Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system (10) for fuel cell stacks (22, 26), comprising a first cooling module (14) and a second cooling module (18). The first cooling module (14) comprises a fuel cell stack (22, 26), a supply line connection (30, 34) for connecting a supply line (38, 42) for supplying coolant to the fuel cell stack (22, 26), a discharge line connection (46, 50) for connecting a discharge line (54, 58) for discharging coolant from the fuel cell stack (22, 26), and a venting line connection (94, 98) for connecting a venting line (102, 106).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system (10) using a first operating mode, in which, when all of the fuel cell stacks (22, 26) are inactive, one fuel cell stack (22) is pre-heated using a coolant that is pre-heated by means of an electric heater (42) while bypassing all cooler circuits (58) of the active coolant circuits (14) via bypass lines (64) and the one pre-heated fuel cell stack (22) is activated in order to pre-heat an additional fuel cell stack (26) of the fuel cell system. Other operating modes for operating a fuel cell system are disclosed in additional embodiments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system (10) for fuel cell stacks (22, 26), comprising a first cooling module (14) and a second cooling module (18). The first cooling module (14) comprises a fuel cell stack (22, 26), a supply line connection (30, 34) for connecting a supply line (38, 42) for supplying coolant to the fuel cell stack (22, 26), a discharge line connection (46, 50) for connecting a discharge line (54, 58) for discharging coolant from the fuel cell stack (22, 26), and a venting line connection (94, 98) for connecting a venting line (102, 106).

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system (10) for fuel cell stacks (22, 26), comprising a first cooling module (14) and a second cooling module (18). The first cooling module (14) comprises a fuel cell stack (22, 26), a supply line connection (30, 34) for connecting a supply line (38, 42) for supplying coolant to the fuel cell stack (22, 26), a discharge line connection (46, 50) for connecting a discharge line (54, 58) for discharging coolant from the fuel cell stack (22, 26), and a venting line connection (94, 98) for connecting a venting line (102, 106).

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system (10) for fuel cell stacks (22, 26), comprising a first cooling module (14) and a second cooling module (18). The first cooling module (14) comprises a fuel cell stack (22, 26), a supply line connection (30, 34) for connecting a supply line (38, 42) for supplying coolant to the fuel cell stack (22, 26), a discharge line connection (46, 50) for connecting a discharge line (54, 58) for discharging coolant from the fuel cell stack (22, 26), and a venting line connection (94, 98) for connecting a venting line (102, 106).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system (10) using a first operating mode, in which, when all of the fuel cell stacks (22, 26) are inactive, one fuel cell stack (22) is pre-heated using a coolant that is pre-heated by means of an electric heater (42) while bypassing all cooler circuits (58) of the active coolant circuits (14) via bypass lines (64) and the one pre-heated fuel cell stack (22) is activated in order to pre-heat an additional fuel cell stack (26) of the fuel cell system. Other operating modes for operating a fuel cell system are disclosed in additional embodiments.

Abstract: A fuel injector, in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, includes a valve needle at whose discharge-side end a valve-closure member is positioned, which cooperates with a valve-seat surface, formed at a valve-seat member, to form a sealing seat. A spray-discharge orifice calotte connected to the valve-seat member of the fuel injector, or integrally formed in one piece with it, has at least three spray-discharge orifices not all extended axes of the spray-discharge orifices intersecting.

Abstract: A fuel injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines having a magnetic coil, a valve needle, which is in operative connection with the magnetic coil and acted upon in a closing direction by a restoring spring to actuate a valve-closure member, which, together with a valve-seat surface formed at a valve-seat member, forms a sealing seat; and having at least one spray-discharge orifice which is formed in the valve-seat member. The spray-discharge orifices discharge from elevations which project beyond an outer end face of the valve-seat member, the fuel being guided through flow channels in the elevations.

Abstract: A fuel injector, for example, a high-pressure injection valve for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having external ignition, which is distinguished in that an outlet orifice is provided downstream from the valve seat which, at its downstream end, has a slot-forming element that largely closes off the outlet orifice. Between the outlet orifice and a front face of the valve-seat member, the slot-forming element leaves open a slot-shaped flow outlet, through which a fuel spray may be spray-discharged in a fan-jet pattern.

Abstract: A fuel injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines having a magnetic coil, a valve needle, which is in operative connection with the magnetic coil and acted upon in a closing direction by a restoring spring to actuate a valve-closure member, which, together with a valve-seat surface formed at a valve-seat member, forms a sealing seat; and having at least one spray-discharge orifice which is formed in the valve-seat member. The spray-discharge orifices discharge from elevations which project beyond an outer end face of the valve-seat member, the fuel being guided through flow channels in the elevations.

