Abstract: At least one processor included in an optical signal state estimation apparatus carries out: an acquisition process for acquiring a constellation of an optical signal; a generation process for generating time series data in which pieces of histogram information are arranged in time series, the histogram information being obtained by counting the number of signal points of the constellation, the signal points being included in each of grids obtained by dividing an in-phase component direction and a quadrature component direction into a specific number of rows and the specific number of columns, respectively; and an estimation process for estimating a state of the optical signal by inputting the time series data to a learned model.

Abstract: A learning model is trained so that a signal state can be estimated with high accuracy even in a case where a constellation on a complex plane is rotated. A learning apparatus (1) includes: an acquisition section (11) that acquires a constellation of a known state optical signal transmitted through optical fiber; a generation section (12) that generates a corrected constellation obtained by rotating the constellation on a complex plane; and a learning section (13) that uses the constellation and the corrected constellation to train a learning model.

Abstract: To extract data-for-machine-leaning so as to enable accurate detection of an abnormality while reducing normal state patterns in a mobile network. A learning data extracting apparatus includes: an issuing section that issues a network service use request which is to be processed by cooperation of a plurality of communication apparatuses constituting C-plane; an obtaining section that obtains, as pieces of candidate learning data, time series data of information relating to the plurality of communication apparatuses; and an extracting section that extracts, as data-for-machine-leaning, a piece of candidate learning data with which the process in response to the network service use request has been successfully ended, from among the pieces of candidate learning data.

Abstract: A pattern forming method includes: a modification treatment step of, in accordance with a pattern to be formed on a pattern forming surface of a base body, applying a light beam having a width smaller than a diameter of each of dots to constitute the pattern, onto a treatment target region including at least outer edges on both sides in a width direction of a region where the pattern is to be formed in the pattern forming surface, thereby carrying out modification treatment on the treatment target region; and a droplet deposition step of ejecting and depositing droplets of a functional liquid by an inkjet method onto the region where the pattern is to be formed including the treatment target region where the modification treatment has been carried out.

Abstract: A pattern forming apparatus includes: a laser irradiation device configured to emit and direct a beam of laser light to enter a hole through an opening section thereof formed in a substrate; a light reflection device having a reflective surface configured to reflect the laser light to irradiate an inner surface of the hole with the reflected laser light, the reflective surface being arranged on a bottom of the hole to face toward the opening section; a droplet ejection device configured to eject and deposit droplets of conductive ink into the hole; and a control device configured to control the laser irradiation device to irradiate and modify the inner surface of the hole with the laser light reflected on the reflective surface, and to control the droplet ejection device to eject and deposit the droplets of the conductive ink into the hole of which the inner surface has been modified.

Abstract: The present invention provides a run-flat tire provided with a reinforcing rubber layer 9 arranged in a side wall section 2 so as to be formed in a crescent cross sectional shape, an annular protrusion section 10 protruding to an outer side in a tire width direction from at least one of bead sections 1, and having an inner peripheral side surface 11 facing to an outer peripheral side curved surface of a rim flange 8a at a time of installing a specified rim, and an annular bead 1b arranged in the annular protrusion section 10, in which the run-flat tire is provided with a ridge section 23 connecting to an outer side in the tire width direction from an inner peripheral side surface 11 of the annular protrusion section 10 so as to protrude to an inner peripheral side of the tire, and having an inner diameter smaller than an outer diameter of the rim flange 8a, and a soft rubber layer 15 arranged in the ridge section 23 and having a corner section 16 tapered toward the tire inner peripheral side.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a substrate 12, pixel regions 14 that are arrayed on the substrate, data-input portions 38 and 40 that input image data to the pixel regions, and a current-supply portion 42 that supplies charge to the pixel regions. The pixel regions each include: thin-film transistors 30, 32 including a gate electrode 44, a gate insulating film 46, an active layer 48, a source electrode 50, and a drain electrode 52; a capacitor 34 that is electrically connected to the drain electrode and that accumulates charge; and a pixel electrode 36 that is electrically connected to the drain electrode and to the capacitor such that charged particles are electrostatically attracted to a pixel region by movement of charge accumulated in the capacitor to the pixel electrode constituting the pixel region. The active layer of the thin film transistor is formed from a material that includes an oxide semiconductor. A flexible substrate is preferably used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a run-flat tire provided with a reinforcing rubber layer 9 arranged in a side wall section 2 so as to be formed in a crescent cross sectional shape, an annular protrusion section 10 protruding to an outer side in a tire width direction from at least one of bead sections 1, and having an inner peripheral side surface 11 facing to an outer peripheral side curved surface of a rim flange 8a at a time of installing a specified rim, and an annular bead 1b arranged in the annular protrusion section 10, in which the run-flat tire is provided with a ridge section 23 connecting to an outer side in the tire width direction from an inner peripheral side surface 11 of the annular protrusion section 10 so as to protrude to an inner peripheral side of the tire, and having an inner diameter smaller than an outer diameter of the rim flange 8a, and a soft rubber layer 15 arranged in the ridge section 23 and having a corner section 16 tapered toward the tire inner peripheral side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly reliable organic EL elements that can provide higher luminance with lower voltage and exhibit lower leak current at negative biases and appropriate diode properties. The organic EL element comprises a positive hole injecting layer, and a perfluoropolyether compound is incorporated into the positive hole injecting layer. Preferably, the perfluoropolyether compound is expressed by formula (1) or (2), R1—Rf—R2 ??formula (1) Rf—R3 ??formula (2) in which, R1, R2, and R3 represents one of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and a substituted group; Rf represents the perfluoropolyether skeleton expressed by the formula (3), in which, R4 and R5 represent general formula —CpF2p+1; n, m, x, and y are each an integer.

