Abstract: A method for creating a grid-based tree in a multiple sensor network includes: dividing an entire area in which a base station node and a plurality of sensor nodes are disposed into grid areas; assigning a grid ID to each of the grid areas; setting, sequentially from the base station node to each of the sensor node, level information, candidate child nodes and candidate parent nodes; storing a grid ID of a grid area in which the respective nodes locate; selecting, for the respective sensor nodes, a parent node based on the grid ID, the level information, and the candidate parent nodes; and calculating, for the respective nodes, minimum bounding rectangles each of which includes a child node of corresponding node and nodes descended from the child node. The grid-based tree is calculated by using the minimum bounding rectangles.

Abstract: A rental software providing system and a method thereof, and its rental software providing server and a wireless terminal are disclosed. The rental software providing system using a prefetching scheme includes: a wireless terminal for notifying a network connection state, and a hardware state of the wireless terminal to a rental software providing server in order to perform the prefetching scheme; and a rental software providing server for prefetching partial programs of a rental software to be used in the wireless terminal by using a prefetching managing unit and a pattern analyzer and transmitting the prefetched partial programs to the wireless terminal.

Abstract: An event surveillance system includes: a network camera for monitoring real-time video images to perform event tracking on an event occurred therein; and at least one machine-to-machine agent, connected to the network camera and devices in a network, for providing protocols for data communications between the network camera and the devices. If the machine-to-machine agent receives information on the event occurred in the network camera, the machine-to-machine agent requests the devices to provide event information for use in verifying accuracy of the event and verifies the accuracy of the event based on the event information provided by the devices. The network camera monitors in real time the event verified to be accurate.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for improving transmission control protocol (TCP) performance using path recovery notification over a wireless network. The apparatus includes: a path recovery manager which detects a mobile host recovered from a temporary disconnection state and then outputs a detection signal to notify the detection result; a path recovery notification manager which receives the detection signal and generates an ACK (acknowledgement) packet to inform a transmitting end that the mobile host is recovered; and a first packet transceiver which transmits/receives the generated ACK packet and a data packet. Accordingly, a temporary disconnection state of a wireless network is explicitly informed to a transmitting end so as to transmit only lost packets without performing unnecessary congestion control, thereby improving TCP performance.

Abstract: Provided are a system and a method for reducing a communication load of an apparatus for tracking a moving object. The system includes: an estimated necessary time calculating unit receiving a current location and an arrival location of the moving object from a terminal included in the moving object, calculating estimated necessary time for the moving object to reach the arrival location, and transmitting the estimated necessary time to the terminal; and a communication path on-off controlling unit activating a communication path for the terminal to receive the estimated necessary time from the estimated necessary time calculating unit, and inactivating the communication path when the terminal receives the estimated necessary time through the communication path.

Abstract: In existing moving object tracking, there is a great communication load between a terminal and a platform, because the terminal should report its location to the platform every second or every minute and the platform should frequently process the location form the terminal. It is possible to reduce the great communication load on the server, by calculating an error between the current GPS location and the estimated location at a specific time on the basis of the estimated arrival time of the moving object. It allows that the terminal report its location to the server only when the error between current GPS location and the estimated location is greater than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An apparatus for locating a mobile device includes a receiving unit receiving a trigger profile including predetermined zone information and a triggering rule about the generation of an alarm signal at the moment of entering and exiting of the predetermined zone, a location identifying unit locating a present location, a zone in/out detection unit generating the alarm signal according to the triggering rule based on the trigger profile and the present location located by the location identifying unit when entering the predetermined zone or exiting the predetermined zone, and a transmission unit transmitting the present location information identified by the location identifying unit when the alarm signal is generated.

Abstract: A method of removing a portion of an oxide layer includes forming first byproducts by reacting a reaction gas with the oxide layer, the reaction gas including fluorine and nitrogen, reacting the reaction gas with the first byproducts to form second byproducts, and removing the second byproducts.

Abstract: A rental software providing system and a method thereof, and its rental software providing server and a wireless terminal are disclosed. The rental software providing system using a prefetching scheme includes: a wireless terminal for notifying a network connection state, and a hardware state of the wireless terminal to a rental software providing server in order to perform the prefetching scheme; and a rental software providing server for prefetching partial programs of a rental software to be used in the wireless terminal by using a prefetching managing unit and a pattern analyzer and transmitting the prefetched partial programs to the wireless terminal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device by which a generation of a void is prevented after depositing an interlayer dielectric material. First, a plurality of conductive patterns are formed on a substrate and then, a capping insulation layer is formed on the conductive patterns. The capping insulation layer is treated with plasma, and an interlayer dielectric material is deposited on the plasma treated capping insulation layer. The dependency of the interlayer dielectric on the type of material and form of an underlying layer is reduced to improve a gap-filling characteristic, especially for a gap having a high aspect ratio. An improved gap-filling characteristic is accomplished and the formation of all or substantially all of the voids from forming in a gap is prevented even though an interlayer dielectric is deposited under a conventional deposition conditions.

