Abstract: A drive battery assembly of an electric, fuel cell or hybrid vehicle has a plurality of battery cells (10), which are outwardly closed by their own individual cell housings (12) and are combined into a cell stack. At least one cooling fin (16) planarly abutting the cell housings (12) removes heat by way of coolant. Canals (28) for coolant are formed by the walls of the two-walled cooling fins (16) being distanced in sections.

Abstract: An electrical circuitry has a base element, a printed circuit board and a fastening apparatus for fastening the printed circuit board to the base element. The fastening apparatus retains the printed circuit board by virtue of the base element being present on a top side and underside of the printed circuit board. In this case, the base element acts upon the top side and underside of the printed circuit board at application points which are opposite one another at an offset with respect to one another while elastically deforming the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A connecting device for connecting a control unit in a motor vehicle includes: the control unit for implementing an electronic function, having a connector unit; an accommodation unit having a connector area for accommodating the corresponding connector unit of the control unit, and an accommodation area for accommodating the control unit either entirely or partially in the inserted state, the accommodation unit being connected to an electrical power supply cable and having a fastening device for fastening the accommodation unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a neutron detector for detection of neutrons in fields with significant ?- or ?-radiation, comprising a neutron sensitive scintillator crystal, providing a neutron capture signal being larger than the capture signal of 3 MeV ?-radiation, a semiconductor based photo detector being optically coupled to the scintillator crystal, where the scintillator crystal and the semiconductor based photo detector are selected so that the total charge collection time for scintillator signals in the semiconductor based photo detector is larger than the total charge collection time for signals generated by direct detection of ionizing radiation in the semiconductor based photo detector, the neutron detector further comprising a device for sampling the detector signals, a digital signal processing device, means which distinguish direct signals from the semiconductor based photo detector, caused by ?- or ?-radiation and being at least partially absorbed in the semiconductor based photo detector, from lig

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector for measuring nuclear radiation, especially gamma-radiation, comprising a scintillator crystal with a light decay time of less than 100 ns, a silicon drift detector (SDD) for the measurement of both direct hits of low energy radiation and the light, being emitted from the scintillator crystal, the silicon drift detector being mounted between the scintillation crystal and the radiation entry window, a preamplifier, connected to the SDD, electronic devices, being capable of determining the signal rise time of the measured signals and of separating the signals on the basis of said rise time, electronic devices, being capable of separately collecting the energy spectra of SDD and scintillator detection events on the basis of the different rise times.

Abstract: A device and a method for bidirectional single-wire data transmission of data information between an electronic control unit and at least one peripheral unit. A predefined constant voltage and/or a predefined constant current is applied to a driver device of the electronic control unit to produce voltage-coded and/or current-coded information. The voltage-coded and/or current-coded information is transmitted from the driver device of the electronic control unit to a driver device 30 of the peripheral unit via a single-wire line. At least the driver logic of the driver device and/or the communication logic of the peripheral unit are triggered and powered through the current flow. Information occurring on the peripheral unit is current-coded and/or voltage coded due to the triggering thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting neutron radiation includes a first section with a high neutron absorption capability and a second section with a low neutron absorption capability. The second section includes a gamma ray scintillator having an inorganic material with an attenuation length of less than 10 cm for gamma rays of 5 MeV energy. The material of the first section releases the energy deployed in the first section by neutron capture mainly via gamma radiation. A substantial portion of the first section is covered by the second section. An evaluation device determines the amount of light detected by a light detector for one scintillation event, and the amount is in a known relation to the energy deployed by gamma radiation in the second section. The evaluation device classifies detected radiation as neutrons when the measured total gamma energy Esum is above 2,614 MeV.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting neutron radiation includes a gamma ray scintillator having an inorganic material with an attenuation length Lg of less than 10 cm for gamma rays of 5 MeV energy to provide for high gamma ray stopping power for energetic gamma rays within the -gamma ray scintillator. The gamma ray scintillator includes components with a product of neutron capture cross section and concentration leading to an absorption length Ln for thermal neutrons which is larger than 0.5 cm but smaller than five times the attenuation length Lg for 5 MeV gammas, the gamma ray scintillator having a diameter or edge length of at least 50% of Lg. The apparatus includes an evaluation device to determine the amount of light, detected by a light detector for one scintillation event The evaluation device classifies detected radiation as neutrons when the measured total gamma energy Esum is above 2,614 MeV.

Abstract: A single plane Compton telescope uses a coplanar array of detectors to determine the direction of a radiation source. Detector materials and dimensions may have comparable Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption probabilities, so scattered photons have a high probability of escape from the detector in which the initial interaction occurs, while being absorbed in adjacent detectors. Energy information from coincident interactions between two detectors defines a bearing plane that contains the radiation source; by comparing these interactions in two non-parallel directions, the source is localized to a line representing the intersection of two bearing planes. Energies may be summed to determine the initial photon energy. The array may be of a single detector type or an arrangement of different detector types. The array may be a stationary, planar configuration of at least three detectors, or a linear array of at least two detectors that is rotatable within a selected plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector for the measurement of ionizing radiation, preferably ?-radiation and x-rays, comprising a scintillator and a light detector, the light detector being stabilized by using a predefined light source, preferably a Light Emitting Diode (LED), where the length and/or shape of the light pulses of the light source is different from the length and/or shape of the light pulses emitted by the scintillator. The light source induced pulses and the radiation induced pulses are separated from all other pulses on the basis of their pulse width. The detector is additionally stabilized by correcting the measured light output, that is the pulse height of the output signals, of the detector with the detector temperature shift, being dependant from the average pulse width of the accumulated ?-pulses.

