Abstract: For the dispatch-ready packing of, in particular, cigarette packs or cigarette bundle packs (12), a device is provided, in which the box packer (14) and the palleting station (29) are combined, in order to introduce the bundle packs (12) into boxes (10) and to deposit the latter on pallets (11). The structurally combined units form an overall device which can be operated jointly.

Abstract: For the dispatch-ready packing of, in particular, cigarette packs or cigarette bundle packs (12), a device is provided, in which the box packer (14) and the palleting station (29) are combined, in order to introduce the bundle packs (12) into boxes (10) and to deposit the latter on pallets (11). The structurally combined units form an overall device which can be operated jointly.

Abstract: A method and device to form packing units (12) consisting of at least two packs (10, 11). To this end, the successively conveyed packs (10, 11) are tilted by 90° in the region of a turning line (20) in such a way that the associated packs (10, 11) are oriented towards each other in the correct relative position for the packing unit (12). Every second pack (11) is delayed during the turning process so that it can be oriented towards the associated pack (10).

Abstract: An electromechanical energy converter for a gaseous or vaporous medium comprising a stator (1) with two pot-shaped stator members (1a, 1b), each open at one end face and adjoining each other at these end faces, the stator members surrounding a working space (12) and forming a common magnetically permeated air gap (7) in which a coreless armature coil (25) is displaceably arranged. Arranged in the working space (12) is a freely oscillating piston (14) linked to the armature coil (25). Furthermore, at least one source (21a, 21b) for the medium, two reaction chambers (66a, 66b) each assigned to a head (15a, 15b) of the piston (14) and control means (17a, 19a, 22a, 23a; 17b, 19b, 22b, 23b) assigned to the reaction chambers (66a, 66b) for self-control of the piston oscillations are provided, by means of which the reaction chambers (66a, 66b) may be opened to the source (21a, 21b) during the piston oscillations for accepting medium under pressure, and to the working chamber (12) for releasing expanded medium (FIG.

Abstract: A method of controlling the energization of a heating device for the regeneration of a particle filter disposed in the exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine, particularly a Diesel engine, wherein a measure for the soot charge state of the particle filter the exhaust gas back pressure is determined while the engine is preferably idling, the exhaust gas recirculation is switched off, and predetermined conditions are present in the exhaust gas duct upstream of the particle filter, and then an exhaust gas back pressure signal is compared with a threshold value indicating a soot charge sufficient for the initiation of a regeneration of the particle filter and the heating device is enabled for the initiation of the regeneration procedure if the exhaust gas back pressure signal is greater than the threshold value.

Abstract: Process for preparing aldehydes and alcohols by rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins having 6–20 carbon atoms with subsequent separation by distillation of the output from the hydroformylation reaction into the hydroformylation products and a rhodium-containing solution and recirculation of this solution to the hydroformylation reaction, wherein the rhodium concentration of the recirculated rhodium-containing solution is 20–150 ppm by mass.

Abstract: In a particle filter for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, particularly Diesel engines, including a filter body with filter pockets which are formed from sinter metal sheets and are wedge-shaped with an opening at the blunt end and edges formed by converging pocket side walls and arranged adjacent one another such that, between adjacent filter pockets, corresponding opposite spaces are formed with openings facing in a direction opposite to the openings at the blunt end, the filter pockets side walls are spaced from one another by widening means extending along at least an edge of the filter pockets so as to increase the width of the space between the side walls of the filter pockets.

Abstract: In a particle filter with carbon (soot) deposit combustion for Diesel engines comprising a filter with filter areas of sinter metal through which exhaust gases from the Diesel engine are conducted to remove the soot therefrom, the soot collected at the raw gas side of the filter surfaces is burned off by radiation heaters which are arranged so as to radiate between wedge-like filter pockets of the particle filter such that selected areas of the filter are heated to initiate combustion of the soot on the filter surfaces.

Abstract: In a device for supplying ammonia (NH3) to a reduction catalytic converter arranged in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine comprising a container for storing a precursor body capable of generating ammonia when heated by a heating device disposed in the container for the thermolytic decomposition of the precursor material, the heating device includes a heating surface arranged adjacent the precursor body and means are provided for biasing the precursor material body in firm contact with the heating device surface for direct heat transfer to the precursor body, and the heating device is connected to a control unit for controlling the energization of the heating device depending on the NH3 requirements of the reduction catalytic convertor.

Abstract: A method for joining sinter metal elements comprising a carrier sheet having openings filled with a sinter metal for the construction of a sinter metal filter element or sinter metal filter body is disclosed. At least two sinter metal elements having pores for the passage of a fluid to be filtered are disposed adjacent one another and joined along an end section thereof by first introducing fine particles into the pores of the sinter metal elements in an area adjacent to the end sections of the sinter metal elements to be joined, so as to close the pores in that area, and the end sections of the sinter metal filter elements are then joined by heating with a joining material which, upon heating melts and enters the pores of the end section of the sinter metal elements but not the blocked pores in the adjacent area. A filter body produced therefrom is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of controlling the energization of a heating device for the regeneration of a particle filter disposed in the exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine, particularly a Diesel engine, wherein a measure for the soot charge state of the particle filter the exhaust gas back pressure is determined while the engine is preferably idling, the exhaust gas recirculation is switched off, and predetermined conditions are present in the exhaust gas duct upstream of the particle filter, and then an exhaust gas back pressure signal is compared with a threshold value indicating a soot charge sufficient for the initiation of a regeneration of the particle filter and the heating device is enabled for the initiation of the regeneration procedure if the exhaust gas back pressure signal is greater than the threshold value.