Abstract: A shooting game is provided based on videos reproduced on a computer by using an augmented reality technology. A 3D graphic object is matched with an existing video by rendering the 3D graphic object and a segmentation object mask of the existing video is overlaid on the 3D graphic object. As a result, three-dimensional effect of the game environment is greatly increased. Further, interactions between the computer and a gamer can be processed by using a gun simulator such as a mouse, a key board, a joystick, and the like. Since the game is played based on the video containing actual elements, the reality of the game environment is greatly enhanced compared to conventional cases where only virtual elements created by using computer graphics are utilized. Therefore, it becomes possible to produce a game having more various interesting scenario with a more real-world-like game environment.

Abstract: A shooting game is provided based on videos reproduced on a computer by using an augmented reality technology. A 3D graphic object is matched with an existing video by rendering the 3D graphic object and a segmentation object mask of the existing video is overlaid on the 3D graphic object. As a result, three-dimensional effect of the game environment is greatly increased. Further, interactions between the computer and a gamer can be processed by using a gun simulator such as a mouse, a key board, a joystick, and the like. Since the game is played based on the video containing actual elements, the reality of the game environment is greatly enhanced compared to conventional cases where only virtual elements created by using computer graphics are utilized. Therefore, it becomes possible to produce a game having more various interesting scenario with a more real-world-like game environment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device by which a generation of a void is prevented after depositing an interlayer dielectric material. First, a plurality of conductive patterns are formed on a substrate and then, a capping insulation layer is formed on the conductive patterns. The capping insulation layer is treated with plasma, and an interlayer dielectric material is deposited on the plasma treated capping insulation layer. The dependency of the interlayer dielectric on the type of material and form of an underlying layer is reduced to improve a gap-filling characteristic, especially for a gap having a high aspect ratio. An improved gap-filling characteristic is accomplished and the formation of all or substantially all of the voids from forming in a gap is prevented even though an interlayer dielectric is deposited under a conventional deposition conditions.

Abstract: A communication among participants in on-line virtual environments is disclosed. The communication with reality among the participants is effected in the diverse virtual environments such as an on-line game, chatting, etc., by converting a text message from a specified person into a speech having its own tone during the text message communication among the participants, and by reproducing the converted message through a receiver's speaker with a sound effect added thereto. The on-line communication by speech among the participants is effected without affecting the load of the network by converting the text message received in a user terminal into the speech using a text-to-speech converter, and by reproducing the converted speech through the speaker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a user-to-user communication system and method via a network. The communication system and method recognizes a first audio signal which is inputted from a user, converts the first audio signal into a first text data, and transmits the converted first text data, applied with a transmission code, into a counterpart terminal via the network; and receives a data applied with a transmission code from the counterpart terminal and converts the data into a second audio signal to output the same via a speaker. When one of users or garners wants to have a conversation with a counterpart gamer during a multi-user network game, communication among users participating in a multi-user on-line game can be smoothly executed in a narrow network bandwidth.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device for reducing parasitic bit line capacitance and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The semiconductor memory device includes a conductive pad formed on a semiconductor substrate and a first interlayer insulating layer having a first contact hole that exposes the conductive pad. The first interlayer insulating layer is formed on the conductive pad and the semiconductor substrate. Bit line stacks are formed on the first interlayer insulating layer. Bit line spacers are formed from a combination of materials having different dielectric constants on the sidewalls of the bit line stack to reduce the parasitic bit line capacitance. Preferably, the bit line spacers are stack layers including silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride. A second interlayer insulating layer having a second contact hole is formed on the bit line stack. A conductive plug fills the first and second contact holes.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device for reducing parasitic bit line capacitance and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The semiconductor memory device includes a conductive pad formed on a semiconductor substrate and a first interlayer insulating layer having a first contact hole that exposes the conductive pad. The first interlayer insulating layer is formed on the conductive pad and the semiconductor substrate. Bit line stacks are formed on the first interlayer insulating layer. Bit line spacers are formed from a combination of materials having different dielectric constants on the sidewalls of the bit line stack to reduce the parasitic bit line capacitance. Preferably, the bit line spacers are stack layers including silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride. A second interlayer insulating layer having a second contact hole is formed on the bit line stack. A conductive plug fills the first and second contact holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for furnishing augmented-reality graphic using panoramic image with supporting multi-user.

Abstract: A dielectric layer is formed by depositing a first dielectric layer above a semiconductor substrate including recessed regions, etching the first dielectric layer to remove any voids and to lower the aspect ratio of the recessed regions, and depositing a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer in the recessed regions. The method is particularly useful when the aspect ratios are high for recessed regions formed between patterns.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for removing particulate contaminant are provided in order to ensure high purity during a tungsten suicide deposition process. The method for removing particulate contaminant in tungsten silicide deposition process using SiH4 as silicon source gas and NF3 as cleaning gas, includes purging a carrier gas line for an SiH4 silicon source gas to remove the contaminant in the chamber and carrier gas line when the carrier gas is supplied with the chamber, and the NF3 cleaning gas is supplied to the chamber to form plasma. After a plasma cleaning, the gas line flowing reaction gas responding to the SiH4 is purged to remove the contaminant in the chamber and the reaction gas line. As a result, any particulate contaminant is removed or remains at a minimum level that has no effect on the tungsten silicide deposition process.