Abstract: A musical instrument includes: a fixed member; a movable member displaceable relative to the fixed member within a movable range in response to a playing operation of the musical instrument; a detectable circuit including a magnetic or conductive body and disposed on the movable member; a detector circuit including a coil disposed on the fixed member and configured to output a detection signal corresponding to a voltage that is dependent on a distance between the detectable circuit and the coil; at least one memory storing instructions; and at least one processor configured to implement the instructions to perform a plurality of tasks, including: a generating task that generates, based on correspondences between voltages of detection signals and positions of the movable member in the movable range, position data indicating a position of the movable member that depends on the voltage of the detection signal output from the detector circuit; and a calibrating task that calibrates the correspondences based on th

Abstract: A musical instrument includes a fixed member; a movable member displaceable in response to a playing operation of the musical instrument, the movable member being displaceable relative to the fixed member from a first state where the movable member is in an initial position to a second state where the movable member is displaced from the initial position; a detectable circuit including a magnetic or conductive body and disposed on the movable member; and a detector circuit including a coil disposed on the fixed member and configured to output a detection signal corresponding to a voltage that is dependent on a distance between the detectable circuit and the coil. A distance between the detectable circuit and the coil in the first state is smaller than a distance between the detectable circuit and the coil in the second state.

Abstract: A method of forming an integrated circuit includes forming at least one hard mask layer on a device layer of a silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) substrate. A patterned trench etch forms larger area and smaller area trenches through the hard mask layer, device layer and BOX layer. A dielectric liner is formed for lining the larger area and smaller area trenches. A sub-atmospheric pressure chemical vapor (SACVD) dielectric layer is deposited for filing the smaller area trenches and partially filling the larger area trenches. The larger area trenches are bottom etched through the SACVD layer to provide a through-substrate contact (TSC) to the handle portion. The SACVD layer is densified after bottom etching, the handle portion at a bottom of the larger area trenches is implanted to form a handle contact, and the larger area trenches are filled with an electrically conductive layer to form a top side ohmic contact.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a deflecting unit having a deflecting surface, and arranged to deflect a light beam and optically scan a scanned surface in a main-scanning direction; an incident optical system arranged to cause the light beam to be obliquely incident on the deflecting surface in a sub-scanning section; and a light receiving unit arranged to receive a light beam deflected by the deflecting surface and generate a signal. A following condition is satisfied, |?|?|?|, where ? (deg) is an incident angle of the light beam from the incident optical system with respect to the deflecting surface in the sub-scanning section, and ? (deg) is an angle defined by the light beam incident on the deflecting surface and the light beam deflected by the deflecting surface and directed toward the light receiving unit in a main-scanning section.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a deflecting unit having a deflecting surface, and arranged to deflect a light beam and optically scan a scanned surface in a main-scanning direction; an incident optical system arranged to cause the light beam to be obliquely incident on the deflecting surface in a sub-scanning section; and a light receiving unit arranged to receive a light beam deflected by the deflecting surface and generate a signal. A following condition is satisfied, |?|?|?|, where ? (deg) is an incident angle of the light beam from the incident optical system with respect to the deflecting surface in the sub-scanning section, and ? (deg) is an angle defined by the light beam incident on the deflecting surface and the light beam deflected by the deflecting surface and directed toward the light receiving unit in a main-scanning section.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a tool attachment device, a workpiece attachment device, a controller, a mode selector, an axis selector, a cover, a window, and a manual operation auxiliary display device. The controller is configured to control movements of at least one of the tool attachment device and the workpiece attachment device with respect to a target axis. The mode selector is configured to select a manual operation mode or an automatic operation mode. The axis selector is to select the target axis among a plurality of axes in a case where the mode selector selects the manual operation mode. The manual operation auxiliary display device is configured to display directions of the plurality of axes included in the machine tool as an axis configuration model in the window in a case where the manual operation mode is selected.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes, a deflection unit configured to deflect first and second light fluxes in a main scanning direction by a same deflection surface, an incident optical system configured to cause the first and second light fluxes to enter the deflection surface, and an imaging optical system configured to converge the first and second light fluxes deflected by the deflection unit to first and second surfaces to be scanned, respectively. The imaging optical system includes first imaging optical element having an output surface including first and second curves that the first and second light fluxes respectively enter, and among light rays included in the first and second light fluxes, the light rays that are reflected by the first and second curves, intersect each other in a sub-scanning cross section perpendicular to the main scanning direction.

Abstract: One of two clutches etc. engaged concurrently with each other to establish a second speed, a third speed, or a fourth speed is determined in advance as an abnormal-time engagement element that is kept engaged when an abnormality occurs in which one different clutch or brake is engaged during concurrent engagement of the two clutches etc. The other of the two clutches etc. is determined in advance as an abnormal-time slipping element that is caused to slip when such an abnormality occurs. During concurrent engagement of the two clutches etc., a hydraulic pressure (target hydraulic pressure) to be supplied to the abnormal-time engagement element is set to be higher than a hydraulic pressure (target hydraulic pressure) to be supplied to the abnormal-time slipping element.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a tool attachment device, a workpiece attachment device, a controller, a mode selector, an axis selector, a cover, a window, and a manual operation auxiliary display device. The controller is configured to control movements of at least one of the tool attachment device and the workpiece attachment device with respect to a target axis. The mode selector is configured to select a manual operation mode or an automatic operation mode. The axis selector is to select the target axis among a plurality of axes in a case where the mode selector selects the manual operation mode. The manual operation auxiliary display device is configured to display directions of the plurality of axes included in the machine tool as an axis configuration model in the window in a case where the manual operation mode is selected.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new amide compound and salt thereof that is capable of inhibiting biofilm formation or removing deposited biofilms. The present invention also provides a biofilm formation inhibitor or a biofilm remover containing the amide compound or salt thereof as an active ingredient. An amide compound or salt thereof according to the present invention is denoted by General Formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R2 is a C5-12 alkyl group, and Q is a substituent denoted by Formula (Q1) or (Q2), wherein n and m are 0 or 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new amide compound and salt thereof that is capable of inhibiting biofilm formation or removing deposited biofilms. The present invention also provides a biofilm formation inhibitor or a biofilm remover containing the amide compound or salt thereof as an active ingredient. An amide compound or salt thereof according to the present invention is denoted by General Formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R2 is a C5-12 alkyl group, and Q is a substituent denoted by Formula (Q1) or (Q2), wherein n and m are 0 or 1.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus, including: light sources; a deflector configured to deflect beams emitted from the light sources; and imaging optical systems configured to focus the beams deflected by a deflecting surface of the deflector on surfaces to be scanned, respectively, wherein: the beams entering the deflecting surface are P-polarized beam; the optical scanning apparatus further includes at least one reflection optical element reflecting a beam in a sub-scanning cross section on each of optical paths from the deflecting surface to the surfaces to be scanned; the optical paths include first and second optical paths having different numbers of the reflection optical elements from each other; and the optical scanning apparatus further includes an adjustor configured to adjust an output of a light source corresponding to at least one of the first and the second optical paths from among the light sources so that predetermined conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes, a deflection unit configured to deflect first and second light fluxes in a main scanning direction by a same deflection surface, an incident optical system configured to cause the first and second light fluxes to enter the deflection surface, and an imaging optical system configured to converge the first and second light fluxes deflected by the deflection unit to first and second surfaces to be scanned, respectively. The imaging optical system includes first imaging optical element having an output surface including first and second curves that the first and second light fluxes respectively enter, and among light rays included in the first and second light fluxes, the light rays that are reflected by the first and second curves, intersect each other in a sub-scanning cross section perpendicular to the main scanning direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new amide compound and salt thereof that is capable of inhibiting biofilm formation or removing deposited biofilms. The present invention also provides a biofilm formation inhibitor or a biofilm remover containing the amide compound or salt thereof as an active ingredient. An amide compound or salt thereof according to the present invention is denoted by General Formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R2 is a C5-12 alkyl group, and Q is a substituent denoted by Formula (Q1) or (Q2), wherein n and m are 0 or 1.

Abstract: One of two clutches etc. engaged concurrently with each other to establish a second speed, a third speed, or a fourth speed is determined in advance as an abnormal-time engagement element that is kept engaged when an abnormality occurs in which one different clutch or brake is engaged during concurrent engagement of the two clutches etc. The other of the two clutches etc. is determined in advance as an abnormal-time slipping element that is caused to slip when such an abnormality occurs. During concurrent engagement of the two clutches etc., a hydraulic pressure (target hydraulic pressure) to be supplied to the abnormal-time engagement element is set to be higher than a hydraulic pressure (target hydraulic pressure) to be supplied to the abnormal-time slipping element.

Abstract: A simulator development system is disclosed, including a data file management part to create a data file storing data concerning a plurality of types of integrated circuits, for each update and to manage the data file with a file name including a date and time when the data file is updated; and a simulator generation part to specify a latest data file from a plurality of the data files retrieved based on a type name, by referring to the date and time included in the file name in response to a selection of the type name of the integrated circuit, and to generate the simulator corresponding to the type of the integrated circuit, which type is specified by a type name.

Abstract: The present invention provides a control agent that is extremely effective in controlling bacterial diseases. The quorum sensing inhibitor and bacterial disease control agent for agricultural and horticultural use of the present invention contain a pyrimidinone compound represented by General Formula (1): wherein R1 represents a C1-5 alkyl group or a phenyl group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-5 alkyl group, provided that R1 cannot be a methyl group when R2 represents a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: To provide high flexibility in the arrangement of optical paths toward a plurality of photosensitive members and not to cause an increase in size of an image forming apparatus even when a cartridge capacity is increased, provided is an image forming apparatus including: light source units; a deflecting unit for deflecting a plurality of light beams for scanning; a plurality of photosensitive members; an imaging optical system for imaging the light beams deflected for scanning; and a plurality of toner containers, in which the toner containers are different in capacity, and an optical path length from the photosensitive member for the same color as the toner container having a large capacity to the deflecting surface of the deflecting unit is longer than an optical path length from the photosensitive member for the same color as the toner container having a small capacity to the deflecting surface of the deflecting unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an amide compound having antibacterial activity, and a bacterial infection control agent for agricultural and horticultural use that contains the amide compound. The novel amide compound of the present invention is represented by General Formula (1): wherein R is a —CH(R1)(R2) or a —CO(R2) group, R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and R2 is a C1-12 alkyl group.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner for electrostatic image development, containing a toner particle and external additive particles adhered to the surface of the toner particle, each of the external additive particles being constituted of plural irreversibly coalesced primary particles.