Abstract: Process for preparing aldehydes and alcohols by rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins having 6-20 carbon atoms with subsequent separation by distillation of the output from the hydroformylation reaction into the hydroformylation products and a rhodium-containing solution and recirculation of this solution to the hydroformylation reaction, wherein the rhodium concentration of the recirculated rhodium-containing solution is 20-150 ppm by mass.

Abstract: In a particle filter with carbon (soot) deposit combustion for Diesel engines comprising a filter with filter areas of sinter metal through which exhaust gases from the Diesel engine are conducted to remove the soot therefrom, the soot collected at the raw gas side of the filter surfaces is burned off by radiation heaters which are arranged so as to radiate between wedge-like filter pockets of the particle filter such that selected areas of the filter are heated to initiate combustion of the soot on the filter surfaces.

Abstract: In a particle filter for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, particularly Diesel engines, including a filter body with filter pockets which are formed from sinter metal sheets and are wedge-shaped with an opening at the blunt end and edges formed by converging pocket side walls and arranged adjacent one another such that, between adjacent filter pockets, corresponding opposite spaces are formed with openings facing in a direction opposite to the openings at the blunt end, the filter pockets side walls are spaced from one another by widening means extending along at least an edge of the filter pockets so as to increase the width of the space between the side walls of the filter pockets.

Abstract: A chain connecting link has a C-shape main part having a pair of ends with confronting and spaced end surfaces and a filler part engaged between the ends and having a pair of oppositely directed end surfaces confronting the end surfaces of the main-part ends. Respective bodies of weld metal are engaged between the main-part end surfaces and the filler-part end surfaces so that the filler part solidly interconnects the ends of the main part. The parts are both made of tempered and annealed steel. Each of the end surfaces can be formed by a pair of substantially planar faces meeting at a straight edge. The straight edges extend generally in a plane including a longitudinal center axis of the link and the faces form four laterally open V-shaped notches each holding a respective such body of weld metal. The faces of each surface lie at an obtuse angle to each other. Normally the edges are rounded.

Abstract: A method for obtaining leg meat from poultry drumsticks and an apparatus for performing the method are described. Deriving from an apparatus by which, following the performance of an encircling cut in the region of the distal condyle (41) and the consequent severing of the tendons, skins and ligaments of the drumstick bone (44) under retention of the leg meat is pulled by means of a strip-off diaphraghm, an apparatus is described by which a pair of gripping elements (17 and 18) are provided, which can be brought into a position for gripping around the drumstick bone (44) and each of which is respectively provided with a recess (20) in this embracing region, which can be aligned laterally displaced with regard to the position of the drumstick bone (44), and by which apparatus a severing device (16) is integrated with the gripping elements (17 and 18), the cutting mechanism of which is effective immediately next to the recess (20).

Abstract: A method for deboning the extremities of poultry and an apparatus for performing this method serve to process extremities consisting of upper and lower arm or leg members, which members are joined by means of a central joint. The process includes the subsequent steps of severing the skin in the area of the outer condyle down to the bone, freeing the flanks in the area of the central joint, punching out the central joint and extracting the thus produced bone stumps whilst retaining the meat portion, whilst the apparatus comprises a conveyor including holding devices for receiving and holding the extremities to be treated, as well as means for performing these procedural steps.

Abstract: For the checking of cigarettes for their correct formation in terms of a sufficient tobacco content, electrooptical test processes have been employed for a relatively long time. The use of these processes has hitherto made it necessary to employ high-performance sensitive sensors in order to obtain definite test results. The new process and the corresponding apparatus are intended to make it possible to check cigarettes by the reflection process, especially in a cigarette conveyor (cigarette turret), in which accurate results can be obtained in short test times by means of a simple test device. By means of a special arrangement of the electrooptical sensors for the checking of the cigarettes in test units moved relative to the cigarettes to be checked, it is possible for the cigarettes to be checked for a correct tobacco content, by contactless sensing, either during stationary phases or during rotational movement of the cigarette conveyor (cigarette turret).

Abstract: For the testing of cigarettes (11, 11a, 11b) within a cigarette magazine (10), there is a test unit (21) which is arranged at a distance above magazine shafts (17) or a cigarette store (14) for these. In the test unit (21), the cigarettes run in vertical cigarette rows (24) through a number of test shafts (22) arranged next to one another. Within these, individual cigarettes (11a) are fixed by clamping in the region of a clamping plane (37) temporarily, in particular at least for the duration of a test cycle. The cigarettes are tested in the region of a test plane (28) at a distance above the clamping plane (37). The cigarette row (24) is temporarily supported at the bottom, on the outlet side of the test unit (21) by carrying webs (39) or carring fingers (46). During the clamping of cigarettes (11a) in the region of the clamping plane (37), the test shafts (22) are opened at the bottom, so that the tested cigarettes can be fed to the cigarette store (14) as a result of their own weight.

Abstract: A deburring device has a fixed or pivotable head on a rod or shaft which projects into the tube, pipe or other hollow to be deburred. The head has an oblique bore in which sits a tube; a cutting edge is provided along and around one end of that tube. Turning of the edge permits easy use of a new cutting edge portion. The position of the cutting tube is adjusted by a hollow nut through which runs also the removed burr. Guide rolls on the shaft position the tool, whereby rolls on the opposite side of the cutter are resiliently journalled.