Abstract: Provided are methods to characterize the VP1, VP2 and VPS capsid proteins in an adeno-associated virus (AAV) particle using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and/or ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy. The methods generally include the steps of (a) subjecting an AAV particle to liquid chromatography to denature and then separate the VP1, VP2 and VPS capsid proteins, and (b) subjecting the separated VP1, VP2 and VPS capsid proteins produced in step (a) to UV and mass spectrometry to determine the ratio and masses of the VP1, VP2 and VPS capsid proteins in the AAV particle. In another aspect, the disclosure provides an AAV composition comprising a post-translation modification. The disclosure also provides methods for characterizing the purity of AAV compositions using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A power tool includes an electric motor; a housing; a first energy storage device including at least one first energy storage unit, where the first energy storage device is detachably mounted to the housing and further configured to be detachable from the housing to supply power to another power tool; a second energy storage device including at least one second energy storage unit; a charging circuit electrically connected to the second energy storage device and the first energy storage device; and a controller configured to control the charging circuit such that the first energy storage device charges the second energy storage device.

Abstract: Metal matrix composites that include a base metal material and a ceramic additive to form composites strengthened by the additives to improve performance in extreme environments are disclosed. Typically the additive is about 2% of the total volume, up to about 10% of the total volume. The particle sizes are typically less than about 100 micrometers, and average about 40 micrometers, while maintaining a spherical shape of the same. The resulting composites can be used to print components for use in extreme environments, such as using additive manufacturing techniques like laser powder bed fusion. Techniques for formulating these composites, and for printing the resulting components using the composites, are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein is a viscoelastic inorganic glass solid electrolyte material, comprising: LixAlEyGzJm, or NaxAlEyGzJm, wherein E denotes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of boron (B), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), lanthanum (La), or cerium (Ce), G is a chalcogen element, J is a halide element, and wherein 0<x<5, 0<y<5, 0<z<5, and m=x+ny?2z+3, wherein n=3 when E denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Ce and B; n=4 when E denotes Si; and n=5 when E denotes P. In some embodiments, E is one element selected from the group consisting of B, P, Si, La, or Ce.

Abstract: A battery pack and a state of charge (SOC) estimation method of the battery pack are provided. The method includes estimating an SOC of the battery pack based on a real-time current flowing through the battery pack, where the real-time current is estimated according to real-time parameters of the battery pack, at least part of the real-time parameters of the battery pack are capable of being acquired by querying a battery pack database with at least partially data preset. With the preceding technical solution, a battery pack can be provided which has a low cost and can accurately estimate the SOC of the battery pack without a current detection resistor.

Abstract: A riding lawn mower, including: a frame; a seat; a walking assembly and a walking motor; a cutting assembly and a driving motor configured to drive the cutting assembly; a first energy storage device and a second energy storage device configured to supply power to at least one of the walking motor or the driving motor; a driving circuit to transfer power from at least one of the energy storage devices to at least one of the motors; and a charging circuit to charge at least one of the energy storage devices. The riding lawn mower further includes a first identification terminal engageable with the second energy storage device and a second identification terminal engageable with the first energy storage device; the riding lawn mower identifies a type of the energy storage devices through the identification terminals and selectively connects them to the driving circuit and the charging circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cathode for a lithium-ion battery having a formula: Li2+u-vM2-u[XO4]xO4(1-x) where, 0?u?1, 0?v?2 and 0?x?1, wherein M is a transition metal element of manganese or a mixture of manganese and iron, and X is an element of phosphorus, silicon, sulfur, boron, or a mixture of these elements.

Abstract: Described herein is a chalcogen-halide solid electrolyte material represented by the following chemical formula: LiAxEyGz, or NaAxEyGz. In embodiments, A denotes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), Lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), samarium (Sm), and boron (B). In embodiments, E denotes one or more chalcogen elements. In embodiments, G denotes one or more halide elements. In embodiments, the following mathematical formula is satisfied: 0<x<10, 0<y<10, z=nx?2y+1, wherein n=3 when A denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Sm, and B, and n=2 when A denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. In embodiments, A is a single element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, or B.

Abstract: An outdoor moving device includes a main body, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and a connection assembly. The first energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one first energy storage unit. The second energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one second energy storage unit. The connection assembly is used for mounting the second energy storage device to the main body. The first energy storage device is detachably mounted to the main body, the first energy storage device is detachable from the main body to supply power to another power tool, the first energy storage unit includes a first positive electrode made of a first material, and the second energy storage unit includes a second positive electrode made of a second material.

Abstract: A buffered negative electrode-electrolyte assembly includes: a porous negative electrode comprising a metal, a transition metal nitride, or a combination thereof; a solid-state electrolyte; and a buffer layer between the porous negative electrode and the solid-state electrolyte. The buffer layer comprising a buffer composition according to Formula (1) MmNnZzHhXx. The buffer composition has an electronic conductivity that is less than or equal to 1×10?2 times an electronic conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte, and the buffer composition has an ionic conductivity less than or equal to 1×10?6 times an ionic conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte.

Abstract: A riding lawn mower, including: a frame; a seat; a walking assembly and a walking motor; a cutting assembly and a driving motor configured to drive the cutting assembly; a first energy storage device configured to supply power to at least one of the walking motor or the driving motor, the first energy storage device including at least one first energy storage unit, the first energy storage device detachably mounted to the frame and enabled to supply power to a handheld power tool when detached from the riding lawn mower; and a second energy storage device configured to supply power to at least one of the walking motor or the driving motor, the second energy storage device including at least one second energy storage unit; wherein an energy density of the second energy storage unit is different from an energy density of the first energy storage unit.

Abstract: A riding lawn mower, including: a frame; a seat; a walking assembly and a walking motor; a cutting assembly and a driving motor configured to drive the cutting assembly; a first energy storage device configured to supply power to at least one of the walking motor or the driving motor, the first energy storage device detachably mounted to the frame and enabled to supply power to a handheld power tool when detached from the riding lawn mower; and a second energy storage device configured to supply power to at least one of the walking motor or the driving motor; wherein a ratio of a total energy of the second energy storage device to a total energy of the first energy storage device is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 20.

Abstract: A mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIEC) material for a battery includes a combination of niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), titanium (Ti), and/or oxygen (O) forming a super-MIEC material with an increased alkali ion metal diffusivity. In one example, the MIEC material is a Nb—W—Ti-0 material with an anion-to-cation ratio ranging from about 2.33 to about 2.8 where the anion is O and the cation is Nb, W, and Ti. The MIEC material may be a coarse-grained material that includes particles consisting essentially of Nb, W, Ti, and/or O and having a dimension of at least 0.1 ?m. The MIEC material may have an open pore structure with pores having a pore diameter from about 2.5 ? to about 2.8 ?. The MIEC material may also include carbon (C) that coats each particle. The MIEC material may be incorporated into an anode or a cathode of a lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: An outdoor moving device includes a main body, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and a connection assembly. The first energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one first energy storage unit. The second energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one second energy storage unit. The connection assembly is used for mounting the second energy storage device to the main body. The first energy storage device is detachably mounted to the main body, the first energy storage device is detachable from the main body to supply power to another power tool, the first energy storage unit includes a first positive electrode made of a first material, and the second energy storage unit includes a second positive electrode made of a second material.

Abstract: Methods for training statistical models for the bandgap and energy dispersion of materials as a function of an applied strain, as well as uses of these trained statistical models for elastic strain engineering of materials, are described.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a battery housing; a battery module disposed in the battery housing, where the battery module includes multiple battery cells, and at least one of the battery cells is a solid-state battery; and a control circuit disposed in the battery housing and configured to use the battery module to supply the electric power to the power tool. The energy W of the battery pack and the volume V1 of the battery pack satisfy the following: when the energy W is greater than or equal to 200 Wh, the volume V1 is less than or equal to 400 cm3; or when the energy W is greater than or equal to 300 Wh, the volume V1 is less than or equal to 800 cm3; or when the energy W is greater than or equal to 700 Wh, the volume V1 is less than or equal to 2500 cm3.

Abstract: An outdoor moving device includes a main body, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and a connection assembly. The first energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one first energy storage unit. The second energy storage device is capable of supplying power to the outdoor moving device and includes at least one second energy storage unit. The connection assembly is used for mounting the second energy storage device to the main body. The first energy storage device is detachably mounted to the main body, the first energy storage device is detachable from the main body to supply power to another power tool, the first energy storage unit includes a first positive electrode made of a first material, and the second energy storage unit includes a second positive electrode made of a second material.

Abstract: Described herein is an inorganic glass composite solid electrolyte, comprising one or more solid electrolytes with the chemical formula: MxAlEyGzJm, wherein M denotes Li or Na, E denotes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of boron (B), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), lanthanum (La), or cerium (Ce), G denotes at least one chalcogen element, Jdenotes at least one halide element, and the following mathematical formula is satisfied: 0<x<5, 0?y<5, 0<z<5, m=x+ny?2z+3, wherein n=3 when E denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Ce and B; n=4 when E denotes Si; and n=5 when E denotes P. In embodiments, the inorganic glass composite solid electrolyte comprises one or more salts selected from one or more of MN(SO2F)2, MNO3, MPF6, MClO4, MBF4, MSO3CF3, MN(SO2CF3)2, MC(SO2CF3)3, MBC4O8, and MBC2O4F2, wherein M is Li or Na.

Abstract: A detector for gamma irradiation comprises an oxygen ion conducting polycrystalline solid, has positively charged grain boundaries or negatively charged grain boundaries and is coupled to electrodes that measure changes in the polycrystalline solid's ionic conductance. The polycrystalline solid may include lightly doped Gd-doped CeO2, a polycrystalline ion conducting ceramic. The steady state passivation of space charge barriers at grain boundaries that may act as virtual electrodes, capturing radiation-induced electrons, in turn lowering space charge barrier heights, and thereby exclusively modulating the ionic carrier flow within the ceramic electrolytes. Such behavior may allow for an electrical response under low fields, i.e., <2 V/cm. The polycrystalline solids disclosed herein may be used in inexpensive, sensitive, low-power and miniaturizable solid-state devices, uniquely suited for operating in harsh (high temperature, high humidity, pressure, and/or corrosive) environments.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hybrid electronic-ionic circuit comprising a first electrochemical ionic synapse (EIS), wherein in response to a non-zero electrical stimulus applied to the first EIS, the first EIS operates in a volatile operation mode to generate a delayed-onset self-resetting signal; and a second EIS, wherein in response to a non-zero electrical stimulus applied to the second EIS, the second EIS operates in a non-volatile operation mode and a conductance of the second EIS controls a strength of an output of the second EIS. In some embodiments, the non-zero electrical stimulus for the first EIS comprises one or more of a context signal or a variability signal. In some embodiments, the non-zero electrical stimulus for the second EIS comprises one or more of the delayed-onset self-resetting signal, a reward signal, or a context signal.