Abstract: Reacted gas reservoirs and reactant gas manifolds are added to the primary reactors of cyclic char fuel oxidation reactor plants in order to create a flow of gas across the direction of motion of the solid char fuel. A larger and more stable rapid char fuel primary zone can be created by use of cross flow, and separation and improved utilization of char fuel volatile matter can be achieved.

Abstract: Reacted gas reservoirs and reactant gas manifolds are added to primary reactors of cyclic char burning engines and gasifiers in order to create a flow of gas across the direction of motion of the solid char fuel. A larger and more stable rapid char fuel primary reaction zone can be created with this cross flow, and improved utilization of char fuel volatile matter can be achieved.

Abstract: An improved means for starting char burning engines is described wherein, during engine cranking for starting, compressed air is heated by burning with a liquid fuel and is then compressed into the pore spaces of the char fuel in order to increase the char fuel temperature to where it reacts rapidly with air.

Abstract: An improved method of starting cyclic char fuel reaction plants is described wherein during compressor cranking for starting compressed air is heated by burning with a liquid fuel and then enters the pore spaces of the char fuel within the char fuel containers in order to increase the temperature of the char fuel to where it reacts rapidly with air.

Abstract: An air preheater is described which surrounds the char fuel reaction chamber of a char burning engine as an insulating layer, and through which the primary air passes to be preheated therein. By thusly preheating the primary air and insulating the char fuel reaction chamber a larger portion of the char fuel is maintained at or above its rapid reaction temperature. More complete char fuel burnup and more efficient combustion is obtained in this way.

Abstract: An improved means for starting char burning engines is described wherein, during engine cranking for starting; compressed air is heated burning with a liquid fuel and is then compressed into the pore spaces of the char fuel in order to increase the char fuel temeprature to where it reacts rapidly with air.

Abstract: Gas liquid mixtures readily absorb the wave energy of noise and thus reduce noise intensity. By circulating gas liquid mixtures through jackets surrounding noisy machines, such as internal combustion engines, undesirable noise can be reduced.

Abstract: The use of pressure regulating values and tanks on compressor outlets and expander inlets of cyclic solid with gas reaction plants is described, together with the use of separate changeable gas flow passages and connection places into the reaction chambers from separate compressor and expander.With thee pressure regulating values and tanks the net rate of work of a cyclic solid with gas reaction plant need not fluctuate and can be held steady.With these separate gas flow passages the flow of reactant gas into the solid reactant during compression will be different in place from the flow of reacted gas out of the solid reactant during expansion. These differences of gas flow place can be useful for securing complete reaction of the solid reactant and for preventing carryover of soaid materials into the expander.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas with a solid reaction plant using cyclicompression and expansion of the reactant gas. Gas reactants are stored in reactant gas reservoirs during compression. During expansion the stored gas emerges to react with primary reacted gas in a secondary reaction.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer for creating continuously variable stratified fuel vapor air mixtures at intake is described for use with internal combustion engines. Liquid fuel spread of the inner surface of a rotating heated cylinder evaporates into the intake air moving in pulses at approximately right angles to the liquid motion. The resulting fuel vapor air mixture is continuously variable stratified and the consequent delay gradients permit the use of compression ignition for the engine without excessive noise.

Abstract: Reactant gas reservoir systems are described for use in combination with solid with gas reaction plants using cyclic compression and expansion of the reactant gas. During compression reactant gases are stored in the reservoir systems. During expansion these stored reactant gases emerge from the reservoir systems to react with gaseous products formed from the solid reactant during compression.

Abstract: A dual or multiple combustion chamber is described for use with cyclic velox boiler plants wherein one or more inner reactors are fastened inside one or more of the combustion containers of the cyclic velox boiler. These inner reactors are filled with and contain the char fuel but the inner reactor walls are porous and ported so that air can readily flow into the inner reactor during compression and reacted gases can readily flow out of the inner reactor during expansion. Refueling and ash removal occur into and out of these inner reactor chambers.

Abstract: Reactant gas reservoir systems are described in combination with solid with gas reaction plants using cyclic compression and expansion of the reactant gas. During compression reactant gases are stored in the reservoir system. During expansion these stored reactant gases emerge from the reservoir systems to react with gaseous products formed from the solid reactant during compression.

Abstract: A reactor plant is described comprising separate compressor and expander, and several reaction chambers. Solid reactant within each said reaction chamber is alternately compressed with reactant gas from the compressor and subsequently the consequently reacted gases are expanded through the expander. Rapid gas with solid reaction occurs since the reactant and reacted gases are alternately flowing into and out of the pore spaces of the solid reactant where a large area for reaction exists. Reacted gases are recycled back through repeated cycles of compression and expansion until adequately reacted after which they are replaced with fresh reactant gases.

Abstract: A pulverized fuel injector is described capable of injecting and dispersing pulverized char fuels into an engine combustion chamber.

Abstract: Mechanisms for refueling a cyclically pressurized char fuel combustion chamber are described which can function at any time during the cycle of pressurization and expansion. Similar mechanisms for removal of ashes from these cyclically pressurized combustion chambers are also described.

Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid fuel into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel engine combustion systems are described.

Abstract: A cyclic solid to gas reactor is described capable of reacting several different gas reactants in sequence with one or more solid reactants. The solid reactant in a reaction chamber is subjected to repeated cycles of compression and expansion with the reactant gas by a compressor means enclosing the reaction chamber. Useful mechanical work can be generated from the heat of reaction.

Abstract: Governor devices are described for use on single or multi-engine plants, some of whose engines or whose load experiences periodic torque variations, which act upon the torque regulator of at least one of the engines to maintain engine torque equal to load torque and to maintain shaft speed essentially constant.

Abstract: A cyclic char gasifier process and apparatus are described wherein reactant gases are first compressed into the pores of a char fuel to react and then the reacted gases are expanded out of the char fuel pores. This cycle of compression and expansion is repeated with fresh reactant gases supplied for each compression and with reacted gases removed at each expansion. Air and steam are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be gasified by oxidation. Reacted gases from such an oxidation gasifier plant are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be partially gasified by devolatilization. Rapid reaction to a rich product gas can occur over the large surface area inside the char pores and the undesirable Neumann reversion reaction is suppressed by the strongly reducing conditions prevailing therein. The gases of devolatilization gasification can be used to enrichen the gases of oxidation gasification by using two cyclic char gasifier plants in a combination system.