Abstract: An apparatus and process for measuring the concentration of hydrogen gas being transferred through a nozzle from a source container to a destination container and for providing an alert and/or taking action where hydrogen gas leaks may create an unsafe condition. The invention can accurately and reproducibly respond to and measure the absolute hydrogen gas concentration within the nozzle housing using hydrogen gas sensors that are selective only to hydrogen, which do not require the presence of oxygen to operate and which do not saturate when hydrogen safety levels are reached. These sensors are positioned inside the nozzle housing to allow for the direct and immediate knowledge of the presence of hydrogen gas that cannot be safely determined by other means. An apparatus and process for detecting leaks of liquid hydrogen through a nozzle during transfer of liquid hydrogen from a source container to a destination container are also discussed.

Abstract: Mobile hydrogen generation and supply system comprising hydrogen precursor storage means for storing one or more hydrogen precursors; one or more hydrogen precursor conversion means selected from the group consisting of means for converting a hydrogen precursor into gaseous hydrogen and means for converting a hydrogen precursor into a hydrogen-containing intermediate; one or more delivery means selected from the group consisting of delivery means for offloading gaseous hydrogen and delivery means for offloading a hydrogen-containing intermediate; and mobile support means for mounting the hydrogen precursor storage means, hydrogen precursor conversion means, and one or more delivery means. The system may further comprise one or more means selected from the group consisting of means for converting gaseous hydrogen into stored hydrogen; means for containing stored hydrogen; means for converting stored hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen; and storage means for storing a hydrogen-containing intermediate.

Abstract: A mobile self-contained self-powered station having a plurality of vessels delivers a pressurized fluid to a receiving tank (e.g., a fuel tank of a hydrogen-powered vehicle) without using mechanical compression, external electric power, or other external utilities. The station includes first and second vessels, a conduit in fluid communication with the receiving tank and each of the first and second vessels, means for transferring at least a portion of a quantity of the pressurized fluid from the first vessel to the receiving tank, means for measuring continuously a pressure differential between the increasing pressure in the receiving tank and the decreasing pressure in the first vessel, means for discontinuing the transfer from the first vessel when a predetermined limit value is reached, and means for transferring at least a portion of a quantity of the pressurized fluid from the second vessel to the receiving tank.

Abstract: A mobile self-contained self-powered station having a plurality of vessels delivers a pressurized fluid to a receiving tank (e.g., a fuel tank of a hydrogen-powered vehicle) without using mechanical compression, external electric power, or other external utilities. The station includes first and second vessels, a conduit in fluid communication with the receiving tank and each of the first and second vessels, means for transferring at least a portion of a quantity of the pressurized fluid from the first vessel to the receiving tank, means for measuring continuously a pressure differential between the increasing pressure in the receiving tank and the decreasing pressure in the first vessel, means for discontinuing the transfer from the first vessel when a predetermined limit value is reached, and means for transferring at least a portion of a quantity of the pressurized fluid from the second vessel to the receiving tank.

Abstract: Mobile hydrogen generation and supply system comprising hydrogen precursor storage means for storing one or more hydrogen precursors; one or more hydrogen precursor conversion means selected from the group consisting of means for converting a hydrogen precursor into gaseous hydrogen and means for converting a hydrogen precursor into a hydrogen-containing intermediate; one or more delivery means selected from the group consisting of delivery means for offloading gaseous hydrogen and delivery means for offloading a hydrogen-containing intermediate; and mobile support means for mounting the hydrogen precursor storage means, hydrogen precursor conversion means, and one or more delivery means. The system may further comprise one or more means selected from the group consisting of means for converting gaseous hydrogen into stored hydrogen; means for containing stored hydrogen; means for converting stored hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen; and storage means for storing a hydrogen-containing intermediate.

Abstract: A process for measuring a total mass of a pressurized fluid flowing through a conduit is provided which includes measuring a first volume, temperature and pressure of the fluid during a first timed interval of a sequence of timed intervals, calculating a first mass during the first timed interval by applying the first temperature and pressure to an equation of state to determine a first density and multiplying the first density by the first volume to determine the first mass, measuring a second volume, temperature and pressure of the fluid during a second timed interval, calculating a second mass during the second timed interval by applying the second temperature and pressure to the equation of state to determine a second density and multiplying the second density by the second volume to determine the second mass, and calculating the total mass of the fluid by summing the first and second masses.

Abstract: A system for dispensing pressurized gas is provided which includes a pressurized gas source, a receiving tank, a gas flow line connected between the gas source and the receiving tank, a valve for initiating and terminating flow of gas between the gas source and the receiving tank, an electronic controller, and temperature and pressure sensors for sensing temperature and pressure of gas inside the receiving tank. The electronic controller stores a tank rated density and the temperature and pressure of gas and periodically calculates a density of the gas in the receiving tank based on the temperature and pressure. The electronic controller periodically compares the density of the gas with the tank rated density and initiates flow of gas through the valve when the density in the receiving tank is below the rated density and terminates flow of gas through the valve when the density reaches the tank rated density.

Abstract: A system for dispensing pressurized gas is provided which includes a pressurized gas source, a receiving tank, a gas flow line connected between the gas source and the receiving tank, a valve for initiating and terminating flow of gas between the gas source and the receiving tank, an electronic controller, and temperature and pressure sensors for sensing temperature and pressure of gas inside the receiving tank. The electronic controller stores a tank rated density and the temperature and pressure of gas and periodically calculates a density of the gas in the receiving tank based on the temperature and pressure. The electronic controller periodically compares the density of the gas with the tank rated density and initiates flow of gas through the valve when the density in the receiving tank is below the rated density and terminates flow of gas through the valve when the density reaches the tank rated density.

Abstract: A safety system for grounding an operator at a fueling station prior to removing a fuel fill nozzle from a fuel tank upon completion of a fuel filling operation is provided which includes a fuel tank port in communication with the fuel tank for receiving and retaining the nozzle during the fuel filling operation and a grounding device adjacent to the fuel tank port which includes a grounding switch having a contact member that receives physical contact by the operator and where physical contact of the contact member activates the grounding switch. A releasable interlock is included that provides a lock position wherein the nozzle is locked into the port upon insertion of the nozzle into the port and a release position wherein the nozzle is releasable from the port upon completion of the fuel filling operation and after physical contact of the contact member is accomplished.

Abstract: An open loop, air refrigerant heat pump process is set forth for producing a refrigerated atmosphere inside an enclosed space, in particular the enclosed space of a food freezer. A key to the present invention is that it uses a portion of the cold expander discharge to cool the air feed to the expander, prior to using said portion as a regeneration gas for the front end, adsorbent-containing drier. This is key because it allows one to eliminate the prior art's need to recover refrigeration from the air exiting the enclosed space which, more importantly, allows one to eliminate the prior art need to remove any cryogenically generated ice that the air picks up inside the food freezer.