Abstract: A simulator development system is disclosed, including a data file management part to create a data file storing data concerning a plurality of types of integrated circuits, for each update and to manage the data file with a file name including a date and time when the data file is updated; and a simulator generation part to specify a latest data file from a plurality of the data files retrieved based on a type name, by referring to the date and time included in the file name in response to a selection of the type name of the integrated circuit, and to generate the simulator corresponding to the type of the integrated circuit, which type is specified by a type name.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes an input optical system having an input optical element, for projecting a light beam from a light source device onto a deflecting surface of an optical deflector, and an imaging optical system having an imaging optical element, for imaging the light beam scanningly deflected by the deflecting surface of the optical deflector, on a surface to be scanned, wherein the light beam is obliquely incident on the deflecting surface in a sub-scan section, wherein the imaging optical element has at least one optical surface which is decentered in the sub-scan section, wherein the input optical element has at least one optical surface having an asymmetric and aspherical surface shape, wherein the input optical element has a thickness dm1 in the sub-scan section and at a position where a first marginal light ray of the light beam passing through the input optical system, which first marginal light ray is closer to an optical reference axis than the principal ray of that light beam is, p

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner contains at least a binder resin and a colorant, and log10{[Cu]/[C]} satisfies the following equation (1): ?5.0?log10{[Cu]/[C]}??3.5 ??(1) in which, [C] represents a carbon content (%) and [Cu] represents a copper content (%), measured with fluorescent X-ray. An electrophotographic developer containing the toner, a method for producing the toner, and a method for forming an image by using the toner are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical scanning system and an image forming apparatus having the same, wherein, in one preferred form of the invention, the optical scanning system includes a light source device, a deflecting device for scanningly deflecting a light beam from the light source device, and an imaging optical system for imaging, upon a scan surface to be scanned, the light beam deflected by the deflecting device, wherein the imaging optical system consists of a single imaging optical element with a light exit surface having a concave shape with respect to a main-scan sectional plane, and wherein relations 0.5??m/?p?0.9 0<dp/kp?0.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical scanning system and an image forming apparatus having the same, wherein, in one preferred form of the invention, the optical scanning system includes a light source device, a deflecting device for scanningly deflecting a light beam from the light source device, and an imaging optical system for imaging, upon a scan surface to be scanned, the light beam deflected by the deflecting device, wherein the imaging optical system consists of a single imaging optical element with a light exit surface having a concave shape with respect to a main-scan sectional plane, and wherein relations 0.5??m/?p?0.9 0<dp/kp?0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner contains at least a binder resin and a colorant, and log10{[Cu]/[C]} satisfies the following equation (1): ?5.0?log10{[Cu]/[C]}??3.5 ??(1) in which, [C] represents a carbon content (%) and [Cu] represents a copper content (%), measured with fluorescent X-ray. An electrophotographic developer containing the toner, a method for producing the toner, and a method for forming an image by using the toner are also provided.

Abstract: A toner for use in the development of electrostatic latent images contains colored particles including at least a binder resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive. An average circularity of the toner is 0.975 or more; a median of arithmetic average height distribution of the toner is 0.05 ?m or more and not more than 0.12 ?m; and a fluctuation of arithmetic average height is not more than 35. Preferably, a value of 90% accumulation of the arithmetic average height distribution of the toner is less than 0.15 ?m; and a fluctuation of number average particle size and a fluctuation of circularity of the toner are not more than 25 and not more than 2.5, respectively. The electrostatic latent image developer contains the foregoing toner and a carrier, and the image forming method uses the foregoing toner or the foregoing developer.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a rubber ingredient comprising natural rubber and/or a synthetic rubber, 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of at least one nitrogenous compound selected among benzimidazole derivatives having a specific structure and hydrazide derivatives having a specific structure, and 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of a protonic acid; and a pneumatic tire including a member formed from this rubber composition. The rubber composition enables excellent gripping performance while attaining intact productivity. The pneumatic tire produced from this rubber composition, in particular, the tire whose tread has been formed from the composition, has significantly improved gripping performance in high-speed driving, etc.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner excellent in dispersibility of a colorant, excellent in fixing property at a low temperature and having a broad fixing latitude of good offset resisting property, and a process for producing the same, as well as an electrophotographic developer and a process for forming an image using the electrophotographic toner are provided. The electrophotographic toner is provided that contains a binder resin and a colorant, in which the binder resin contains a crystalline polyester containing a carboxylic acid of two or more valences having a sulfonic acid group as a monomer component, and a process for producing the same, as well as an electrophotographic developer and a process for forming an image using the electrophotographic toner are provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner excellent in dispersibility of a colorant, excellent in fixing property at a low temperature and having a broad fixing latitude of good offset resisting property, and a process for producing the same, as well as an electrophotographic developer and a process for forming an image using the electrophotographic toner are provided. The electrophotographic toner is provided that contains a binder resin and a colorant, in which the binder resin contains a crystalline polyester containing a carboxylic acid of two or more valences having a sulfonic acid group as a monomer component, and a process for producing the same, as well as an electrophotographic developer and a process for forming an image using the electrophotographic toner are provided.

Abstract: Provided are a toner for electrophotography, a method for producing it, and a method of image formation with it. The toner fuses little in the apparatus where it is produced, and its productivity is high. The toner has good characteristics including charging characteristics and coloring characteristics, and the amount of coarse grains in the toner is small. The method for producing the toner includes a step of kneading at least a toner-forming material to prepare a kneaded mixture, a step of grinding and classifying at least the kneaded mixture to prepare toner grains, and a step of mixing at least an external additive in the toner grains. In the method, an inorganic oxide containing the same metal element at least for its core is added to the system in all of the kneading step, the grinding and classifying step and the external additive-mixing step.

Abstract: There is provided an electrostatic charge image developing toner comprising at least a binder resin, a coloring agent, and an aromatic hydrocarbon copolymer resin, wherein, in a toner particle, the percentage of dispersed aromatic hydrocarbon copolymer resin particles having a longitudinal diameter of 2.0 .mu.m or greater among the total number of dispersed aromatic hydrocarbon copolymer is 10% or less. The toner has superior effects of excellent grindability and not melting and adhering to apparatuses, without there being any adverse effect on basic abilities of the toner such as electrostatic charge property, fixing property, color, and the like.

Abstract: The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image comprises a colorant, a binding resin and a resin copolymer of aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon having 9 or more of carbon atoms. Preferably, the toner further comprises a wax. The endothermic peak of the wax at DSC is preferably from 70 to 100.degree. C. The petroleum resin copolymer preferably has a ring and ball softening point of from 80 to 170.degree. C., and the binding resin is preferably a polyester resin. The weight ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon monomer and the aliphatic hydrocarbon monomer of the petroleum resin copolymer is preferably from 99:1 to 50:50.

Abstract: The present invention provides a long-life carrier for developing an electrostatic latent image to be used in such field of applications as electrostatic photography and electrostatic recording, a developer of an electrostatic latent image utilizing said carrier, a method for forming an image and an image forming apparatus by using said developer. By use of the foregoing qualities, a high-quality image can be obtained.

Abstract: A foldable wheel chair wherein diagonal braces which are transversely foldable are coupled by universal joints to front and rear portions between two longitudinally foldable opposite side frames to prevent slidable motion. Caster wheels and drive wheels are mounted on the side frames thereby folding the wheel chair in longitudinal and transversal directions to render it compact.