Abstract: A module is provided which includes two gas-filled surge arresters arranged next to one another in a housing. An auxiliary discharge gap and a short-circuit device is associated with each surge arrester. One side of each surge arrester is in contact with a plate, which forms the ground, as well as the stationary electrode of the short-circuit device. On the other side, the plate is in contact with two varistors which form the auxiliary discharge gaps. A cap, forming the movable electrode of the spring-loaded short-circuit device is placed on each varistor with a meltable spacer between them.

Abstract: A gas-filled overvoltage arrester with an electrode activation compound. In order to ensure a high degree of adherence of the activation compound to the electrodes in a gas-filled hydrogen-containing overvoltage arrester, the activation compound comprises a first aluminum component, a second halide component, and a third dielectric or ferroelectric metal oxide component. These three components are present in the proportions of 50 to 70, 20 to 40, and 3 to 10 mol. %, respectively.

Abstract: As a reserve series gap for a gas-filled three-electrode diverter, an arrangement is used that consists of two disk-shaped electrodes arranged axially behind one another with the same outer diameter and of an insulating foil arranged between these electrodes, these three parts being held together by means of a shrink tube. When such a reserve series gap is associated with an end electrode of a three-electrode diverter, the reserve series gap can also serve as a movable contact element of an overload path, given an appropriate design of the foot of the end electrode and the outer-lying electrode and upon combination with a fusible pellet.

Abstract: A gas-filled surge voltage protector with a high current-carrying capacity. The protector has electrode contacts implemented as strip clamps which in the areas of the end electrodes also surround contact rings that are placed on the base part of the end electrodes. The strip clamps are made of tin-plated sheet metal. One end of the metal strip is designed as a contact element.

Abstract: In order to ensure that the ignition voltage does not depend on whether a sark gap component is shielded or unshielded, a ring-shaped control electrode that makes electrical contact with the electrode not at ground potential is mounted adjacent to or on to the outer circumference of the insulator at an axial level almost equal to that of the active surface of the electrode not at ground potential. The control electrode comprises of either a metallic coating, a band-shaped strip, or a metal cap.

Abstract: For reducing the engineering cost of construction and manufacture for the air gap associated with the second electrode in an overvoltage arrester with air gap connected in parallel, the arrester (22) is enclosed by a cylindrical metal sleeve (28). One edge (19) of this metal sleeve contacts the first electrode (3) of the arrester, while the other edge (14) is laid over inwardly and grips the auxiliary electrode (27) placed on the second electrode (25) with interposition of an insulating disk (26). The outside diameter of this auxiliary electrode (27) is greater than the outside diameter of the second electrode (25). For the centering of the arrester (22) in the metal sleeve (28) the distance between the arrester and the metal sleeve is smaller, at least at three points over the circumference, than the required radial safety distance between the metal sleeve and the second electrode.

Abstract: An overvoltage arrester for high surge currents having an increased useful life while maintaining suitable electrical properties comprising a pair of electrodes secured to an insulator housing in confronting, spaced relation to provide a discharge gap, the electrodes being covered with a metallic activation compound comprising metallic barium aluminum dispersed in a matrix of metallic aluminum, the matrix being fused onto the confronting surfaces. Additional metal additives may be embedded or alloyed with the metals of the activation layer.

Abstract: For switching high voltages, high frequencies and at high numbers of switching actuations, a gas discharge structure is provided which is composed of a series circuit of two or more individual arresters which comprise electrodes of copper and which are filled with gas which is at least partially composed of hydrogen. The gas discharge path is suitable for switching frequencies in the kHz range.

Abstract: A surge arrester which has activating compound applied in recesses outside of an ignition gap. The distance between the recesses of two electrodes in the surge arrester is distinctly greater than the width of the ignition gap form by the electrodes. The ignition gap is not effected by deforming of the activating compound and therefore an associated change in the ignition voltage does not occur. These surge arresters are particularly suited for very small electrode spacing.

Abstract: An overvoltage arrester for handling high surge currents including a pair of electrodes one of which includes a blind bore into which the second electrode projects, thereby providing at least one discharge gap between the two electrodes. The arrester of the present invention has a long useful life and a high surge current carrying capability.

Abstract: For the reduction of the work function of the electrodes, gas discharge arresters contain an activator which contains, for example, an alkali metal or nickel. Getter materials, for example barium aluminum, serve the purpose of gettering of gases which can arise in the surge voltage arrester during manufacture or during operation. With these substances, the spreads of the minium operating voltage can be maintained small as long as the activator is only moderately heated. For high loads, the activator contains an alkali metal or nickel and, in addition, barium aluminum, whereby tungsten and/or molybdenum is present as the additional substance. An activator of this type guarantees constant values of the minumum operating voltage and a narrow spread of these values even after a high electrical and thermal load. A frequent switching of the maximally permissible current is possible without an interfering alteration of the electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A surge arrester is disclosed for a plurality of lines which are to be commonly safeguarded. In order to produce a multi-link arrester for the above application, for each of a plurality of lines which are to be safeguarded, there is provided an individual arrester to which a common arrester is connected in series. The response characteristics correspond to those of a gas discharge multi-link arrester having a common gas chamber. A capacitor is connected in parallel to the common arrester. The individual arresters and the common arrester are arranged in a beaker which is designed as a plug. A metal plate serves in the interior of the metal beaker as an electrode terminal in common to all arresters. The metal plate along with the metal beaker forms the capacitor.

Abstract: A surge arrester has a gas-filled housing, in which, by means of a tubular insulating body, copper electrodes are positioned opposite one another in a spaced relation, and have a stepped, truncated conical shape. The electrodes, in the region of the active surfaces thereof, are designed with thicker walls than the conical sides in the region of the connection to the insulating body. The surge arrester is characterized in the case of small dimensions by good alternating current loading, surge current loading and life-span characteristics, combined with low response surge voltage and high extinguishing potential. The active surfaces of the copper electrodes are provided with a deep waffeling or honeycombing, or concentric rings, in which an electrode activating substance is anchored, the substance comprising aluminum powder and magnesium oxide. The surge arrester is particularly suitable for protecting communication lines.