Abstract: In an organic EL device disclosed, there are stacked sequentially on a glass substrate an anode, a first carrier transportation layer, a second carrier transportation layer, a light emission layer, a third carrier transportation layer, a fourth carrier transportation layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode. The first carrier transportation layer is formed from a material having an ionization potential Ip lower than the ionization potential Ip of the second carrier transportation layer, and the third carrier transportation layer is formed from a material having an electron affinity Ea less than the electron affinity Ea of the fourth carrier transportation layer.

Abstract: The present invention is an organic EL device in which an anode, a hole injection layer, a first carrier transportation layer, a first luminescent layer, a second carrier transportation layer, a second luminescent layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode are formed on a glass substrate in order, wherein layers with a smaller electron affinity Ea and a larger energy gap Eg than those of the first and second luminescent layers are employed for the first and second carrier transportation layers, so as to enhance the emission efficiency of the first and second luminescent layers.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising an organic thin film layer containing a light-emitting layer between an positive electrode and a negative electrode, in which a layer in the organic thin film layer comprises 1,3,6,8-tetraphenylpyrene compound expressed by the following structural formula (1), and a carbazole derivative expressed by the following structural formula (2), in the structural formula (1), R1–R4 may be identical or different, and may be a hydrogen atom or a substituent group,

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a transparent substrate (31), an anode (32), a hole injection layer (33), a hole transport layer (34), an luminescent layer (35), an electron transport multilayered body (36), a cathode-side electron transport layer (37), and a cathode (38) formed on the substrate (31) in that order. The electron transport multilayered body (36) includes alternate layered two kinds of electron transport layers (36A, 36B) having electron affinities that are different from each other. Increasing the amount of electron current injected from the cathode (38) for balancing with the amount of hole current, and enhancing luminous efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly reliable organic EL elements that can provide higher luminance with lower voltage and exhibit lower leak current at negative biases and appropriate diode properties. The organic EL element comprises a positive hole injecting layer, and a perfluoropolyether compound is incorporated into the positive hole injecting layer. Preferably, the perfluoropolyether compound is expressed by formula (1) or (2), R1—Rf—R2??formula (1) Rf—R3??formula (2) in which, R1, R2, and R3 represents one of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and a substituted group; Rf represents the perfluoropolyether skeleton expressed by the formula (3), in which, R4 and R5 represent general formula —CpF2p+1; n, m, x, and y are each an integer.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a transparent substrate (31), an anode (32), a hole injection layer (33), a hole transport layer (34), an luminescent layer (35), an electron transport multilayered body (36), a cathode-side electron transport layer (37), and a cathode (38) formed on the substrate (31) in that order. The electron transport multilayered body (36) includes alternate layered two kinds of electron transport layers (36A, 36B) having electron affinities that are different from each other. Increasing the amount of electron current injected from the cathode (38) for balancing with the amount of hole current, and enhancing luminous efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention is an organic EL device in which an anode, a hole injection layer, a first carrier transportation layer, a first luminescent layer, a second carrier transportation layer, a second luminescent layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode are formed on a glass substrate in order, wherein layers with a smaller electron affinity Ea and a larger energy gap Eg than those of the first and second luminescent layers are employed for the first and second carrier transportation layers, so as to enhance the emission efficiency of the first and second luminescent layers.

Abstract: In an organic EL device disclosed, there are stacked sequentially on a glass substrate an anode, a first carrier transportation layer, a second carrier transportation layer, a light emission layer, a third carrier transportation layer, a fourth carrier transportation layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode. The first carrier transportation layer is formed from a material having an ionization potential Ip lower than the ionization potential Ip of the second carrier transportation layer, and the third carrier transportation layer is formed from a material having an electron affinity Ea less than the electron affinity Ea of the fourth carrier transportation layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising an organic thin film layer containing a light-emitting layer between an positive electrode and a negative electrode, in which a layer in the organic thin film layer comprises 1,3,6,8-tetraphenylpyrene compound expressed by the following structural formula (1), and a carbazole derivative expressed by the following structural formula (2), 1

Abstract: The present invention has an exemplified object to provide a recording device and method each having a good mechanical property, such as an endurance, enough to realize a high-speed and high-quality recording. In the recording device, an absorptive part is formed by a surface treatment of a feed belt. In the triboelectric series, a difference in charged amount between the absorptive part and a printing paper is made large, and an electric reaction between an ink drop and the printing paper is prevented.

Abstract: A cleanerless image forming apparatus and a cleanerless image forming method facilitate the collection of residual toners after image transfer. The image forming apparatus includes a rotary endless latent carrier, a rotary charging brush for charging the rotary endless latent carrier, and a unit for forming an electrostatic latent image on the rotary endless latent carrier. The electrostatic latent image is developed on the rotary endless latent carrier by supplying polymerization toners simultaneously with the cleaning of residual polymerization toners therefrom. The polymerization toners on the rotary endless latent carrier are then transferred to a sheet.