Abstract: The present invention provides a method of covalently joining a DNA strand to an RNA strand comprising (a) forming a topoisomerase-DNA intermediate by incubating a DNA cleavage substrate comprising a topoisomerase cleavage site with a topoisomerase specific for that site, wherein the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate has one or more 5? single-strand tails; and (b) adding to the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate an acceptor RNA strand complementary to the 5? single-strand tail under conditions permitting a ligation of the covalently bound DNA strand of the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate to the RNA acceptor strand and dissociation of the topoisomerase, thereby covalently joining the DNA strand to the RNA strand. The present invention also provides a method of tagging a 5? end of an RNA molecule. The present invention further provides a DNA-RNA molecule which has been joined in vitro by the use of a topoisomerase. The present invention also provides a method of tagging a 5? end of an mRNA.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of covalently joining a DNA strand to an RNA strand comprising (a) forming a topoisomerase-DNA intermediate by incubating a DNA cleavage substrate comprising a topoisomerase cleavage site with a topoisomerase specific for that site, wherein the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate has one or more 5? single-strand tails; and (b) adding to the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate an acceptor RNA strand complementary to the 5? single-strand tail under conditions permitting a ligation of the covalently bound DNA strand of the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate to the RNA acceptor strand and dissociation of the topoisomerase, thereby covalently joining the DNA strand to the RNA strand. The present invention also provides a method of tagging a 5? end of an RNA molecule. The present invention further provides a DNA-RNA molecule which has been joined in vitro by the use of a topoisomerase. The present invention also provides a method of tagging a 5? end of an mRNA.

Abstract: A display apparatus that can be worn by a user, attached to a surface, and/or comprise a stand-alone display containing a light source that emits light and is positioned so as to illuminate a design on the surface of the display apparatus, and/or that incorporates a lighted surface or video-capable technology and that may be connected to a microprocessor and/or light, sound or motion sensor functionalities connected to a microprocessor that can interpret external stimulus and modify the display according to various criteria to attract viewers. The display apparatus also is connected to or in the case of a wearable display contains a power supply that provides power to the light source or lighted display technology and microprocessor and/or sensor functionalities. In some embodiments, the invention may also include a promotional display member that displays advertising or sponsoring information.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device comprising an integrated circuit die having a plurality of bond pads that are selectively connected to a plurality of inner leads of a leadframe. At least two bond pads are connected to at least one of the inner leads, and/or at least two inner leads are connected to at least one of bond pads with a single bond wire. A single bond wire is ball or wedge bonded to a first bond pad or inner lead and subsequently wedge bonded to one or more second bond pads or inner leads, then it is connected to a third or last bond pad or inner lead. The single bond wire requires only one connection area at each of the bond pad(s) and/or inner lead(s). The bond pad(s) of the die and/or inner lead(s) of the leadframe are thereby electrically connected together by the single bond wire.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device comprising an integrated circuit die having a plurality of bond pads that are selectively connected to a plurality of inner leads of a leadframe. At least two bond pads are connected to at least one of the inner leads, and/or at least two inner leads are connected to at least one of bond pads with a single bond wire. A single bond wire is ball or wedge bonded to a first bond pad or inner lead and subsequently wedge bonded to one or more second bond pads or inner leads, then it is connected to a third or last bond pad or inner lead. The single bond wire requires only one connection area at each of the bond pad(s) and/or inner lead(s). The bond pad(s) of the die and/or inner lead(s) of the leadframe are thereby electrically connected together by the single bond wire.

Abstract: A system for facilitating electronic transfer of funds includes a transfer administrator in communication with a transferor institution, one or more intermediary institution, and a transferee institution, the transferor institution having an account at the one or more intermediary institution. The transfer administrator may be configured to receive an incoming payment request designating said transferor institution, a quantity of funds to be transferred, and the transferee institution. The transfer administrator generates and issues a translated payment order based at least in part on the incoming payment request and configured to accomplish a transfer among the transferor institution, the one or more intermediary institution, and the transferee institution. Finally, the transfer administrator may facilitate processing of a balancing payment among the transferor institution, the one or more intermediary institution, and the transferee institution.

