Abstract: A lighting device for operation in at least two operating modes: a mode for free viewing and a mode for restricted viewing. The device includes a backlighting system, which in the restricted-viewing mode radiates light in a restricted angular range, a plate-shaped optical element situated along a viewing direction in front of the backlighting system, and illuminants laterally arranged at the optical element. The optical element is configured as a light guide consisting of a matrix plastic and, homogeneously distributed therein, scattering particles of a polymer. The light guide is transparent to at least 80% of the light emitted by the backlighting system. The light laterally incident on the optical element from the illuminants is radiated in a free viewing range; in the restricted-viewing mode, the backlighting system is switched on and the illuminants switched off; in the free-viewing mode, the illuminants are on and the backlighting system is off.

Abstract: Method for removing U-shaped winding elements (10) for an electromagnetically excitable core (11) of an electric rotation machine (12) from a setting tool (20), wherein the U-shaped winding elements (10) are set and are initially located in the setting tool (20), wherein in one step the winding elements (10) are partially lifted out from the setting tool (20), so that parts of rod sections (13, 15) of the winding elements (10) are freely accessible from the outside, characterized in that the winding elements (10) are removed from the setting tool (20) by means of a removal device (75), by gripping the rod sections (13, 15).

Abstract: Method for forming at least one U-shaped winding element (10) for an electromagnetically excitable core (11) of an electric rotation machine (12), wherein the U-shaped winding element (10) has a first rod section (13) and a second rod section (15) which are connected by an arcuate connection section (16), wherein an inner tool part (23) having at least one recess (29) in the region of its outer circumference is provided, and an outer tool part (26) having at least one recess (30) in the region of its inner circumference is provided, and at least the U-shaped winding element (10) is inserted into the inner tool part (23) and the outer tool part (26) such that one rod section (13) is inserted into a recess (29) of the inner tool part (23), the other rod section (15) is inserted into a recess (30) of the outer tool part (26), and such that the inner tool part (23) and the outer tool part (26) are rotated with respect to one another about the axis of rotation (36), wherein in that context the at least two rod sec

Abstract: A method for producing a cylinder for a two-stroke engine, has the following steps: producing a casting core, wherein a central core slide for the cylinder chamber and at least one salt core for a transfer port are produced and the at least one salt core is connected to the central core slide, inserting the casting core into a casting mold, casting the cylinder in a die-casting process, removing the central core slide from the cylinder, wherein the at least one salt core is separated from the central core slide, and flushing the at least one salt core out of the cylinder. The invention further relates to a casting core for such a method.

Abstract: A display screen for secure representation of information comprising a background grid with light-emitting background grid elements of a first type and light-emitting or light-blocking background grid elements of a second type. A foreground grid (4) having completely light-transmissive foreground grid elements and light-attenuating foreground grid elements is arranged in front of the background grid. The lateral dimensions of the foreground grid elements, the distance and the lateral position of the foreground grid are matched in relation to the background grid in such a manner that a viewer looking at the foreground grid perceives coded information in a decoded form, on the basis of a contrast difference and/or color difference in relation to those fields of the background grid that are base-coded, only from one direction of view or one view angle range of up to ±50° about the view direction.

Abstract: A method by which optical filter structures may be applied onto a substrate that is transparent to light at least in the visible wavelength range suitable for a barrier filter. In such a method, an adhesive is applied onto the substrate; then, a photographic film comprising a base film and a photographic emulsion layer applied on it is brought into contact with the adhesive. The optical filter structures are impressed in the photographic emulsion layer by exposure, development and fixation. The side of the film brought into contact with the adhesive is the one that bears the photographic emulsion layer. The adhesive is then spread between film and substrate by means of a roller rolling across the film at a specified contact pressure and a specified feed rate of the roller and thus pressing the film against the substrate. A permanent joint between substrate and photographic emulsion layer is then established by the curing of the adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (1) for venting a fuel tank (3). The system (1) has a gas vessel (9), a first line (11), and a second line (13). The gas vessel (9) is designed to receive fuel vapor (7) from the fuel tank (3). The first line (11) connects the gas vessel (9) to an air supply path (21) of an internal combustion engine (19). The second line (13) connects the gas vessel (9) to a fuel supply path (30) of the internal combustion engine (19).

