Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic body that can support a required amount of a catalyst component, without lowering the characteristics such as strength, being manufactured without forming a coating layer and providing a high performance ceramic catalyst that is excellent in practical utility and durability. A noble metal catalyst is supported directly on the surface of the ceramic body and the second component, consisting of compound or composite compound of element having d or f orbit in the electron orbits thereof such as W, Co, Ti, Fe, Ga and Nb, is dispersed in the first component made of cordierite or the like that constitutes the substrate ceramic. The noble metal catalyst can be directly supported by bonding strength generated by sharing the d or f orbits of the second component, or through interaction with the dangling bond that is generated in the interface between the first component and the second component.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus includes a radio signal processing section which produces a first signal. A power calculation section produces a power value signal of the first signal. A correlation detection section produces correlative value signals corresponding to a correlation between the first signal and a known signal. A first and a second detection section detect a beginning of the reception signal, using the power value signal and the correlative value signal respectively. The first and the second detection section respectively produce a first detection and a second detection signal, each of which include information of a beginning timing of the reception signal. A select control section is supplied with the first and the second detection signals and selectively outputs one of them. A demodulation section demodulates a data signal from the first signal using an output signal from the select control section.

Abstract: The ignition timing is sustained at an initial value during a predetermined time beginning at a start of an engine, and is retarded after the predetermined time is elapsed to heat a catalyst at an early time. The predetermined time ends when the negative pressure of an intake pipe or the negative pressure of a brake booster reaches to a predetermined value. That is, the predetermined time is a period, which begins at a start of the engine and ends when a proper negative pressure can be sustained in the brake booster. As a result, it is possible to assure a negative pressure in the brake booster at an early time and to reduce exhaust emission at a start of the engine simultaneously.

Abstract: Catalyst particles having a higher activity and capable of showing activities for a plurality of kinds of material are provided. The catalyst particles of the invention comprise base particles that consist of one kind of single material fine particles or two or more kinds of solid solution fine particles having primary particle diameters of a nanometer order, and a surface coating layer made of one or more kind of noble metal, or an oxide of noble metal, that covers at least a part of the surface of the base particles 1 to a thickness of one to thirty single atom layers.

Abstract: ATM cells inputted into a physical layer interface (12) are once stored in a cell buffer (24) regardless whether they are ATM cells to be outputted from a switching interface (22) or ATM cells addressed to host CPU (26), and the ATM cells addressed to the host CPU are stored in a temporary RAM (18) at a timing controlled by a scheduler (16). The host CPU 26 read out ATM cells stored in the temporary RAM (18) when necessary. Thereby, no FIFO memory is needed to temporarily store ATM cells addressed to the host CPU (26).

Abstract: An endoscope shape detection system has a CPU included in a control unit. The CPU performs frequency sampling of digital data to calculate coordinates indicating the spatial positions of source coils incorporated in an insertion unit of an endoscope received in a patient and of marker coils placed on a patient. An inserted state of the insertion unit of the endoscope is estimated based on the calculated coordinate data indicating the positions of the source coils. Display data based on the shape of the endoscope is produced from the calculated coordinate data indicating the positions of the source coils, and output to a video RAM. Display data of the marker coils is produced from the calculated coordinate data indicating the positions of the marker coils, and output to the video RAM. Consequently, the positions of the markers are depicted together with the shape of the endoscope. The positional relationship between the insertion unit of the endoscope and a patient's body can therefore be ascertained.

Abstract: A capsule medical apparatus has a specific space setting unit which designates a specific space in vivo and a capsule which is inserted or swallowed in vivo. Further, the capsule medical apparatus has a recognizing unit which recognizes whether or not the capsule exists in the specific space set by the specific space setting unit and a control unit which controls a state of the capsule based on an output from the recognizing unit. Thus, the capsule reaches the specific space, then, the state of the capsule is controlled, and medical activity is performed.

Abstract: The ignition timing is sustained at an initial value during a predetermined time beginning at a start of an engine, and is retarded after the predetermined time is elapsed to heat a catalyst at an early time. The predetermined time ends when the negative pressure of an intake pipe or the negative pressure of a brake booster reaches to a predetermined value. That is, the predetermined time is a period, which begins at a start of the engine and ends when a proper negative pressure can be sustained in the brake booster. As a result, it is possible to assure a negative pressure in the brake booster at an early time and to reduce exhaust emission at a start of the engine simultaneously.

