Abstract: An optical switch comprises a substrate, first and second optical waveguide, and first and second conducting elements. The first optical waveguide is coupled to the substrate. The first conducting element is coupled to the first optical waveguide. The second optical waveguide is coupled to the substrate. The second conducting element is coupled to the second optical waveguide. In operation, a first electrical bias applied between the first and second conducting elements causes the first optical waveguide to not optically couple to the second optical waveguide. Further in operation, a second electric bias applied between the first and second conducting elements causes the first optical waveguide to optically couple to the second optical waveguide.

Abstract: A control device for the drive motor of a windscreen wiper device in a vehicle, especially a motor vehicle, comprising a control switch which can be activated by means of a manually actuated wiper switch and which automatically controls the drive motor in a switching stage of said wiper switch according to a rain sensor signal corresponding to a characteristic curve. The operating data for the drive motor varies according to the external effects of lighting, temperature, or speed parameters.

Abstract: An all-weather housing for outdoor microwave radio nodes arranged in a network, each node capable of directing or receiving a beam of microwave energy in a selected direction, the housing including a shroud enclosing a transceiver, antenna, switches, and utilities. Each shroud has a radome projecting from the shroud in line of sight relation to other radomes in the network. A microwave radio transceiver is disposed within the shroud, operating on a scheduled transmission and reception basis in accordance with a schedule provided in a control channel amidst data. A ball-shaped microwave refractive lens is located adjacent to the radome, inside of the shroud, with a curved array of feed ports and switches, with the feed ports communicating microwave energy between the transceiver and the radome through the lens in multiple selected directions.

Abstract: A motor vehicle door lock and a process for controlling a motor vehicle door lock, the motor vehicle door lock having an electric motor drive for reaching a set position based upon at least one operating parameter such as a start-up characteristic acquired when the drive is started up. The electric motor drive is shut off and short circuited prior to the set position in time and in position. In order to achieve high positioning accuracy, deviations from the set positions are acquired to correct the shut-off point for later positioning.

Abstract: An apparatus for folding down back seats in a motor vehicle in order to enlarge the cargo volume, having individual seat elements that can be moved in relation to one another, wherein at least one seat element or a part of a seat element can constitute a part of a loading surface (10), and having drive mechanisms (12, 14, 16) which are connected to the individual seat elements. The proposal is made that a first drive mechanism (12) be disposed at a rotation point (18) of a seat bottom (20), a second drive mechanism (14) be disposed at a sliding point (22) of a headrest (24), and a third drive mechanism (16) be disposed at a rotation point (26) of a seatback (28).

Abstract: A wireless radio communication scheme in which data packets scheduled for transmission to spatially diverse locations are directed by a switched router apparatus capable of switching data packets and transmitting them between network nodes, where the direction and timing of switching is controlled in real time by the information derived from the packet's route destination and the network's node spatial topology. The present invention uses a very high speed electronically controlled switched array feed for the microwave frequency range above 1 GHz, coupled to an RF focusing and collimating antenna that enables the wireless transceivers nodes to spatially switch data packets towards other wireless transceivers nodes based on the data packets routing, scheduling and link availability information.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for the treatment of old paper without the use of biocides and chlorine compounds as well as with the virtual avoidance of hydrogen peroxide and/or peracetic acid with a total germ count of less than 1000 CFU/g and/or a surface germ count of less than 20 CFU/dm2, comprising the following process steps: a treatment of the pre-sorted, optionally pre-shredded, old-paper starting material in an environment containing water in order to activate the microorganism spores, a germination of the spores, a further processing of the old-paper starting material containing germinated spores, preferably in at least one separation stage in a generally known manner at temperatures above room temperature (20° C. to 70° C. [68° F. to 158° F.

Abstract: An electronically commutable motor, whose excitation windings can be fed with current via semiconductor output stages from an electronic control unit using pulse-width modulated control signals and, in this context, which generate a rotating field in the stator of the motor, the rotating field placing the permanent magnet of the motor in rotational motion.

Abstract: A motor vehicle door lock and a process for controlling a motor vehicle door lock, the motor vehicle door lock having an electric motor drive for reaching a set position based upon at least one operating parameter such as a start-up characteristic acquired when the drive is started up. The electric motor drive is shut off and short circuited prior to the set position in time and in position. In order to achieve high positioning accuracy, deviations from the set positions are acquired to correct the shut-off point for later positioning.

Abstract: An electrically controllable motor vehicle door lock, a motor vehicle door lock system with such a motor vehicle door lock, and a process for controlling the motor vehicle door lock. Simple and optimum adjustability of the functionality of the motor vehicle door lock is enabled by storing control parameters which determine the functionality of the motor vehicle door lock in an electrical storage. The control parameters are adaptable and can be changed so that the functionality of the motor vehicle door lock is fixed by its control parameters. Moreover, different control parameters or sets of control parameters can be used for different functioning states or closing states of the motor vehicle door lock, and therefore, the conditions for the passage from one state into another state of the motor vehicle door lock can be fixed regardless of which states or combination possibilities occur.