Abstract: Compounds are described and claimed comprising general formula: The compounds have substituents as described herein and are useful, e.g., for their ability to bind nucleic acids and thereby effect purifications, probing techniques and gene inhibition.

Abstract: A system for facilitating electronic transfer of funds includes a transfer administrator in communication with a transferor institution, one or more intermediary institution, and a transferee institution, the transferor institution having an account at the one or more intermediary institution. The transfer administrator may be configured to receive an incoming payment request designating said transferor institution, a quantity of funds to be transferred, and the transferee institution. The transfer administrator generates and issues a translated payment order based at least in part on the incoming payment request and configured to accomplish a transfer among the transferor institution, the one or more intermediary institution, and the transferee institution. Finally, the transfer administrator may facilitate processing of a balancing payment among the transferor institution, the one or more intermediary institution, and the transferee institution.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to oligonucleotide analogues that include novel protein nucleic acid molecules (PNAs), particularly monomers, dimers, oligomers thereof and methods of making and using these oligonucleotide analogues. The PNAs of the present invention are characterized as including a variety of classes of molecules, such as, for example, hydroxyproline peptide nucleic acids (HypNA), and serine peptide nucleic acids (SerNA). The invention includes monomers, homodimers, heterodimers, homopolymers and heteropolymers of these and other oligonucleotide analogues. The present invention includes methods of using these oligonucleotide analogues in the detection and separating of nucleic acid molecules, including uses that include the utilization of oligonucleotide analogues on a solid support. The present invention also includes methods for purifying or separating nucleic acids, such as mRNA molecules, by hybridization with the oligonucleotides of the present invention.

Abstract: Peptides that are useful as transfection agents are described. The peptides can facilitate the efficient cellular internalization of a broad range and size of compounds that when non-covalently complexed therewith are efficiently internalized into a cell. Advantages include but are not limited to excellent transfection efficiency, relatively low toxicity, internalization by a broad host cell spectrum, and the simplicity and cost-effectiveness that arise from not having to covalently complex the peptide with a specific molecule to be delivered. Applications include but are not limited to the delivery of diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as drug discovery, gene discovery, and the analysis and/or manipulation of other cellular and molecular biological functions. Claims are made for transfection agents, compositions of matter, including pharmaceutical compositions, reagent kits, methods of delivery, and methods of identification of additional peptides for performing and/or including in the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of covalently joining a DNA strand to an RNA strand comprising (a) forming a topoisomerase-DNA intermediate by incubating a DNA cleavage substrate comprising a topoisomerase cleavage site with a topoisomerase specific for that site, wherein the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate has one or more 5′ single-strand tails; and (b) adding to the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate an acceptor RNA strand complementary to the 5′ single-strand tail under conditions permitting a ligation of the covalently bound DNA strand of the topoisomerase-DNA intermediate to the RNA acceptor strand and dissociation of the topoisomerase, thereby covalently joining the DNA strand to the RNA strand. The present invention also provides a method of tagging a 5′ end of an RNA molecule. The present invention further provides a DNA-RNA molecule which has been joined in vitro by the use of a topoisomerase. The present invention also provides a method of tagging a 5′ end of an mRNA.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to oligonucleotide analogues that include novel protein nucleic acid molecules (PNAs), particularly monomers, dimers, oligomers thereof and methods of making and using these oligonucleotide analogues. The PNAs of the present invention are characterized as including a variety of classes of molecules, such as, for example, hydroxyproline peptide nucleic acids (HypNA), and serine peptide nucleic acids (SerNA). The present invention also includes the use of oligonucleotides of the present invention in antisense and homologous recombination constructs and methods.

Abstract: A system for facilitating electronic transfer of funds includes a transfer administrator in communication with a transferor institution, one or more intermediary institution, and a transferee institution, the transferor institution having an account at the one or more intermediary institution. The transfer administrator may be configured to receive an incoming payment request designating said transferor institution, a quantity of funds to be transferred, and the transferee institution. The transfer administrator generates and issues a translated payment order based at least in part on the incoming payment request and configured to accomplish a transfer among the transferor institution, the one or more intermediary institution, and the transferee institution. Finally, the transfer administrator may facilitate processing of a balancing payment among the transferor institution, the one or more intermediary institution, and the transferee institution.

