proximity of the exhaust of the internal combustion engine, to which are connected radial or tangential inlet connections and in which is arranged ceramic fiber material; the fiber material forms hollow spaces together with the inner wall surfaces of the filter housing, which hollow spaces receive the exhaust gases after flowing through the filter parts and which conduct the exhaust gases in the axial direction of the filter housing to the exhaust line axially connected thereto.

Abstract: In an installation for the catalytic decontamination of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, especially of motor vehicle internal combustion engines, in which a preferably cylindrical catalyst-monolith is supported in a corresponding housing under interposition of radially elastic elements, the housing is thereby detachably connected at least at one open side with an adjoining pipe or structural part and each monolith is inserted from that side into the housing by means of a separate insert housing and is then axially fixed by the detachable pipe or structural part.

Abstract: A soot filter adapted to be arranged in an exhaust gas stream of air-compressing internal combustion engines. The soot filter includes a cylindrical filter housing arranged in proximity of the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine with inlet pipe connecting studs from outlet side of the internal combustion engine being connected to the cylindrical filter housing. A ceramic material of a hollow cylindrical shape is arranged in the filter housing at a distance from a circumferential wall of the filter housing. The ceramic material consists of an outer layer of loose ceramic fiber wadding and of inner woven ceramic fiber matting. A hollow space inside of the ceramic fiber material is connected, in an axial direction, with exhaust gas line of the internal combustion engine.