Abstract: A control device operates a window wiper in a motor vehicle, and includes a switching device for the selection of several wiping functions, a sensor device for determining a wetting degree of a window, and an electronic analyzing system. The window wiper is capable of being operated, depending on the wiping function selected by the user, in a continuous wiping operation and/or in a single wiping operation. The electronic analyzing system, during a first wiping function, analyzes the determined wetting degree of the window and, depending on the determined wetting degree of the window, in a continuous wiping operation, sets a wiping frequency and/or, in a single wiping operation, activates a wiping cycle for the window wiper.

Abstract: A wiper blade for cleaning window glass of motor vehicles, comprising an elongated support frame provided with retaining claws, an elongated wiper strip composed of an elastic material and having a head strip grasped by the retaining claws, the head strip being provided with a longitudinal channel which is closed around and opens at end faces of the wiper strip, a spring rail located in the longitudinal channel and fixed against longitudinal shifting, a retaining unit fixing the spring rail against the longitudinal shifting, a unit mounted on the wiper strip so as to cooperate with the frame part and to secure the wiper strip in captive fashion on the support frame, the spring rail being retained by a positive engagement in the longitudinal channel, the securing unit being firmly connected to the wiper strip.

Abstract: In a squirrel-cage rotor, the theoretical ideal groove cross section is divided radially into at least two zones, which are displaced relative to each other alternatively in and against the direction of rotation of the rotor, the groove cross section including protuberances that extend into the theoretical ideal groove cross section and bulges that extend from the theoretically ideal groove cross section in a manner that the width of a tooth between the individual grooves remains the same as the theoretical ideal groove cross section, thus preventing the conductor rods from shifting either as they cool after aluminum has been introduced into the grooves or at high rotational rotor speeds.

Abstract: In an electric motor the shaft projects beyond the bearing on the closed-end and has a central bore running from this side to close to the drive-end bearing. Centrally in the bore is secured a tube which either extends to close to the end of the bore or is secured in a blind hole in the end of the bore. The tube has a lateral bore in the region of the base of the bore. At the end of the shaft near the closed-end bearing outside the motor housing, a device is secured to the end-plate via which water, used as a coolant, passes into the tube and flows back via the space between the tube and the bore. The tube is held centrally in the bore by two discs, having axial holes, slid over the tube. This construction makes it possible to conduct the heat dissipated in the rotor winding and the rotor, which is transmitted to the shaft, away in the best possible way.

Abstract: A control device for the control of stepping motors for the adjustment of a motor vehicle seat, including an adjustment of the seat depth, being the distance between the front edge of the seat surface and the backrest, for adaptation to different thigh lengths of the respective passengers. The control device comprises, in a preferred embodiment, at least one actuating element with two parts, that are displaceable independently of but parallel to each other, as well as first and second switches assigned to parts of the actuating element, respectively, wherein the first switches are provided to control at least the seat depth adjustment, while the second switches are provided to control at least the longitudinal seat adjustment.

Abstract: A novel optical system is taught including an optical source, an optical modulator having at least one optical input port for receiving the optical signal from the optical source, a modulation port for receiving the optical signal from the optical source, a modulation port for receiving a modulating signal, and complementary output port signals. The complementary modulated output signals are applied to one or more optical receivers at the other end of an optical transmission link. In one embodiment, the two complementary signals are provided to two separate optical receivers, thereby allowing distribution of optically modulated signals, for example, in a cable television or other type distribution system. In another embodiment, the two complementary modulated signals are applied to a single balanced receiver, thereby providing information content to the complementary receiver twice the power level available on either one channel alone.

Abstract: A radio data system transmits message groups comprising four blocks of which the first block always carries the program identification code for the transmitting network (P1(TN)). One type of message group, identified by a corresponding group type code (GT) in a second block always carries a program identification code for another network (PI(ON) in a fourth block and carries various corresponding items of information in a third block. Which of these various items is in the third block is identified by a user code (UC) in the second block. The items of information in the third block may in particular include alternative frequency codes for the other network identified in the fourth block.

Abstract: A laser generates a beam which is actively steered into an optical element having a waveguide which receives and transmits the beam. The waveguide is coupled to an optical fiber which is also actively steered. Both the beam steering and fiber steering mechanisms seek to align the beam from the laser to the fiber for maximum output. The beam steering mechanism features a pair of planar mirrors pivoted at right angles to each other. A precision force transducer will cause desired amounts of pivoting to adjust the beam. The fiber steering mechanism features a pair of flexures, arranged with bending moments of the flexures being at right angles. Electrical signals control the extent of bending in each flexure. The amount of light in the fiber is sensed downstream from both steering mechanisms and compared to an expected amount.

Abstract: A belt strap (1) for safety belts which is to have outer surfaces of as low friction as possible so that it can run through the safety belt system with as little friction as possible. The warp threads (3), which are woven into the belt strap, have filaments (5) of at least 15 dtex, particularly 17 dtex. The warp threads (3) are, in one embodiment, untwined and tangled at certain points with compressed air, whereby the tangled points (7) can be spaced from one another by 5 to 15 cm. In another embodiment the warp threads are twined only slightly, namely with 30 to 50 twists per meter thread length.