Abstract: Peptides that are useful as transfection agents are described. The peptides can facilitate the efficient cellular internalization of a broad range and size of compounds that when non-covalently complexed therewith are efficiently internalized into a cell. Advantages include but are not limited to excellent transfection efficiency, relatively low toxicity, internalization by a broad host cell spectrum, and the simplicity and cost-effectiveness that arise from not having to covalently complex the peptide with a specific molecule to be delivered. Applications include but are not limited to the delivery of diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as drug discovery, gene discovery, and the analysis and/or manipulation of other cellular and molecular biological functions. claims are made for transfection agents, compositions of matter, including pharmaceutical compositions, reagent kits, methods of delivery, and methods of identification of additional peptides for performing and/or including in the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to oligonucleotide analogues that include novel protein nucleic acid molecules (PNAs), particularly monomers, dimers, oligomers thereof and methods of making and using these oligonucleotide analogues. The PNAs of the present invention are characterized as including a variety of classes of molecules, such as, for example, hydroxyproline peptide nucleic acids (HypNA), and serine peptide nucleic acids (SerNA). The invention includes monomers, homodimers, heterodimers, homopolymers and heteropolymers of these and other oligonucleotide analogues. The present invention includes methods of using these oligonucleotide analogues in the detection and separating of nucleic acid molecules, including uses that include the utilization of oligonucleotide analogues on a solid support. The present invention also includes methods for purifying or separating nucleic acids, such as mRNA molecules, by hybridization with the oligonucleotides of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to oligonucleotide analogues that include novel protein nucleic acid molecules (PNAs), particularly monomers, dimers, oligomers thereof and methods of making and using these oligonucleotide analogues. The PNAs of the present invention are characterized as including a variety of classes of molecules, such as, for example, hydroxyproline peptide nucleic acids (HypNA), and serine peptide nucleic acids (SerNA). The invention includes monomers, homodimers, heterodimers, homopolymers and heteropolymers of these and other oligonucleotide analogues. The present invention includes methods of using these oligonucleotide analogues in the detection and separating of nucleic acid molecules, including uses that include the utilization of oligonucleotide analogues on a solid support. The present invention also includes methods for purifying or separating nucleic acids, such as mRNA molecules, by hybridization with the oligonucleotides of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for attaching an integrated circuit die to a mounting structure, the method having the steps of: forming a mounting structure having a die pad and at least one spreader; applying an adhesive to the die pad and the at least one spreader of the mounting structure; and attaching the integrated circuit die to the adhesive, wherein the at least one spreader is between the die pad and the integrated circuit die. Also, an integrated circuit package having: a mounting structure having a die pad and at least one spreader; an adhesive adhered to the die pad and the at least one spreader of the mounting structure; and an integrated circuit die adhered to the adhesive, wherein the at least one spreader is between the die pad and the integrated circuit die. Finally, a mounting structure for an integrated circuit die, the mounting structure comprising: a die pad for supporting the integrated circuit die; and at least one spreader for supporting the integrated circuit die at a distance from the die pad.

Abstract: The method which applies to plastic encapsulated integrated circuit packages comprises the steps of increasing the thickness of the epoxy adhesive that is used to couple an integrated circuit die to a mounting structure and reducing the thickness of the integrated circuit die. Each step may be taken independently or concurrently.

Abstract: A combination inductive coil and integrated circuit semiconductor chip is provided in a single lead frame package. The lead frame is preferably made of a copper alloy and has a flat configuration. The chip is electrically connected to end portions of the inductive coil thus permitting the inductive coil to function as an antenna for the chip.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling the location where the formation of a contamination layer occurs in a plasma processing system is disclosed. The control is accomplished by reducing the released ion's kinetic energy to approximately at most the surface potential of the selected surface to which it is to combine within the desired location.