Abstract: A fuel injector (1), in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, includes a valve needle (3) at whose discharge-side end a valve-closure member (4) is positioned, which cooperates with a valve-seat surface (6), formed at a valve-seat member (5), to form a sealing seat. A spray-discharge orifice calotte (37, 41), connected to the valve-seat member (5) of the fuel injector (1), or integrally formed in one piece with it, has at least three spray-discharge orifices (38, 42), not all extended axes (39, 43) of the spray-discharge orifices (38, 42) intersecting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel injector, particularly a high-pressure injection valve for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having external ignition, which is distinguished in that an outlet orifice (23) is provided downstream from the valve seat (20) which, at its downstream end, has a slot-forming element (30) that largely closes off the outlet orifice (23). Between it and a front face (34) of the valve-seat member (16), the slot-forming element (30) leaves open a slot-shaped flow outlet (35), through which a fuel spray may be spray-discharged in a fan-jet pattern.

Abstract: Fuel injection valve is described which possesses a multilayer swirl valve downstream from a valve seat shaped onto a valve seat element, at least these two components being installed from the inflow direction into a passthrough opening of a valve seat support. The valve seat support has a lower base region that provides for a reduction in the cross section of the passthrough opening downstream from the valve seat. The fuel injection valve is suitable in particular for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing, spark-ignited internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The fuel injection valve described is characterized in that a perforated disk (23) is arranged downstream from a valve seat surface (29) of a valve seat body (16), the perforated disk (23) being held on the valve seat body (16) by a flat, disk-shaped perforated disk carrier (21). The perforated disk (23) has a full passage for a fluid and at least one inlet opening in a bottom functional layer. The perforated disk carrier (21) has a through opening (20), which is directly surrounded by an edge area (35), which is provided with formations (38) that reduce the spring constant of the perforated disk carrier (21).

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection valve which is characterized in that it possesses a multilayer swirl valve (30) downstream from a valve seat (15) shaped onto a valve seat element (13), at least these two components being installed from the inflow direction into a passthrough opening (10) of a valve seat support (9). The valve seat support (9) has a lower base region (17) that provides for a reduction in the cross section of the passthrough opening (10) downstream from the valve seat (15).

Abstract: Component having several plates or working layers which are built upon one another by microdeposition. At least one code mark which is produced during electroplating and can be evaluated from the outside through optical means, is provided in at least one of the working layers forming an outer edge of the component. In the form of a perforated disk, the component is suitable for use in injection valves, in ink-jet printers, for spraying or injecting fluids, or for atomizing medicines.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is described which has a swirl disk downstream from a valve seat, the swirl disk being made of at least one metallic material, having at least two swirl channels opening into a swirl chamber, and in which all layers are adheringly deposited directly one on top of the other by electroplating (multilayer electroplating). The swirl disk is installed in the valve so that the surface normal to its surface forms an oblique angle other than 0° with the longitudinal valve axis, so that a jet angle &ggr; with respect to the longitudinal valve axis is formed due to the orientation of the swirl disk. The fuel injection valve is particularly well suited for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a compressed mixture externally ignited internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A perforated disk has a complete passage for a fluid and composed of an inlet opening, outlet openings, and at least one cavity positioned between them. The at least three functional plates of the perforated disk, each of which has a characteristic opening structure, are applied onto one another by electrodeposition (multilayer electroplating) so that the perforated disk is composed of a single piece. Gas supply openings through which a gas can be supplied in the direction of the fluid to be sprayed are located in the lower functional plate, thus providing very fine atomization of the fluid. The outlet openings are part of the gas supply openings. The perforated disk is especially suitable for use in injection valves for mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A fuel inject includes an orifice plate which is arranged on a valve-seat member, particularly at its downstream end face, the valve-seat member having a fixed valve seat, the orifice geometry of the orifice plate being bounded by the valve-seat member, so that the flow ratios in the orifice plate are influenced by the valve-seat member. The valve-seat member covers an upper inlet region of the orifice plate, at least to the extent that downstream outlet orifices of the orifice plate are overlapped. The fuel injector is particularly suited for use in fuel systems of mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve having a swirl disk, located downstream from a valve seat (15), that is made of at least one metallic material and has at least two swirl channels emptying into a swirl chamber, with all layers being built up by electrodeposition (multilayer electroplating) so that they adhere firmly to each other. The swirl disk has an upper layer that includes multiple material areas separated from each other by opening structures. The material areas of the swirl disk rest against a valve seat body containing the valve seat. The fuel injection valve is especially suitable for injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition.