Abstract: An isolation layer structure includes first to fourth oxide layer patterns. The first and third oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a first trench defined by a first recessed top surface of a substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a first region. The first trench has a first width, and the first and third oxide layer patterns have no void therein. The second and fourth oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a second trench defined by a second recessed top surface of the substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a second region. The second trench has a second width larger than the first width, and the fourth oxide layer pattern has a void therein.

Abstract: Provided are a system and a method for reducing a communication load of an apparatus for tracking a moving object. The system includes: an estimated necessary time calculating unit receiving a current location and an arrival location of the moving object from a terminal included in the moving object, calculating estimated necessary time for the moving object to reach the arrival location, and transmitting the estimated necessary time to the terminal; and a communication path on-off controlling unit activating a communication path for the terminal to receive the estimated necessary time from the estimated necessary time calculating unit, and inactivating the communication path when the terminal receives the estimated necessary time through the communication path.

Abstract: In existing moving object tracking, there is a great communication load between a terminal and a platform, because the terminal should report its location to the platform every second or every minute and the platform should frequently process the location form the terminal. It is possible to reduce the great communication load on the server, by calculating an error between the current GPS location and the estimated location at a specific time on the basis of the estimated arrival time of the moving object. It allows that the terminal report its location to the server only when the error between current GPS location and the estimated location is greater than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for improving transmission control protocol (TCP) performance using path recovery notification over a wireless network. The apparatus includes: a path recovery manager which detects a mobile host recovered from a temporary disconnection state and then outputs a detection signal to notify the detection result; a path recovery notification manager which receives the detection signal and generates an ACK (acknowledgement) packet to inform a transmitting end that the mobile host is recovered; and a first packet transceiver which transmits/receives the generated ACK packet and a data packet. Accordingly, a temporary disconnection state of a wireless network is explicitly informed to a transmitting end so as to transmit only lost packets without performing unnecessary congestion control, thereby improving TCP performance.

Abstract: An isolation layer structure includes first to fourth oxide layer patterns. The first and third oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a first trench defined by a first recessed top surface of a substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a first region. The first trench has a first width, and the first and third oxide layer patterns have no void therein. The second and fourth oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a second trench defined by a second recessed top surface of the substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a second region. The second trench has a second width larger than the first width, and the fourth oxide layer pattern has a void therein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for analyzing information about floating population. The apparatus includes an information collection unit, a data integration unit, a data mining analysis unit, and an interface unit. The information collection unit collects information about locations provided by mobile communication terminals of moving objects, information about attributes of the moving objects, and information about locations and attributes related to stationary objects. The data integration unit creates integrated data by integrating the information collected by the information collection unit, national statistical information, and map data registered previously. The data mining analysis unit extracts data, consistent with conditions input by a system user, from the integrated data, and searches the map data for based moving patterns of the moving objects using data mining analysis. The interface unit provides a map service in which search results have been applied to the map data.

Abstract: An isolation layer structure includes first to fourth oxide layer patterns. The first and third oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a first trench defined by a first recessed top surface of a substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a first region. The first trench has a first width, and the first and third oxide layer patterns have no void therein. The second and fourth oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a second trench defined by a second recessed top surface of the substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a second region. The second trench has a second width larger than the first width, and the fourth oxide layer pattern has a void therein.

Abstract: A method includes: placing a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag for underground use under a ground surface, wherein a ground plate which has a diameter greater than that of the RFID tag or a tag antenna and on a top of which the RFID tag is mounted is placed underground such that the RFID tag protrudes above the ground surface or a bottom of the RFID tag is aligned with the ground surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for providing composite sensor information. The apparatus receives sensor information from a plurality of sensors and creating a virtual sensor as a proxy for a plurality of effective sensors included in a region requested to be searched from a user terminal. Thereafter, the apparatus creates composite sensor information by fusing a plurality of the sensor information corresponding to the plurality of effective sensors included in the virtual sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a server-sensor network cooperative spatial query processing method and a server using the method. The server-sensor network cooperative spatial query processing method includes the server detecting supplementary information for selecting sensor nodes to be excluded from among a plurality of sensor nodes by performing a preliminary spatial query, before starting a spatial query with the plurality of sensor nodes, and the server requesting the spatial query to the sensor nodes, selected based on the supplementary information, when starting the spatial query with the plurality of sensor nodes.

Abstract: A system for remotely controlling a vehicle in a service area divided into plural service sectors includes: an infra sensor module installed in each service sector for periodically sensing obstacles and vehicles within the service sector; a vehicle controller mounted in each vehicle for requesting the driving guidance service and automatically controlling the vehicle in accordance with a vehicle control signal; and a local server installed in each service sector for communicating with the vehicle controllers through a driving guidance network based on information on the obstacles and vehicles sensed by the infra sensor module. The system further includes a global server for allocating network resources of the driving guidance network to allow the local server to communicate with the vehicle controllers using the allocated network resources.

Abstract: A cell-based vehicle driving control system includes a local server for obtaining road environment information on roads within a cell and target vehicle information on a target vehicle within the cell and generating local waypoints based on the road environment information and the target vehicle information; a global server for monitoring the target vehicle information, the road environment information and local server information on the local server received from the local server; and a vehicle control terminal, mounted in the target vehicle, for receiving the local waypoints from the local server and controlling the target vehicle based on the local waypoints. The road environment information is obtained by using at least one sensor installed on the roads.

Abstract: A vehicle controller includes a communications unit for performing data communications with local servers; a local path generation unit for generating, in response to an automatic vehicle guidance service request, a local path based on a driving control command and sensing information received from the local servers via the communications unit; a path-following control unit for generating actuator control signals for controlling actuators of a vehicle to drive the vehicle along the local path; and a vehicle driving unit for driving the actuators according to the actuator control signals. Each local server pre-processes and merges sensor data received from the infra-sensor to generate the sensing information. A global server generates the driving control command based on the sensing information and transmits the driving control command to the local servers.

Abstract: An isolation layer structure includes first to fourth oxide layer patterns. The first and third oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a first trench defined by a first recessed top surface of a substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a first region. The first trench has a first width, and the first and third oxide layer patterns have no void therein. The second and fourth oxide layer patterns are sequentially formed in a second trench defined by a second recessed top surface of the substrate and sidewalls of gate structures on the substrate in a second region. The second trench has a second width larger than the first width, and the fourth oxide layer pattern has a void therein.

Abstract: A method for updating a map in a navigation terminal via fusion of broadcasting and telecommunications includes: receiving map contents of the map from a broadcast center via a broadcast network; classifying the map contents received via the broadcast network into updatable map contents and un-updatable map contents which have dependencies with map contents having not been received by the navigation terminal; and updating the map using the updatable map contents. The method further includes requesting the broadcast center via a wired/wireless telecommunications network to download map contents of the map, which have not been received but have dependencies with the un-updatable map contents; receiving the requested map contents from the broadcast center via the wired/wireless telecommunications network; and updating the map by aggregating the un-updatable map contents with the requested map contents.

Abstract: A method for providing a safety guidance service from a local server to a nomadic device includes gathering information regarding surrounding conditions within a service area on a road, receiving device information from the nomadic device, which enters the service area, determining whether or not the nomadic device is placed in a situation based on the device information, and when it is recognized that the situation has happened, providing safety guidance message suitable to the situation to the nomadic device.

Abstract: An apparatus for locating a mobile device includes a receiving unit receiving a trigger profile including predetermined zone information and a triggering rule about the generation of an alarm signal at the moment of entering and exiting of the predetermined zone, a location identifying unit locating a present location, a zone in/out detection unit generating the alarm signal according to the triggering rule based on the trigger profile and the present location located by the location identifying unit when entering the predetermined zone or exiting the predetermined zone, and a transmission unit transmitting the present location information identified by the location identifying unit when the alarm signal is generated.

Abstract: The present invention relates a system and method of managing vehicle and driver information. According to the present invention, internal status information and external environment information of a vehicle, and a driver's behavior information, are gathered to calculate the driver's workload that is required for careful driving and inform the workload to the driver, which leads to careful driving. Further, the information input to the terminal is sent to an observation center without manual control of the driver so that the observation center can collect and store the information in real time. Furthermore, the driving history, driving habits of the driver, and the amount of consumed fuel can be provided through the terminal and the driver access to the server in the observation center, which improves the driving habits of the driver and provides information about economical driving.

Abstract: A method of removing a portion of an oxide layer includes forming first byproducts by reacting a reaction gas with the oxide layer, the reaction gas including fluorine and nitrogen, reacting the reaction gas with the first byproducts to form second byproducts, and removing the second byproducts.

Abstract: A route guide method includes collecting state information of respective points of interest (POIs) and storing the collected state information in a state information database, extracting state information of one or more candidate POIs with reference to the state information database according to a request for the state information of the one or more candidate POIs, and applying the extracted state information of the candidate POIs to routes to the respective POIs to guide a user along the routes to the respective candidate POIs.