Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid fuel into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel burner combustion systems are described.

Abstract: A cyclic char gasifier process and apparatus are described wherein reactant gases are first compressed into the pores of a char fuel to react and then the reacted gases are expanded out of the char fuel pores. This cycle of compression and expansion is repeated with fresh reactant gases supplied for each compression and with reacted gases removed at each expansion. Air and steam are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be gasified by oxidation. Reacted gases from such an oxidation gasifier plant are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be partially gasified by devolatilization. Rapid reaction to a rich product gas can occur over the large surface area inside the char pores and the undesireable Neumann reversion reaction is suppressed by the strongly reducing conditions prevailing therein. The gases of devolatilization gasification can be used to enrichen the gases of oxidation gasification by using two cyclic char gasifier plants in a combination system.

Abstract: A cyclic char gasifier plant is described which, from a single gas expander, can produce two or more separated and differing product reacted gases by use of an exhaust divider valve at the expander discharge.

Abstract: A cyclic gas separator machine is described which can continuously separate a mixed gas into two or more differing and undiluted product gases differing as to the kinds of molecules present. Separation is accomplished by the action of a surface force material in retarding the flow of capturable molecules across its surface relative to uncapturable molecules. The needed cross flow is achieved by alternately compressing and expanding each container pressure vessel.

Abstract: A cyclic char gasifier process and apparatus are described wherein reactant gases are first compressed into the pores of a char fuel to react and then the reacted gases are expanded out of the char fuel pores. This cycle of compression and expansion is repeated with fresh reactant gases supplied for each compression and with reacted gases removed at each expansion. Air and steam are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be gasified by oxidation. Reacted gases from such an oxidation gasifier plant are preferred reactant gases when the char fuel is to be partially gasified by devolatilization. Rapid reaction to a rich product gas can occur over the large surface area inside the char pores and the undesireable Neumann reversion reaction is suppressed by the strongly reducing conditions prevailing therein. The gases of devolatilization gasification can be used to enrichen the gases of oxidation gasification by using two cyclic char gasifier plants in a combination system.

Abstract: A liquid atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel combustion systems are described.

Abstract: A cyclic velox boiler is described wherein solid carbonaceous fuels are burned in pressure vessel containers by cyclic compression and expansion with air or with air and steam as usual gas reactants. During compression air is forced deeply into the pores of the solid fuel and rapid primary burning to carbon monoxide results due to the large internal pore area available. During expansion the primary reacted gases emerge from the pores to mix and react fully with secondary air retained outside the pores in the container. Rapid and complete burning of the char fuel can be obtained in this two step, cyclic burning process and net useful mechanical work can be obtained from an expander engine. The containers and portions of the expander are cooled with water and the resulting steam can be used to generate additional work output via a steam power cycle.

Abstract: A multipressure compressor machine is described capable of delivering gas or vapor at several different discharge pressures from a single compressor which may be using suction gas or vapor also at several different pressures.

Abstract: A cyclic velox boiler is described wherein solid carbonaceous fuels are burned in pressure vessel containers by cyclic compression and expansion with air or with air and steam as usual gas reactants. During compression air is forced deeply into the pores of the solid fuel and rapid primary burning to carbon monoxide results due to the large internal pore area available. During expansion the primary reacted gases emerge from the pores to mix and react fully with secondary air retained outside the pores in the container. Rapid and complete burning of the char fuel can be obtained in this two step, cyclic burning process and net useful mechanical work can be obtained from an expander engine. The containers and portions of the expander are cooled with water and the resulting steam can be used to generate additional work output via a steam power cycle.

Abstract: Governor devices are described for use on multi-engine plants, some of whose engines experience periodic torque variations, which act upon the torque regulator of at least one of the engines to maintain a steady torque and speed of the common final power output shaft of the plant.

Abstract: Means for creating continuously variable stratified air fuel mixtures at the intake of an internal combustion engine are described wherein the air fuel ratio and/or the kinds of fuel molecules vary through the mixture. Compression ignition delay gradients can be created by use of these continuously variable stratified mixtures and in consequence a gradual occurrence of compression ignition can be achieved with great reduction of engine noise and improvements in engine utilization efficiency.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is described capable of burning porous solid char fuels alone or with oil fuels. Air is forced into the char pore spaces during the compression process of the engine cycle in order to achieve the rapid burning needed for reasonable engine speeds. Fresh char fuel is periodically furnished into a combustion chamber and ashes are removed therefrom. Engine torque is controlled by control of intake air density.

Abstract: In the engines of this invention the fuel is spread out over the interior pore area of a porous burner volume and the large area of contact with air needed for rapid burning is obtained in this way. The fuel may burn in three ways: partial burning of evaporated fuel in the pore spaces; partial burning of solid carbon fuel deposits in the pore spaces; complete burning of the partial oxidation products outside the pore spaces during expansion. Several engine cycles can be used to burn up any solid carbon deposits formed from the fuel so these engines can efficiently utilize high viscosity residual fuels and slurries of solid char fuels in oil even at very small piston diameters.

Abstract: A free piston gasifier is described capable of burning porous solid char fuels alone or with oil fuels. Air is forced into the char pore spaces during the compression process of the cycle in order to achieve the rapid burning needed for reasonable gasifier speeds. Fresh char fuel is periodically furnished into a combustion chamber and ashes are removed therefrom. Gasifier output is controlled by control of intake air density.

Abstract: Engine steam stratifier devices are described capable of supplying and delivering steam largely to those regions of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine where this solid carbon is being burned and for the principal purpose of reducing the temperatures prevailing in these regions.

Abstract: A single multicomponent internal combustion engine fuel is fractionated by evaporation and mixed with air to form a wide variety of air fuel mixtures within the vaporizer portion. These several kinds of air fuel vapor mixtures differ among themselves as to the kinds of fuel molecules present and as to the ratio of air to fuel vapor. A stratifier valve serves to create a multiregional stratified air fuel mixture at engine intake by drawing differing regions from amongst these many kinds made available within the vaporizer.

Abstract: The devices of this invention, when used in combination with internal combustion engines of spark ignition type and/or compression ignition type, can create a multiregional stratification of the intake air-fuel mixture. By use of multiregional stratification at intake various beneficial objects can be achieved including the following: reduction of engine exhaust emissions of undesireable oxides of nitrogen, improvement of engine efficiency, reduction of engine noise, reduction of engine exhaust smoke, reduction of engine cost and others. The multiregional stratified air-fuel mixture is created by a stratifier valve which selects differing kinds of air-fuel mixtures in sequence from several different mixture creating channels. The resulting multiregional stratified mixture passes from the stratifier valve to the engine intake. Within the engine cylinder this subsequently compressed multiregional stratified mixture may be spark ignited, or compression ignited, or ignited by both spark and compression means.