Abstract: An image-reading apparatus expands a scanning area along a side at each of both ends in a width direction and a longitudinal direction of a paper P, when reading an image on the paper P fed into it by an image-reading unit comprising scanner heads 7a and 7b, in order to embrace the paper P entirely within the scanning area even when the paper P passes the image-reading unit while in a skew orientation, thereby enabling the apparatus to read the image without any defect, including the image in a marginal portion of the paper P.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to provide a controller for an internal combustion engine, capable of suppressing deterioration in drivability of an engine. A controller for an internal combustion engine has lean control means for calculating a torque margin from a reference engine speed and an actual engine speed and setting a combustion air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine to the lean side on the basis of the torque margin. In addition to correction of a fuel injection amount by the lean control means, the fuel injection amount is further corrected on the basis of a final correction value for reducing deterioration in drivability. The final correction value is set by selecting either a correction value which is set on the basis of an engine speed fluctuation amount or a final correction value of last time, which suppresses deterioration in drivability more. Thus, the operation of setting the air-fuel ratio to the lean side while considering deterioration in drivability can be performed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic body that can support a required amount of a catalyst component, without lowering the characteristics such as strength, being manufactured without forming a coating layer and providing a high performance ceramic catalyst that is excellent in practical utility and durability.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a condition of the burning in an internal combustion engine includes a burning-parameter controlling device for controlling a burning parameter operating on the burning in the internal combustion engine. A burning-condition detecting device operates for, in cases where the burning parameter is changed by the burning-parameter controlling device, sampling prescribed information for detecting a burning condition.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing a direct support ceramic support having less degradation of a catalyst due to thermal durability, and capable of keeping a high catalyst performance for a long time and suppressing a change of characteristics of a substrate ceramic. According to the invention, one or more kinds of constituent elements of a substrate ceramic such as cordierite are replaced by an element such as W to form a ceramic body having at least one kind of elements and fine pores each capable of directly supporting a catalyst component. These elements or fine pores are arranged at only an outermost surface layer portion (a depth corresponding to 1,000 unit crystal lattices or below) of the substrate ceramic. A catalyst body undergoing less thermal degradation and having small influences on the characteristics of the substrate ceramic is thus obtained.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing a catalyst body exhibiting a lower degradation of a catalyst due to thermal durability and capable of keeping higher catalyst performance for a long time. A catalyst component such as Pt is directly supported by Zr, W, etc, replacing elements inside a support such as Al of cordierite to provide a catalyst body without forming a coating layer. A combination of the catalyst component and the element inside the support is selected so that support strength is greater than 5 eV by simulation using a density functional method. Coarsening of catalyst particles can be suppressed and a high-performance catalyst body excellent in thermal durability can be obtained.

Abstract: An emission control apparatus for an engine has a plurality of catalysts disposed in series in an exhaust passage. An HC absorbent catalyst is utilized for at least one of the catalysts. An ECU controls an A/F ratio in an upstream side of the HC absorbent catalyst at a target value. The target value is corrected to a leaner value when the HC absorbent catalyst is in a desorbing condition. The leaner value is leaner than the target value during the HC absorbent catalyst is in an absorbing condition or an activated condition. The leaner atmosphere provides sufficient of oxygen to purify desorbed HC from the HC absorbent catalyst itself.

Abstract: An endoscope shape detecting system displays an endoscope image and an insertion form image simultaneously on a display means. A first memory stores an endoscope image and a second memory stores an insertion form image. A control device controls a switching action such that the insertion form image is output to the display means during a period wherein the output of the endoscope image to the display means is turned off and stored in the first memory means, and that the output of the insertion form image to the display means is turned off and stored in the second memory during the period wherein the output of the endoscope image to the display is turned on. In addition, a control device is provided that controls the storing action such that a first period for storing endoscope images in the first memory and a second period for storing output signals from a magnetic field detecting device in the second memory do not overlap.

Abstract: The ignition timing is sustained at an initial value during a predetermined time beginning at a start of an engine, and is retarded after the predetermined time is elapsed to heat a catalyst at an early time. The predetermined time ends when the negative pressure of an intake pipe or the negative pressure of a brake booster reaches to a predetermined value. That is, the predetermined time is a period, which begins at a start of the engine and ends when a proper negative pressure can be sustained in the brake booster. As a result, it is possible to assure a negative pressure in the brake booster at an early time and to reduce exhaust emission at a start of the engine simultaneously.

Abstract: In a catalyst body using a direct support, this invention provides a ceramic catalyst body capable of adjusting catalyst performance in accordance with intended objects such as prevention of deactivation of a main catalyst component when an sub catalyst component is used, or improvement of initial purification performance. When both main catalyst component and sub catalyst component are supported on a ceramic support capable of directly supporting the catalyst components, the invention first supports a catalyst metal as a main catalyst such as Pt, for example, and then supports the sub catalyst such as CeO2 on the main catalyst. The main catalyst is thus prevented from being involved in the grain growth of the sub catalyst, and becomes a catalyst body that does not easily undergo thermal deactivation. The ceramic support uses cordierite, a part of the constituent elements of which are replaced, so that the replacing elements so introduced can directly support the catalyst components.

Abstract: In a catalyst body using a direct support, this invention provides a ceramic catalyst body capable of preventing degradation resulting from aggregation of catalyst components, excellent in low thermal capacity and low pressure loss and having excellent catalytic performance and high durability. Catalyst particles prepared by supporting a catalyst metal such as Pt on intermediate substrate particles and an assistant catalyst of a metal oxide such as CeO2 are directly supported on a ceramic support using cordierite, a part of constituent elements of which is replaced, as a substrate and capable of directly supporting the catalyst components on replacing elements so introduced. Even when the CeO2 particles having low bonding strength move, the catalyst metal such as Pt is prevented from moving and aggregating because it is bonded to the intermediate substrate particles, and catalyst performance can be maintained for a long time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic catalyst body having low thermal capacity and low pressure loss, is capable of demonstrating various catalytic actions according to the application, and has high catalyst performance and practical usefulness.