Abstract: A sensing element of an oxygen sensor is controlled to keep a target impedance for maintaining activation temperature of the oxygen sensor. As the sensing element deteriorates, its internal impedance increases and power supply to a heater for heating the sensing element increases. The oxygen sensor temperature rises excessively above an activation temperature. To restrict excessive temperature rise, the target impedance is altered when the supply power to the heater exceeds a predetermined reference. The target impedance may be increased with increase in the power supply to the heater. Alternatively, the heater supply power is limited to a predetermined maximum for restricting excessive temperature rise.

Abstract: A flame retardant solid electrolyte comprising an ion conductive polymer matrix having moieties capable of imparting flame retardance to the polymer matrix and ether bonds in the molecule and an electrolyte salt dispersed in the polymer matrix. The flame retardant solid electrolyte may be one which comprises a non-ion-conductive polymer matrix and a liquid electrolyte consisting of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a solvent therefor, which is dispersed in the polymer matrix. The flame retardance-imparting moieties are derived from halogen or phosphorus-bearing compounds.

Abstract: An air/fuel ratio control system controls the supply of fuel to an internal combustion engine to achieve a target air/fuel ratio, based on the output of an air/fuel ratio sensor. The system may determine whether there is an abnormality in the air/fuel ratio sensor based on a comparison between a change of an air/fuel ratio correction coefficient, used to drive the air/fuel ratio to the target value, and a change of the target air/fuel ratio if the target air/fuel ratio has sharply changed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a polymerized toner of core-shell structure, comprising core particles composed of colored polymer particles having a volume average particle diameter (dv) of 0.5-20 .mu.m and a ratio (dv/dp) of the volume average particle diameter (dv) to a number average particle diameter (dp) of at most 1.7, and shell which is formed of a polymer layer having an average film thickness of 0.001-0.1 .mu.m and covers each of the core particles, and a production process thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a toner for development of electrostatic latent images, which is composed of colored polymer particles and has a low fixing temperature, good permeability through OHP and excellent shelf stability, by subjecting a monomer composition containing at least a polymerizable monomer and a colorant to suspension polymerization in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersing agent comprises at least two steps of:(1) the first step of subjecting a monomer composition for core component containing at least one monomer for core component, which is capable of forming a polymer having a glass transition temperature not higher than 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A switch executes complex protocol processing on control cells easily at a high speed in the same manner as normal cells are processed. The switch flexibly copes with new or modifies specifications and standards which might be established in the future for processing RM and OAM cells. Each link interface portion 1 of the ATM switch includes an input cells processing portion 7 and an output cell processing portion 8 provided at the input side and output side of a cell exchange portion 2, and cooperates with a control information maintenance portion 9 to execute application of switching information that the cell exchange portion 2 requires in input cells, and rewriting of ATM cell headers of input cells to and output cells from the cell exchange portion 2. The input cell processing portion 7 and the output cell processing portion 8 of each include a fixed sequencer and a microcode sequencer to execute complex protocol processing such as OAM, RM and other control functions in the microcode sequencer.

Abstract: An image pickup frame is divided into a plurality of areas. A contrast at each area is measured. An area where a main subject is located is detected by comparing contrasts at areas. A distance to a subject in the area where the main subject is located is measured. With this range finding technique, even if a main subject is not located at the central area of an image pickup frame, an area where the main subject is located can be identified and range finding can be performed only for that area.

Abstract: A sensing element of an oxygen sensor is controlled to keep a target impedance for maintaining activation temperature of the oxygen sensor. As the sensing element deteriorates, its internal impedance increases and power supply to a heater for heating the sensing element increases. The oxygen sensor temperature rises excessively above an activation temperature. To restrict excessive temperature rise, the target impedance is altered when the supply power to the heater exceeds a predetermined reference. The target impedance may be increased with increase in the power supply to the heater. Alternatively, the heater supply power is limited to a predetermined maximum for restricting excessive temperature rise.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus for approximately obtaining an image signal which might have been obtained if scanned in a second direction using an image signal obtained by scanning in a first direction. The image apparatus includes a conveyer for conveying a document, a detector for detecting the inclination of the conveyed document, and a window generator for generating a window signal. Also included is an image reader for reading an image by scanning the document in a first direction at a width broader than the width of the document and reading the scanned image only when the window signal is present to produce an issuing image signal. Also included is a first corrector for adjusting the start timing of the window signal so that the window signal may be started when the scanning passes through the beginning end of the document by reference to the inclination angle of the document.

Abstract: An exhaust gas detoxifying system includes a catalytic converter in the exhaust system of an engine to detoxify exhaust gas. An air conditioner includes a compressor which is driven by the engine, and it performs air conditioning of the vehicle interior based on a refrigeration cycle. The operation of the air conditioner compressor is restricted depending on the degree of necessity of air conditioning, which is calculated from the difference between a vehicle interior temperature and a target temperature, if the catalytic converter exhaust gas detoxification performance is expected to deteriorate during accelerating or heavy-load operations of the engine.