Abstract: A method for linearizing a radiation detector is provided, the method including measuring a pulse height spectrum of a predetermined radiation source, identifying at least one spectrum template for the predetermined radiation source, and determining a linearization function by comparing the measured pulse height spectrum with the at least one identified spectrum template. The at least one spectrum template is a predefined synthesized energy spectrum for the predetermined radiation source and for the corresponding radiation detector. Further, a detector for measuring one or more types of radiation is provided, the detector being adapted for transforming the measured pulse height spectrum in an energy-calibrated spectrum, the transformation including a linearization step, where a linearization function used with the linearization step is determined according to the inventive method.

Abstract: An electrical circuitry has a base element, a printed circuit board and a fastening apparatus for fastening the printed circuit board to the base element. The fastening apparatus retains the printed circuit board by virtue of the base element being present on a top side and underside of the printed circuit board. In this case, the base element acts upon the top side and underside of the printed circuit board at application points which are opposite one another at an offset with respect to one another while elastically deforming the printed circuit board.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector for the measurement of ionizing radiation, preferably ?-radiation and x-rays, comprising a scintillator and a light detector, the light detector being stabilized by using a predefined light source, preferably a Light Emitting Diode (LED), where the length and/or shape of the light pulses of the light source is different from the length and/or shape of the light pulses emitted by the scintillator. The light source induced pulses and the radiation induced pulses are separated from all other pulses on the basis of their pulse width. The detector is additionally stabilized by correcting the measured light output, that is the pulse height of the output signals, of the detector with the detector temperature shift, being dependant from the average pulse width of the accumulated ?-pulses.

Abstract: A method for linearizing a radiation detector is provided, the method including measuring a pulse height spectrum of a predetermined radiation source, identifying at least one spectrum template for the predetermined radiation source, and determining a linearization function by comparing the measured pulse height spectrum with the at least one identified spectrum template. The at least one spectrum template is a predefined synthesized energy spectrum for the predetermined radiation source and for the corresponding radiation detector. Further, a detector for measuring one or more types of radiation is provided, the detector being adapted for transforming the measured pulse height spectrum in an energy-calibrated spectrum, the transformation including a linearization step, where a linearization function used with the linearization step is determined according to the inventive method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detector for measuring nuclear radiation, especially gamma-radiation, comprising a scintillator crystal with a light decay time of less than 100 ns, a silicon drift detector (SDD) for the measurement of both direct hits of low energy radiation and the light, being emitted from the scintillator crystal, the silicon drift detector being mounted between the scintillation crystal and the radiation entry window, a preamplifier, connected to the SDD, electronic devices, being capable of determining the signal rise time of the measured signals and of separating the signals on the basis of said rise time, electronic devices, being capable of separately collecting the energy spectra of SDD and scintillator detection events on the basis of the different rise times.

Abstract: The invention relates to a neutron detector for detection of neutrons in fields with significant ?- or ?-radiation, comprising a neutron sensitive scintillator crystal, providing a neutron capture signal being larger than the capture signal of 3 MeV ?-radiation, a semiconductor based photo detector being optically coupled to the scintillator crystal, where the scintillator crystal and the semiconductor based photo detector are selected so that the total charge collection time for scintillator signals in the semiconductor based photo detector is larger than the total charge collection time for signals generated by direct detection of ionizing radiation in the semiconductor based photo detector, the neutron detector further comprising a device for sampling the detector signals, a digital signal processing device, means which distinguish direct signals from the semiconductor based photo detector, caused by ?- or ?-radiation and being at least partially absorbed in the semiconductor based photo detector, from lig

Abstract: A drive battery assembly of an electric, fuel cell or hybrid vehicle has a plurality of battery cells (10), which are outwardly closed by their own individual cell housings (12) and are combined into a cell stack. At least one cooling fin (16) planarly abutting the cell housings (12) removes heat by way of coolant. Canals (28) for coolant are formed by the walls of the two-walled cooling fins (16) being distanced in sections.

Abstract: A detector for the measurement of radiation, preferably ionizing radiation, includes a medium, means for the conversion of the radiation energy absorbed by the medium into electrical charge, means for digital sampling of the charge signals, means for the determination of a calibration factor K, and means for the stabilization of the output signals of the detector. The medium at least partly absorbs the radiation to be measured. The electric charge is at least partially proportional to the energy of the radiation. The sampling is done preferably with a sampling rate between 1 and 1000 MHz. Further signal processing is digital. The calibration factor K has a fixed relation with respect to the decay time ? of the medium. The output signals of the detector are mainly proportional to the radiation energy, and are stabilized with the help of the calibration factor K.

Abstract: Method for correction of the temperature dependency of a light quantity L emitted by a light emitting diode (LED), being operated in pulsed mode with substantially constant pulse duration tP, and measured in a light detector, using a predetermined parameter X, correlated to the temperature T of the LED in a predetermined ratio, whereby a correction factor K is determined from the parameter X, preferably using a calibration table, especially preferred using an analytic predetermined function, whereby the measured emitted light quantity L is corrected for the temperature contingent fluctuations of the emitted light quantity, whereby the parameter X is determined from at least two output signals of the LED, which are related to each other in a predetermined manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for stabilizing the signals generated by a scintillation detector for measuring radiation, especially ionizing radiation, using the radiation which is at least partially absorbed in the detector, said signals depending on the operating temperature of the detector. According to said method, the temperature-dependent calibration factor K is determined from the signal shape of the signals generated by the radiation to be measured itself.