Abstract: A method for determining a lambda air ratio using a gas sensor having a ceramic measuring element, an output voltage of the gas sensor changing abruptly if lambda is changed in the range around lambda=1 and the gas sensor having an initial inverse voltage which is dependent on the temperature of the gas sensor. A threshold value for the initial inverse voltage is established for a limit between a lambda value below and above 1 as a function of the temperature of the gas sensor. Also described is a device for implementing the method. The method and the device make it possible to operate gas sensors having a ceramic measuring element at an even lower temperature than according to the related art and thus reduce the period between the start of an internal combustion engine and the operational readiness of a lambda regulation. This makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption as well as the emission of undesirable components of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder (10, 110) for a two-stroke engine, comprising the following steps: producing a casting core (30, 130), wherein a central core slide (31, 131) for the cylinder chamber (11, 111) and at least one salt core (33, 133) for an overflow channel (18, 19; 118, 119) are produced and the at least one salt core (33, 133) is connected to the central core slide (31, 131), inserting the casting core (30, 130) into a casting mold, casting the cylinder (10, 110) in a die-casting process, removing the central core slide (31, 131) from the cylinder (10, 110), wherein the at least one salt core (33, 133) is separated from the central core slide (31, 131), and flushing the at least one salt core (33, 133) out of the cylinder (10, 110). The invention further relates to a casting core (30, 130) for such a method.

Abstract: A method by which optical filter structures may be applied onto a substrate that is transparent to light at least in the visible wavelength range suitable for a barrier filter. In such a method, an adhesive is applied onto the substrate; then, a photographic film comprising a base film and a photographic emulsion layer applied on it is brought into contact with the adhesive. The optical filter structures are impressed in the photographic emulsion layer by exposure, development and fixation. The side of the film brought into contact with the adhesive is the one that bears the photographic emulsion layer. The adhesive is then spread between film and substrate by means of a roller rolling across the film at a specified contact pressure and a specified feed rate of the roller and thus pressing the film against the substrate. A permanent joint between substrate and photographic emulsion layer is then established by the curing of the adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for fabricating objects with a structured optically effective surface for fabricating lenticular screens. The method may comprise: applying a liquid plastic layer, consisting of a plastic that will cure by the input of energy, onto a substrate, smoothing the surface of the liquid plastic layer, inputting energy into the plastic, wherein the amount of energy to be applied per unit of time is specified for different positions as a function of the structure height to be produced in these positions, so that, as a result of the energy input, different quantities of still uncured and already cured solidified plastic exist in different positions of the surface, and removing the uncured plastic whereby the remaining, cured plastic defines an optically effective structure.

Abstract: A method for orienting a parallax barrier screen on a display screen with picture elements x(i,j) in a grid comprising rows i and columns j for the purpose of producing a display screen for three-dimensional representation. This method includes the steps of: temporary application of a positioning marker, observation of the positioning marker by means of a camera, relative orientation of the display screen, removal of the positioning marker, positioning of the parallax barrier screen in front of the picture area of the display screen display of a test picture, which comprises various views, where k=1, . . . , n and n=6 or n=7, on the picture elements x(i,j) with rows i and columns j, observation of the displayed test picture through the parallax barrier screen by the camera, orientation of the parallax barrier screen in front of the display screen.

Abstract: A sensor element for determining gas components in gas mixtures and a method for manufacturing the sensor element are provided, the sensor element having at least one pump cell which includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being situated in a measuring gas space of the sensor element, and the pump cell pumping oxygen into or out of the measuring gas space of the sensor element. The surface area of the second electrode is greater than that of the first electrode, and the second electrode has a diffusion barrier against the gas mixture diffusing to the second electrode, the diffusion resistance of the diffusion barrier being determined by its porosity and/or layer thickness being selected such that, given a predefined pump voltage applied to the first and second electrodes, essentially the same pump current flows between the electrodes as would flow if the diffusion barrier were not provided and both electrodes had the same surface areas exposed to the gas mixture.

Abstract: A method for checking a ring optical network line for data transmission between a plurality of network subscribers in a motor vehicle, wherein one network subscribers carries out a master function, wherein, apart from the optical network line, there is a further communication line which has a star structure. The network subscribers having the master function is arranged in the centre of the star structure and is connected directly via the communication line to every other network subscribers. The optical network line is checked by the network subscriber having the master function outputting a start signal to the individual network subscribers. The individual network subscribers acknowledge the start signal for the network subscribers the master function via the communication line. After the start signal, the network subscriber having the master function outputs an initialization signal via the optical network line.

Abstract: In a method of controlling a sensor for determining an oxygen concentration in a gas mixture, in particular in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, a detection voltage supplied by a Nernst measurement cell and corresponding to the oxygen concentration is transformed by a circuit arrangement into a pump voltage for a pump cell, and an anodic or cathodic limit current flows over the pump cell, depending on the oxygen content of the gas mixture. In stable operation of the sensor, during which an anodic limit current flows for a selectable period of time, the pump cell and/or the Nernst measurement cell receives at least one voltage pulse supplied independently by the measured detection voltage or the pump current thus established, so that the sensor is depolarized.