Abstract: An automatic light measuring device for an image pickup device includes a pair of line sensors suitable for an automatic focusing adjustment and disposed on a semiconductor chip at positions spaced apart by a predetermined distances, an integration time controller for generating an integration control signal for controlling the charge accumulation by incident light by detecting the amount of charges accumulated in the line sensors, a first exposure amount detector for calculating the intensity of incident light from the integration control signal, a second exposure amount detector inclusive of photoelectric conversion elements formed on the semiconductor chip, for detecting the amount of incident light, a pair of lenses mounted above the pair of line sensors for focusing the image of substantially the same subject within the central area of the field of view, and an optical system for applying light within the area broader than the central area of the field of view to the surface of the semiconductor chip inc

Abstract: On an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, an A/F sensor is disposed at an upstream side of a three-way catalyst and a downstream side O.sub.2 sensor is disposed on a downstream side thereof. A CPU determines according to an exhaust gas temperature whether the operational state of the engine is in a high load. In an early stage of the engine operation of high load, CPU sets a "rich" side target air-fuel ratio within a range that enables the downstream side O.sub.2 sensor to make linear detection of air-fuel ratio and executes feedback control of air-fuel ratio by using the set target air-fuel ratio. Also, when the level of the load has increased, CPU sets a "rich" side target air-fuel ratio according to the exhaust gas temperature and executes feedback control of air-fuel ratio by using the set target air-fuel ratio. Further, when the "rich" width deviates from a range that enables the A/F sensor to make its detection, CPU performs open-loop control with respect to the increment in fuel.

Abstract: In a heater control of an oxygen sensor, a heater control circuit is rendered fully conductive at 100% duty initially to supply full power to a heater until the resistance value of the heater reaches a predetermined initial value corresponding to a predetermined temperature. Then, the duty of the heater control circuit is feedback controlled so that the heater temperature becomes a target value until the internal resistance of the oxygen sensor reaches a target temperature, and further, after the internal resistance of the oxygen sensor S reaches the target temperature, the duty of the heater control circuit is feedback controlled so that the element temperature of the sensor becomes a target value.

Abstract: The invention provides a developer comprising toner particles and a finely particulate polymer, wherein the finely particulate polymer is a finely particulate polymer of core-shell structure, which has a core part formed of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer and a shell part formed of a (meth)acrylic ester polymer, and is obtained by a soap-free emulsion polymerization process. The developer has stable flowability and charging properties. The invention also provides such a finely particulate polymer and a preparation process thereof.

Abstract: A range finder having: first and second lenses for focussing an image of a subject via spatially different optical paths; first and second photosensor arrays disposed generally parallel and each having a plurality of pixels, an image being focussed on the first and second photosensor arrays by the first lens; a third photosensor array having a plurality of pixels, an image being focussed on the third photosensor array by the second lens, and a line extending through pixels of the first photosensor array and pixels of the third photosensor array having a slant from a line extending through the optical axes of the first and second lenses; a phase difference detecting unit for detecting a phase difference between images focussed by the first and second lenses and correcting an error to be caused by the slant in accordance with images focussed on the first to third photosensor arrays; and a distance calculating unit for calculating distance data to the subject in accordance with the phase difference detected by t

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an engine for reliably converging an air-fuel ratio around a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio to prevent harmful exhaust components from being discharged into the air is described. The apparatus includes a CPU which determines an inversion direction of an output of an O.sub.2 sensor on the downstream side of a catalytic converter, corrects a target air-fuel ratio .lambda.TG in a step-like fashion in the opposite direction by a skip amount and calculates a fuel injection amount every injection timing on the basis of a difference between the corrected target air-fuel ratio .lambda.TG and an air-fuel ratio .lambda. detected by an O.sub.2 sensor on the upstream side of the exhaust flow. The target air-fuel ratio is reflected immediately in the fuel injection amount at an updating rate of every ilnjection timing, so that the fuel injection amount may be controlled with an excellent responsiveness to turbulence in the air-fuel ratio. Further, upper and lower limit guard values .

Abstract: A phase difference detection type rangefinder is provided which calculates a distance value of each subject of two or more subjects at different distances.

Abstract: An endoscope image recording apparatus comprises a video endoscope having, at a forward end of an inserting section, an image pickup element, for image-picking-up the interior of a body cavity or the like, an image control unit for signal-processing a picture signal from the video endoscope, to generate an image signal, a portable IC memory card for recording the image signal from the image control unit as image data, a digital audio tape (DAT), a monitor for displaying the image signal from the image control unit or image data recorded on the IC memory card or the DATA, and indication means for indicating control operation to the image control unit. The IC memory card and the DAT tape record a serial number of the image, an INDEX image of the image, patient data, and image data. The IC memory card records an ID number of the DAT tape, while the DAT tape records an ID number of the IC memory card.

Abstract: To shorten the time during which oxygen concentration cannot be detected, the temperature of an oxygen concentration sensor is detected by negatively biasing the sensor using a bias control circuit. A microcomputer estimates a saturated current thereof at one time before the current flowing through the sensor section ends rising based on a current detected by a current detecting circuit at that time. Further, the sensor is positively biased right after the elapse of a negative bias voltage application period by the bias control circuit. The microcomputer determines the air-fuel ratio based on the current flowing through the sensor at that time. The period in which the negative bias is applied is variably set appropriately by the microcomputer in response to changes of engine temperature and intake air amount. Furthermore, to activate the sensor quickly, the temperature of the sensor section is detected and a heater is controlled based thereon.

Abstract: A window glass antenna for use on an automobile rear window glass panel, for example has a radiating pattern to be mounted on the window glass panel a ground pattern to be mounted on the window glass panel in spaced relationship to the radiating pattern. The radiating pattern has a vertical length substantially equal to a quarter wavelength. The ground pattern has a vertical length substantially equal to a quarter wavelength and a horizontal width ranging from a half wavelength to a three-quarter wavelength.